Brief introduction to Apache Subversion

According to the website of this program:

Subversion is an open-source version control system. Founded in 2000 by CollabNet, Inc. the Subversion project and software have seen incredible success over the past decade. Subversion has enjoyed and continues to enjoy widespread adoption in both the open-source arena and the corporate world.

With the advent of Git, it has indeed fallen in use, but it is still important to many developers and projects worldwide. That’s why learning how to install it can be quite useful.

What does Subversion pretend to be? Subversion exists to be universally recognized and adopted as an open-source, centralized version control system characterized by its reliability as a haven for valuable data; the simplicity of its model and usage; and its ability to support the needs of a wide variety of users and projects, from individuals to large-scale enterprise operations.

So now we can get started.

Install Apache Subversion on Ubuntu 20.04

So, before we start, update your entire Linux distribution as follows:

sudo apt update
sudo apt upgrade

Then, install Apache and the apache2-utils package

sudo apt install apache2 apache2-utils

Check the status of the Apache service for any errors

sudo systemctl status apache2
● apache2.service - The Apache HTTP Server
     Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/apache2.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
     Active: active (running) since Thu 2021-08-12 17:24:56 CEST; 7s ago
       Docs: https://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/
   Main PID: 1872 (apache2)
      Tasks: 55 (limit: 2286)
     Memory: 5.6M
     CGroup: /system.slice/apache2.service
             ├─1872 /usr/sbin/apache2 -k start
             ├─1873 /usr/sbin/apache2 -k start
             └─1874 /usr/sbin/apache2 -k start

Aug 12 17:24:56 osradar systemd[1]: Starting The Apache HTTP Server...
Aug 12 17:24:56 osradar apachectl[1871]: AH00558: apache2: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 127.0.1.1. Set the 'ServerName'>ug 12 17:24:56 osradar systemd[1]: Started The Apache HTTP Server.

If everything is OK, then you can install the modules required by Subversion.

sudo apt install libapache2-mod-svn subversion-tools libsvn-dev
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
The following additional packages will be installed:
  libapr1-dev libaprutil1-dev libc-dev-bin libc6-dev libcrypt-dev libexpat1-dev libldap2-dev libsctp-dev libsctp1 libserf-1-1 libsvn1 libutf8proc2 linux-libc-dev
  subversion uuid-dev
Suggested packages:
  db5.3-util python glibc-doc manpages-dev lksctp-tools libserf-dev libsvn-doc zlib1g-dev ruby-svn svn2cl
Recommended packages:
  manpages-dev default-mta | mail-transport-agent libconfig-inifiles-perl libsvn-perl liburi-perl python-subversion
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  libapache2-mod-svn libapr1-dev libaprutil1-dev libc-dev-bin libc6-dev libcrypt-dev libexpat1-dev libldap2-dev libsctp-dev libsctp1 libserf-1-1 libsvn-dev libsvn1
  libutf8proc2 linux-libc-dev subversion subversion-tools uuid-dev
0 upgraded, 18 newly installed, 0 to remove and 29 not upgraded.
Need to get 9,473 kB of archives.
After this operation, 63.0 MB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n]

And then Subversion itself:

sudo apt install subversion

After that, enable the apache modules for Subversion

sudo a2enmod dav
sudo a2enmod dav_svn

In my case, they were already enabled, but better be sure.

Configuring Subversion for the first use

Subversion is already installed and running, but it is convenient to make some previous configurations.

The first thing to do is to create a username and password to secure access from the web.

To do this, run the following command:

sudo htpasswd -cm /etc/apache2/dav_svn.passwd admin
New password:
Re-type new password:
Adding password for user admin

You can replace admin with any username you want. The above command will prompt for the password of this new user.

Apply the changes by restarting Apache

sudo systemctl restart apache2

Now, you have to modify the configuration file of one of the Subversion modules for Apache

sudo nano /etc/apache2/mods-enabled/dav_svn.conf

And replace the content with the following:

Alias /svn /var/www/svn
<Location /svn>

    DAV svn
    SVNParentPath /var/www/svn

    AuthType Basic
    AuthName "Subversion Repository"
    AuthUserFile /etc/apache2/dav_svn.passwd
    Require valid-user

</Location>

Note: It is advisable then, to make a backup before

Save the changes and close the editor.

Now create a new folder for Subversion projects.

sudo mkdir /var/www/svn

Next, it is necessary to initialize the Subversion project.

sudo sudo svnadmin create /var/www/svn/[project-name]

Remember that you have to replace [project-name] with the name of your project as this will generate a folder.

Make Apache the owner of the project folder.

sudo chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www/svn

And assign the correct permissions:

sudo chmod -R 775 /var/www/svn

Now yes, you can see the change from apache and a web browser at the address http://ip-server/svn/project, and from now on you can work with Subversion.

Conclusion

Git is the clear market dominator but Subversion is a useful tool that adapts to other needs. So it is always convenient to know how to install it.

The post How to install Apache Subversion on Ubuntu 20.04? appeared first on Linux Windows and android Tutorials.

What is Apache web server?

The first thing to say is that when we talk about Apache web server, we are talking about httpd because that is what it is really called. What happens is that this project is sponsored and supported by the Apache Foundation that gives it the nickname.

You can also learn about the speed difference regarding Apache VS NGINX.

So, according to the official website of httpd we have the following definition.

The Apache HTTP Server Project is an effort to develop and maintain an open-source HTTP server for modern operating systems including UNIX and Windows. The goal of this project is to provide a secure, efficient, and extensible server that provides HTTP services in sync with the current HTTP standards.

So, it is one of the most widely used web servers in the world because it is secure, fast, and easy to administer. As expected, it is also compatible with many programming languages and therefore web applications.

The installation and administration of Apache are possible thanks to the powerful documentation that is available to everyone. I recommend you take a look at it

Install Apache web server on Debian 11

So, connect to your Debian 11 server and if you haven’t updated it, you can do it in the following way:

apt update
apt upgrade

You have to run these commands as the root user. In case you can use sudo then just use it before the commands I will show you

One of the best things about Apache is that we can find it in the official repositories of many distributions including Debian.

So, you can search the repositories as follows:

apt search apache2

And as result, you will see a lot of Apache-related packages.

To install Apache web server on Debian 11, just run the following command:

apt install apache2
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
The following additional packages will be installed:
  apache2-bin apache2-data apache2-utils libapr1 libaprutil1 libaprutil1-dbd-sqlite3 libaprutil1-ldap libgdbm-compat4 liblua5.3-0 libperl5.32 mailcap mime-support
  perl perl-modules-5.32
Suggested packages:
  apache2-doc apache2-suexec-pristine | apache2-suexec-custom www-browser perl-doc libterm-readline-gnu-perl | libterm-readline-perl-perl make
  libtap-harness-archive-perl
Recommended packages:
  ssl-cert
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  apache2 apache2-bin apache2-data apache2-utils libapr1 libaprutil1 libaprutil1-dbd-sqlite3 libaprutil1-ldap libgdbm-compat4 liblua5.3-0 libperl5.32 mailcap
  mime-support perl perl-modules-5.32
0 upgraded, 15 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
Need to get 9,725 kB of archives.
After this operation, 55.6 MB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n]

This way, after accepting the installation, it will start. As it is a lightweight web server, the process should not take too long.

Managing the Apache webserver service and testing the installation

By default, upon completion of the Apache installation, the service will be started and enabled. In any case, you can check the status of the service by running:

systemctl status apache2
● apache2.service - The Apache HTTP Server
     Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/apache2.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
     Active: active (running) since Tue 2021-08-17 21:54:55 CEST; 22s ago
       Docs: https://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/
   Main PID: 1963 (apache2)
      Tasks: 55 (limit: 2277)
     Memory: 9.1M
        CPU: 44ms
     CGroup: /system.slice/apache2.service
             ├─1963 /usr/sbin/apache2 -k start
             ├─1965 /usr/sbin/apache2 -k start
             └─1966 /usr/sbin/apache2 -k start

Aug 17 21:54:55 osradar systemd[1]: Starting The Apache HTTP Server...
Aug 17 21:54:55 osradar apachectl[1962]: AH00558: apache2: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 127.0.1.1. Set the 'ServerName'>ug 17 21:54:55 osradar systemd[1]: Started The Apache HTTP Server.

As you can see, the service is running correctly. If you want to stop it, run

systemctl stop apache2

And to start it:

systemctl start apache2

When making changes in the Apache configuration or some of its modules, you will have to restart the service to apply them. To do this, run

systemctl restart apache2

Now, we have to verify that the installation was successful and the best way is to use it.

So, the normal thing is that you are using a Firewall in Debian 11, in case you are, then make sure that the ports 80 and 443 are available.

In case you are using UFW then you can do it in the following way:

ufw allow 80
ufw allow 443

Now yes, you can open a web browser and visit http://your-server-ip and see the following screen

This way, the Apache web server is ready to use.

Install PHP with Apache web server on Debian 11

Apache’s utility is to serve websites. If these websites are static, that is, they are not created with a programming language, then there is no need to install anything else.

Realistically, however, the websites include functionality created in a programming language such as PHP. This language is one of the most popular and that is why it is convenient to install it together with Apache.

So, to install PHP and the add-on module with Apache, just run the following command

apt install php php-cli libapache2-mod-php
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
The following additional packages will be installed:
  libapache2-mod-php7.4 libsodium23 php-common php7.4 php7.4-cli php7.4-common php7.4-json php7.4-opcache php7.4-readline psmisc
Suggested packages:
  php-pear
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  libapache2-mod-php libapache2-mod-php7.4 libsodium23 php php-cli php-common php7.4 php7.4-cli php7.4-common php7.4-json php7.4-opcache php7.4-readline psmisc
0 upgraded, 13 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
Need to get 4,490 kB of archives.
After this operation, 19.3 MB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n]

For the Apache webserver to recognize the module that allows it to work with PHP, it is necessary to restart the service.

systemctl restart apache2

And now, Apache and PHP are installed and working perfectly. To check this, create a file with PHP extension in the Apache root directory which is /var/www/html/.

nano /var/www/html/test.php

Inside this file, add some PHP code such as the phpinfo() method.

<?php
phpinfo();
?>

Save the changes and close the editor.

Now try to open it from the web browser http://your-server-ip/test.php

So, the Apache web server is working correctly.

Conclusion

Apache web server is a very popular server whose installation allows novices to explore everything about this world. It can also be used in docker images for application deployment.

The post Install Apache web server on Debian 11 appeared first on Linux Windows and android Tutorials.

Why do it?

The algorithm that Brotli uses is more efficient at compressing files than other compression methods. Therefore we will be able to notice how the files on our server will weigh less and this will influence the load of the files.

In general, you can expect files to be 15% to 25% smaller. So it is always a good idea to do it even if GZIP is the most popular among them. For a while, Brotli lacked the browser support that would allow it to be used in the same way as GZIP, but that changed and nowadays they are all supported.

So, in this post, you will learn how to enable it in Apache using Debian 10 as an example.

Enabling Brotli compression on Apache

One of the first things we have to do is to access the server or open a terminal.

Then proceed to update the whole system.

sudo apt update
sudo apt upgrade

Fortunately, Brotli is available from the official Debian repositories so installation becomes quite easy.

So to install it, run the following command:

sudo apt install brotli

This way, we already have the program installed. Now we need to link it with Apache so that they can do the job together.

First, enable the module in Apache. We can do this because recent versions of Apache include this module. In case you have manually installed apache, you have to rebuild it together with the module.

sudo a2enmod brotli 

Now in the virtualhost of your site, you have to add the following lines for the site to be processed with brotli.

<IfModule mod_brotli.c>
    AddOutputFilterByType BROTLI_COMPRESS text/html text/plain text/xml text/css text/javascript application/javascript
</IfModule>

Save your changes and close your editor,

And to apply the changes, you have to completely restart Apache.

sudo systemctl restart apache2

This is enough, but if you want to verify the process, you have to run the following command:

curl -I -H 'Accept-Encoding: br' [your-domain]

If on the output screen the value of Content-Encoding is similar to Content-Encoding: br, then the whole process has been successful.

Conclusion

In a web server, web server enhancement tools are essential for everything to work. The compression Brotli helps a lot in this task and with Apache, it can be useful.

The post How to enable the Brotli compression on Apache and Debian 10 appeared first on Linux Windows and android Tutorials.

What is the LAMP stack?

The LAMP stack is the union of several application components that allow to have a functional web server. With LAMP it is possible to develop and deploy web applications created in PHP.

Installing the LAMP stack on Fedora 34

(L)inux

The first component is Linux. In this case, we are using Fedora as the Linux distribution. Fedora is quite stable for these purposes, but it also serves to host applications as if it were a server.

(A)pache

The second component is the HTTP server. The easiest server to use and also one of the most popular is HTTPD which is the Apache project server. Fortunately, it is found in the official repositories of the distribution, which facilitates the installation.

To do this, open a terminal and execute the following command:

:~$ sudo dnf install httpd

Before you can use the server, you must initialize the service. In other words, you have to start it. To do this, we use systemd to do it.

:~$ sudo systemctl start httpd

If you want the service to start along with the system, then run this command:

:~$ sudo systemctl enable httpd

Now each time the system is started, httpd will be started.

However, Fedora values security very much and will not allow httpd to run if port 80 and 443 are not opened in the firewall. So let’s do it.

$ sudo firewall-cmd zone=public add-service=http permanent
success
$ sudo firewall-cmd reload
success

Now, open your web browser and go to http://your-server or http://localhost depending on where you are installing LAMP. You willl see the following:

That means Apache is functioning perfectly.

Installing LAMP stack on Fedora 34 – (P)hp

Now for web applications to run smoothly, you need to install PHP. PHP is one of the most popular languages for web programming. In fact, the vast majority of web applications are created with PHP. To install it along with its main modules, you have to execute the following command:

:~$ sudo dnf install php php-common php-pecl-apcu php-cli php-pear php-pdo php-mysqlnd php-pgsql php-gd php-mbstring php-xml

Now you have to test that PHP works properly, so you have to create a file with some php code and see if you run it.

:~$ sudo nano /var/www/html/test.php

And add the following:

<?php
phpinfo();
?>

If you do not have nano installed, it is better to do it with the following command:

:~$ sudo dnf install nano

For all this to work, you have to restart the server:

:~$ sudo systemctl restart httpd

And then, open it from the web browser. http://your-server/test.php or http://localhost/test.php

This means that PHP and Apache are working correctly.

Installing LAMP stack on Fedora 34 – (M)ariaDB

MariaDB is a MySQL fork. Therefore, we are in the presence of a relational database management system. It is included in most existing Linux distributions. Also, it is perfectly compatible with MySQL and its commands as well as its engines. It is the last component of LAMP.

Keep in mind that MariaDB is used to store the data that applications require as they are being used. That is to say, no transactional system should be executed without a database manager. So it is vital to install it.

To do this, run the following command:

:~$ sudo dnf install mariadb-server

Then, at the end of the installation, start the service as with Httpd.

:~$ sudo systemctl start mariadb

And if you want it to run at system startup, just run this command:

:~$ sudo systemctl enable mariadb

Now, you have to secure the installation with the mysql_secure_installation script. With this script you will be able to define a root password and other small configurations.

:~$ sudo mysql_secure_installation

After defining the root password you will be asked other configuration questions. I answered yes to everything.

Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] Y 
Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] Y
Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] Y
Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] y

Now, you have the LAMP stack installed in Fedora 34 without problems.

Conclusion

The LAMP stack is a set of vital applications to have a basic and functional web server. It is the basis for most web applications. And it is necessary for the development of applications and to serve them. Each one of the elements of the stack can be installed without problems but its administration would give for many articles. Anyway today you have learned to deploy it in its basic form.

The post How to install the LAMP stack on Fedora 34 appeared first on Linux Windows and android Tutorials.

Recently a new version of PHP has been released which is a major release promising many things like improved performance. This makes it an attractive release and already many open source applications have started to support it. So it is also the case of FreeBSD which is already leaping.

Install PHP 8 on FreeBSD 12

In this post, we will use Apache so that together with FreeBSD we have a small server where we will be able to test the operation of the same one. Also, we will run the commands with the root user but if your user has sudo access, you can use it too.

So, let’s get started.

Install Apache on FreeBSD

First of all, you have to install the Apache webserver from the official repositories, just run:

pkg install apache24
Updating FreeBSD repository catalogue...
FreeBSD repository is up to date.
All repositories are up to date.
The following 13 package(s) will be affected (of 0 checked):

New packages to be INSTALLED:
	apache24: 2.4.46_2
	apr: 1.7.0.1.6.1_1
	ca_root_nss: 3.58
	curl: 7.74.0
	db5: 5.3.28_7
	expat: 2.2.10
	gdbm: 1.18.1_1
	jansson: 2.13.1
	libnghttp2: 1.42.0
	libxml2: 2.9.10_2
	pcre: 8.44
	perl5: 5.32.1_1
	readline: 8.0.4

Number of packages to be installed: 13

The process will require 157 MiB more space.
36 MiB to be downloaded.

Proceed with this action? [y/N]: 

The command will also install several dependencies that are necessary to install Apache.

After installing it, make it start with the system, this is recommended.

sysrc apache24_enable=yes

After that, start the service:

service apache24 start

This way we will have Apache on FreeBSD. Do not forget to open ports 80 and 443 of your Firewall so that it can run correctly.

Install PHP 8 on FreeBSD

Now it is the turn of PHP 8, which fortunately is already in the official repositories. So we will be able to install it without any problems – some of the PHP modules will have to be installed from ports or by compiling the source code but they are few.

So run the following command to install PHP 8 and some of its main modules

pkg install php80 mod_php80 php80-mbstring php80-zlib php80-curl php80-gd php80-gd
Updating FreeBSD repository catalogue...
FreeBSD repository is up to date.
All repositories are up to date.
The following 18 package(s) will be affected (of 0 checked):

New packages to be INSTALLED:
	fontconfig: 2.13.92_2,1
	freetype2: 2.10.4
	giflib: 5.2.1
	jbigkit: 2.1_1
	jpeg-turbo: 2.0.6
	libargon2: 20190702
	libgd: 2.3.1,1
	mod_php80: 8.0.3
	oniguruma: 6.9.6
	pcre2: 10.36
	php80: 8.0.3
	php80-curl: 8.0.3
	php80-gd: 8.0.3
	php80-mbstring: 8.0.3
	php80-zlib: 8.0.3
	png: 1.6.37
	tiff: 4.2.0
	webp: 1.1.0

Number of packages to be installed: 18

The process will require 66 MiB more space.
12 MiB to be downloaded.

Proceed with this action? [y/N]:

With Apache and PHP installed, we have to make some configurations to get them working.

Configuring Apache to work with PHP

The configuration we have to do is quite simple. In the /usr/local/etc/apache24/Includes/ directory we have to add a file where PHP support is added.

In my case, I like nano so I have installed it.

pkg install nano

And with it create and edit the file:

nano /usr/local/etc/apache24/Includes/php.conf

And add the following content:

<IfModule dir_module>
         DirectoryIndex index.php index.html
    
         <FilesMatch "\.php$">
                  SetHandler application/x-httpd-php
         </FilesMatch>

         <FilesMatch "\.phps$">
                  SetHandler application/x-httpd-php-source
         </FilesMatch>
</IfModule>

Save the changes and close the editor.

To verify if everything went well, it is necessary to make a sample file with some PHP code in the default Apache DocumentRoot.

nano /usr/local/www/apache24/data/info.php

And add

<?php
    phpinfo();
?>

Save the changes and close the editor. To apply all changes made, restart Apache.

service apache24 restart

Now open your web browser and go to http://your-server/info.php and you will see the following

So, PHP 8 is ready for work.

The post Install PHP 8 on FreeBSD appeared first on Linux Windows and android Tutorials.

According to the project website:

Apache Spark is a unified analytics engine for large-scale data processing.

Also, we can count on its maintenance and evolution to be carried out by prestigious working groups, and there will be great flexibility and interconnection with other Apache modules such as Hadoop, Hive, or Kafka.

Spark is used by a wide range of organizations to process large datasets. In fact, Since 2009, more than 1200 developers have contributed to Spark!

Learning Apache Spark is easy whether you come from a Java, Scala, Python, R, or SQL background.

Install Apache Spark on Debian 10

The installation of Apache Spark is quite simple and easier than you might think.

Install some required packages

So, connect via SSH to your server or open a terminal. To make sure there are no problems, update the distribution completely.

sudo apt update
sudo apt upgrade

After that, install Java on Debian 10.

sudo apt install default-jdk
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
The following additional packages will be installed:
  ca-certificates-java default-jdk-headless default-jre default-jre-headless fontconfig-config fonts-dejavu-core java-common libasound2 libasound2-data
  libavahi-client3 libavahi-common-data libavahi-common3 libcups2 libdrm-amdgpu1 libdrm-common libdrm-intel1 libdrm-nouveau2 libdrm-radeon1 libdrm2 libfontconfig1
  libgif7 libgl1 libgl1-mesa-dri libglapi-mesa libglvnd0 libglx-mesa0 libglx0 libjpeg62-turbo liblcms2-2 libllvm7 libnspr4 libnss3 libpciaccess0 libpcsclite1
  libsensors-config libsensors5 libx11-6 libx11-data libx11-xcb1 libxau6 libxcb-dri2-0 libxcb-dri3-0 libxcb-glx0 libxcb-present0 libxcb-sync1 libxcb1 libxdamage1
  libxdmcp6 libxext6 libxfixes3 libxi6 libxrender1 libxshmfence1 libxtst6 libxxf86vm1 openjdk-11-jdk openjdk-11-jdk-headless openjdk-11-jre openjdk-11-jre-headless
  x11-common
Suggested packages:
  libasound2-plugins alsa-utils cups-common liblcms2-utils pciutils pcscd lm-sensors openjdk-11-demo openjdk-11-source visualvm libnss-mdns fonts-dejavu-extra
  fonts-ipafont-gothic fonts-ipafont-mincho fonts-wqy-microhei | fonts-wqy-zenhei fonts-indic
Recommended packages:
  libxt-dev libatk-wrapper-java-jni fonts-dejavu-extra
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  ca-certificates-java default-jdk default-jdk-headless default-jre default-jre-headless fontconfig-config fonts-dejavu-core java-common libasound2 libasound2-data
  libavahi-client3 libavahi-common-data libavahi-common3 libcups2 libdrm-amdgpu1 libdrm-common libdrm-intel1 libdrm-nouveau2 libdrm-radeon1 libdrm2 libfontconfig1
  libgif7 libgl1 libgl1-mesa-dri libglapi-mesa libglvnd0 libglx-mesa0 libglx0 libjpeg62-turbo liblcms2-2 libllvm7 libnspr4 libnss3 libpciaccess0 libpcsclite1
  libsensors-config libsensors5 libx11-6 libx11-data libx11-xcb1 libxau6 libxcb-dri2-0 libxcb-dri3-0 libxcb-glx0 libxcb-present0 libxcb-sync1 libxcb1 libxdamage1
  libxdmcp6 libxext6 libxfixes3 libxi6 libxrender1 libxshmfence1 libxtst6 libxxf86vm1 openjdk-11-jdk openjdk-11-jdk-headless openjdk-11-jre openjdk-11-jre-headless
  x11-common
0 upgraded, 61 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
Need to get 294 MB of archives.
After this operation, 642 MB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n]

And verify that everything went well by displaying the installed version.

java --version
openjdk 11.0.9.1 2020-11-04
OpenJDK Runtime Environment (build 11.0.9.1+1-post-Debian-1deb10u2)
OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM (build 11.0.9.1+1-post-Debian-1deb10u2, mixed mode, sharing)

With Java running correctly, it’s time to install the Scala package on Debian 10.

sudo apt install scala

Check the version of Scala to make sure it was installed correctly.

scala -version
Scala code runner version 2.11.12 -- Copyright 2002-2017, LAMP/EPFL

With this, we are done with the Apache Spark dependencies.

Download and install Apache Spark on Debian 10

Now we can download the Apache Spark binary.

So, navigate to the /tmp/ folder and from there with the wget command to perform the download

cd /tmp
wget -c https://archive.apache.org/dist/spark/spark-3.0.2/spark-3.0.2-bin-hadoop2.7.tgz

then decompress it and move it to a safe location such as /opt/.

tar -xvzf spark-3.0.2-bin-hadoop2.7.tgz
sudo mv spark-3.0.2-bin-hadoop2.7/ /opt/spark

To use Apache Spark seamlessly from any location at the prompt, you need to add this path to the .bashrc file

nano ~/.bashrc

At the end of the file, add the following lines:

export SPARK_HOME=/opt/spark
export PATH=$PATH:$SPARK_HOME/bin:$SPARK_HOME/sbin

Save the changes and close the editor. To apply the changes run:

source ~/.bashrc

Now start Apache Spark with these commands, one of which is the master of the cluster

start-master.sh
starting org.apache.spark.deploy.master.Master, logging to /opt/spark/logs/spark-angelo-org.apache.spark.deploy.master.Master-1-osradar.out

And the slave, which in this case will be the same localhost, but you can replace it with the IP address or Domain of the computer.

start-slave.sh spark://localhost:7077
starting org.apache.spark.deploy.worker.Worker, logging to /opt/spark/logs/spark-angelo-org.apache.spark.deploy.worker.Worker-1-osradar.out

Now you can open a web browser and access the web interface via http://your-server:8080.

So, Apache Spark is working properly…

Conclusion

Apache Spark is easy to install on Debian 10 but so powerful that you can hardly believe it. With this tool, you can do a lot of things with a lot of data.

The post How to install Apache Spark on Debian 10 appeared first on Linux Windows and android Tutorials.

CouchDB is a database manager for the web. It takes care of saving and storing NoSQL type data for server-side applications. It is widely used and its learning curve is very low.

On the other hand, CouchDB places a lot of emphasis on data replication as a persistent way to obtain data. That is, we will be able to connect multiple nodes and from there do the replication.

Of course, there are a lot of features and reasons why this project of the Apache Foundation is so important today.

So, let us start.

Install CouchDB on Ubuntu 20.04

Apache CouchDB although it is an open-source application is not in the official Ubuntu repositories. But the installation is not complicated since there is a dedicated repository for Ubuntu.

So, open a terminal or start an SSH session on your server.

Then, update your entire distribution:

sudo apt update
sudo apt upgrade

Next, you can install some packages needed to complete this tutorial.

sudo apt-get install software-properties-common curl

Then, download and import the GPG key from the CouchDB repository.

curl -L https://couchdb.apache.org/repo/bintray-pubkey.asc | sudo apt-key add

Then we can add the repository:

echo "deb https://apache.bintray.com/couchdb-deb focal main" | sudo tee -a /etc/apt/sources.list

Then refresh APT to load the added repository:

sudo apt update

Now you can install CouchDB by running the following command:

sudo apt install couchdb
Reading package lists… Done
 Building dependency tree       
 Reading state information… Done
 The following additional packages will be installed:
   libmozjs-68-0
 The following NEW packages will be installed:
   couchdb libmozjs-68-0
 0 upgraded, 2 newly installed, 0 to remove and 1 not upgraded.
 Need to get 31.5 MB of archives.
 After this operation, 63.0 MB of additional disk space will be used.
 Do you want to continue? [Y/n]

During the installation, you will see some configuration screens.

The first one will ask you how to install CouchDB. It can be a single server or in the form of a Cluster. In this case, I will choose the first option:

Then you will have to configure the IP address where CouchDB will listen. As I am working with a remote server it is convenient to use either the IP address of the server or 0.0.0.0 to make it accessible from all interfaces.

Then configure a login password for the CouchDB user. You will have to enter it twice.

Afterward, the installation will be completed.

After the installation, you can check the status of the service.

sudo systemctl status couchdb
 ● couchdb.service - Apache CouchDB
      Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/couchdb.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
      Active: active (running) since Mon 2020-12-14 15:29:45 CET; 25s ago
    Main PID: 2092 (beam.smp)
       Tasks: 36 (limit: 2286)
      Memory: 34.4M
      CGroup: /system.slice/couchdb.service
              ├─2092 /opt/couchdb/bin/../erts-9.3.3.14/bin/beam.smp -K true -A 16 -Bd -- -root /opt/couchdb/bin/.. -progname couchdb -- -home /opt/couchdb -- -boot /opt/>
              ├─2109 /opt/couchdb/bin/../erts-9.3.3.14/bin/epmd -daemon
              ├─2127 erl_child_setup 65536
              ├─2149 inet_gethost 4
              └─2150 inet_gethost 4
 Dec 14 15:29:45 test systemd[1]: Started Apache CouchDB.

Access to the Apache CouchDB web interface

Now open your web browser and go to http://your-server:5984/_utils

Note: You have to open port 5984 in your firewall for this to work.

The next thing you will see is the log in screen.

The user is admin and the password is the one you defined during the installation.

When you log in you will see the entire CouchDB dashboard where you can create new databases and manage them.

Conclusion

Apache CouchDB is a database manager clearly focused on the professional environment, but this does not prevent it from being used in learning and personal environments. So today you have learned how to install it on a server with Ubuntu 20.04.

The post How to install CouchDB on Ubuntu 20.04? appeared first on Linux Windows and android Tutorials.

This stack also provides us with a functional server but with a different database manager like PostgreSQL. This database handler is maybe the most powerful in the world in open source. So it is normal that many want to make the change.

So, let’s start.

How to install LAPP on Ubuntu 20.04

1.- Install Apache web server on Ubuntu 20.04

The first step is to install the Apache webserver which is one of the most secure and reliable servers within Linux. Together with Nginx, they are one of the most popular in the world.

So, open a terminal or SSH session and run it:

sudo apt install apache2

Then, start the service and enable it to start with the system:

sudo systemctl start apache2
sudo systemctl enable apache2

Finally, you can open a web browser and go to the following address http://your-server or http://ip-server and you will see Apache’s default page.

This indicates that the installation has been successful.

2.- Install PHP on Ubuntu 20.04

Now the next component is PHP which is a very popular programming language in the web environment. Therefore, it must be installed along with some of its fundamental modules.

php7.4 libapache2-mod-php7.4 openssl php-imagick php7.4-common php7.4-curl php7.4-gd php7.4-imap php7.4-intl php7.4-json php7.4-ldap php7.4-mbstring php7.4-pgsql php-ssh2 php7.4-xml php7.4-zip unzip

Now to prove that PHP and Apache are working properly, let’s make a test file.

sudo nano /var/www/html/test.php

And add the following content:

Save the changes and close the editor.

Then restart Apache:

sudo systemctl restart apache2

Then open it from your web browser, for example http://your-server/test.php

If you manage to see a page with the PHP information, then both are working correctly.

3.- Install PostgreSQL on Ubuntu 20.04

PostgreSQL is one of the most advanced and modern relational database managers out there. It is always shown as the immediate competitor of MySQL and MariaDB in the segment of open source and community database managers.

One of the main advantages of using PostgreSQL is that it has extensive documentation and supports powerful features. All this in an open-source and free application.

Installing PostgreSQL is quite simple and we explain it in detail in this post:

How to install PostgreSQL on Ubuntu 20.04?

And so you have the LAPP stack ready to work.

Conclusion

The LAMP stack is one of the popular and famous ones that exist but it is not the only one. Now we present you an alternative that changes to MySQL / MariaDB by PostgreSQL in a fast and easy way and forming the LAPP stack that is quite used too

Thanks for reading

The post How to install LAPP (Apache + PHP + PostgreSQL) on Ubuntu 20.04 appeared first on Linux Windows and android Tutorials.

Apache Tomcat

Java and its multipurpose language and that make it so good and useful to learn. Well, after coding your web application, it gets to the point where you have to deploy it. To do this, it requires a server that can interpret that Java code. Remember that we are talking about web applications. And to deploy and serve it, nothing like Apache Tomcat.

Estricatemente speaking Tomcat is not a server but transforms the caught JPS into servlets that can serve the application in question.

On the other hand, Apache Tomcat is open source and can be installed on any system running Java.

Deploy Apache Tomcat with Docker Compose

1.- Install Docker on Linux

The first step is to have Docker installed in the system, obviously.

• If you are using Ubuntu: How to install Docker on Ubuntu 18.04?
• Or Ubuntu 20.04: How to install Docker on Ubuntu 20.04?
• For CentOS 8: How to install Docker on CentOS 8?
• For CentOS 7: How to install Docker CE on CentOS 7?
• If you use Windows: How to install Docker in Windows 10?
• Or, if you are using Debian 10: How to install Docker on Debian 10?

And using your distribution’s package manager, you can install Docker Compose. For example:

:~$ sudo apt docker-compose

For Debian, Ubuntu, and derivatives.

:~$ sudo dnf install docker-compose

Or, for RHEL, CentOS and derivatives.

2.- Create the docker-compose file

Spreading Apache Tomcat using the official Docker image is quite easy. In this case, we will use the latest version available but we will also add a MariaDB image so that if your application requires it you can use it without problems.

So, create the file called docker-compose.yml and add the following content:

version: '2'
services:
      tomcat:
         image: 'tomcat:9.0.39'
         restart: on-failure:3
         ports:
             - '8080:8080'
         volumes:
             - './tomcat-users.xml:/opt/bitnami/tomcat/conf/tomcat-users.xml:rw'
             - './context.xml:/usr/local/tomcat/conf/Catalina/localhost/manager.xml:rw'
             - './context.xml:/usr/local/tomcat/conf/Catalina/localhost/host-manager.xml:rw'
             - '.[.war_path]:/usr/local/tomcat/webapps/project.war
             - '.[project_folder_path]:/usr/local/tomcat/webapps/myproject

      mariadb:
         image: mariadb:latest
         restart: unless-stopped
         environment:
             - MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD= angelo
             - MYSQL_DATABASE= tomcat
         volumes:
             - /home/angelo/mysql:/var/lib/mysql

volumes:
tomcat_data:
driver: local

And let’s explain some things.

First, we will expose port 8080 of the host for Tomcat to use. That remains the same. But in Volume, we can define our local configuration files to be read by Tomcat. This is optional but can be useful.

Also inside the Volume section, you can reference the war file of your project as well as the project folder.

Replace each value with your own, for example, paths and filenames. As well as the port you want to expose.

In the case of MariaDB, everything is even simpler, because the configuration is very clear. In the end, replace the directory /home/angelo/mysql with the one you want to have access to the data.

Save the changes and close the file.

Before running it, you have to create the necessary directories and files.

If you don’t have the file tomcat-users.xml, create it

nano tomcat-users.xml

And add:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<tomcat-users xmlns="http://tomcat.apache.org/xml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://tomcat.apache.org/xml tomcat-users.xsd"
version="1.0">
<role rolename="manager-gui"/>
<role rolename="admin-gui"/>
<user username="admin" password="angelo123" roles="manager-gui,admin-gui"/>
</tomcat-users>

Replace username and password with your own.

Also, the folder for MariaDB data:

mkdir /home/angelo/mysql

Again, replace it with yours.

3.- Running Docker Compose

Now yes, with everything ready we can perform docker compose.

sudo docker-compose up -d

And then, you can open your browser and access your applications http://your-server:8080

If you do not upload any project, you will see the following screen:

This is not an error, it just indicates that there is no project uploaded. This means that Apache Tomcat is ready for you to deploy applications.

Conclusion

With Docker we can do wonders quickly and easily thanks to docker compose. So today you have learned how to deploy Apache Tomcat.

So, share this post and join our Telegram channel and our Facebook page. Also, buy us a coffee 😉

The post Deploy Apache Tomcat with Docker Compose appeared first on Linux Windows and android Tutorials.

Apache Tomcat

Java and its multipurpose language and that make it so good and useful to learn. Well, after coding your web application, it gets to the point where you have to deploy it. To do this, it requires a server that can interpret that Java code. Remember that we are talking about web applications. And to deploy and serve it, nothing like Apache Tomcat.

Estricatemente speaking Tomcat is not a server but transforms the caught JPS into servlets that can serve the application in question.

On the other hand, Apache Tomcat is open source and can be installed on any system running Java.

Install Apache Tomcat on Ubuntu 20.04 / Debian 10

1) Install and configure Java on Ubuntu 20.04 / Debian 10

Apache Tomcat is an application made with Java. Therefore, the first step is to install Java on Debian 10.

Open a terminal session and run the following:

:~$ sudo apt install default-jre default-jdk

Then, check the java version.

:~$ java --version
openjdk 11.0.3 2019-04-16
OpenJDK Runtime Environment (build 11.0.3+7-post-Debian-5)
OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM (build 11.0.3+7-post-Debian-5, mixed mode, sharing)

As you can see, Java version 11 has been installed. It is one of the most recent and with very good support.

Now, you have to modify the /etc/environment file and add the Java path.

:~$ sudo nano /etc/environment

And add the following:

JAVA_HOME="/usr/lib/jvm/java-11-openjdk-amd64/"

Save the changes and close the file.

The next step is to edit the .bashrc file and add the following:

:~$ sudo nano .bashrc

export JAVA_HOME="/usr/lib/jvm/java-11-openjdk-amd64/"
export PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH

Again, save the changes and close the file.

Next, refresh the bash.

:~$ source .bashrc

Now, type this command to test the Java path.

:~$ echo $JAVA_HOME
/usr/lib/jvm/java-11-openjdk-amd64/bin/java

So, if you got the Java path from your computer, everything is correct.

2) Install Apache Tomcat on Ubunut 20.04 / Debian 10

For security reasons, it is convenient to create a new user for Tomcat. Also, add it to a group called tomcat.

:~$ sudo -i
:~# groupadd tomcat
:~# useradd -s /bin/false -g tomcat -d /opt/tomcat tomcat

Now we can install Apache Tomcat. To do this, go to the /opt/ folder and download with wget.

:~# cd /opt/
:~# wget -c https://downloads.apache.org/tomcat/tomcat-9/v9.0.39/bin/apache-tomcat-9.0.39.tar.gz
--2020-10-28 19:23:24-- https://downloads.apache.org/tomcat/tomcat-9/v9.0.39/bin/apache-tomcat-9.0.39.tar.gz
Resolving downloads.apache.org (downloads.apache.org)... 88.99.95.219, 2a01:4f8:10a:201a::2
Connecting to downloads.apache.org (downloads.apache.org)|88.99.95.219|:443... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 11282879 (11M) [application/x-gzip]
Saving to: ‘apache-tomcat-9.0.39.tar.gz’
apache-tomcat-9.0.39.tar.gz 100%[=====================================================================================>] 10.76M 157KB/s in 1m 49s
2020-10-28 19:25:15 (101 KB/s) - ‘apache-tomcat-9.0.39.tar.gz’ saved [11282879/11282879]

Then, decompress it and rename the folder.

:~# tar -xzvf apache-tomcat-9.0.39.tar.gz
:~# mv apache-tomcat-9.0.39 tomcat

After that, you need to change the owner of the folder and assign the required permissions so that it can run smoothly. Remember that now, we are using the root user.

:~# chown -R tomcat:tomcat /opt/tomcat/
:~# chmod +x /opt/tomcat/bin/*

Now, on the .bashrc file add the CATALINA_HOME path.

:~# nano ~/.bashrc
export CATALINA_HOME=/opt/tomcat

Save the changes and close the file.

Then, refresh bash.

:~# source ~/.bashrc

After that, we can run Apache Tomcat. To do it, just type this command:

:~# /opt/tomcat/bin/startup.sh

Next, open your web browser ad go http://your-server:8080. And you will see this.

If you want to set a password to improve security of the manager web app. So, open the tomcat-users.xml

:~# nano /opt/tomcat/conf/tomcat-users.xml

In the tomcat-user section, you have to add the username and password.

<role rolename="manager-gui"/>
<user username="XXXXXX" password="XXXXXXX" roles="manager-gui,admin-gui"/>

Of course, replace the password for yours.

Then, restart Tomcat.

:~# ./shutdown.sh
:~# ./startup.sh

And go to the web browser again. Next, refresh the page. And that is it.

Conclusion

Apache Tomcat is the best solution to deploy and serve web applications made with Java. So if you program in Java, you should learn how to manipulate Tomcat. As you have learned in this post, it is not very complex to learn how to install it in  Ubuntu 20.04 / Debian 10.

Please share this post with your friends and join our Telegram channel.

The post How to install Apache Tomcat on Ubuntu 20.04 / Debian 10? appeared first on Linux Windows and android Tutorials.