What is free software?

Its definition is associated with the birth of the free software movement. This was spearheaded by Richard Stallman and the founding of the Free Software Foundation. Free software is any software whose source code can be freely studied, modified and used for any purpose. It is even possible to copy and redistribute the program with or without changes.

In other words, this type of software gives the freedom to any person or organization to use a program for any kind of work. In addition, there is no obligation to communicate it to a developer or any specific entity.

What are the 4 freedoms of free software?

For a program to be free software, it must have four freedoms:

Freedom 0: to use the program for any purpose

The freedom to run the program for any purpose is about every user being free to use the software in:

• Any computer system;
• For any type of work and purpose;
• Without obligation to communicate to any specific entity or to the programmer.

In other words, the user is not forbidden or prevented from executing it. Indeed, what matters is its purpose and not that of the programmer.

Freedom 1: to study how the program works and to be able to modify it

To have freedoms 1 and 3 it is necessary to have access to the source code. Consequently, this is a fundamental condition for free software. Now, Freedom 1 is the freedom to use the modified version (according to the user’s wishes and needs) instead of the original one.

Freedom 2: to distribute copies of the program to any person or organization

The freedom to distribute the program (Freedoms 2 and 3) means that users are free to redistribute and share copies with or without modifications. In addition, without the need to ask or pay for permission to do so. In addition, programs can be distributed free of charge or for a fee.

Freedom 3: to improve the program and share the improvements for the benefit of all.

Freedom 3 makes it possible to improve the program – and, like freedom 2 – makes it possible to share and release modified versions as free software. Thus, benefiting the people or organizations that use it.

Is Free Software and Open Source the same thing?

The answer is: no. Certainly Open Source and Free Software pursue the common goal of bringing greater freedom and transparency to the software world. However, they differ in the way in which each carries out this action.

Therefore, the main difference lies in the fact that free software prioritizes ethical and moral issues related to the software, leaving the technical aspect as a secondary point.

On the other hand, open source emphasizes the technical aspects as a priority before any moral discussion about licenses and rights. Furthermore, not all Open Source software has to be free, but all products and their derivatives developed in Open Source must be free.

5 advantages of open source software

Development and continuous improvement

The fact that the source code can be accessed allows many people to review and test the code and, as a consequence, not only is there a better result, but also the security is far superior to proprietary software.

On the other hand, the free software is attended among many users who directly evaluate the failures or faults that the program presents. Therefore, you do not have to wait for the manufacturer to release an update or a corrected version. Therefore, this allows to reduce the time it takes to solve problems.

Enables technological independence

By not being dependent on the major software manufacturers, users can decide whether system migrations or upgrades are necessary. By the same token, you do not have to submit to decisions imposed by that manufacturer.

Savings in the acquisition, maintenance, and renewal of technologies

It is much more economical to upgrade or mass install open source software than proprietary software.

Moreover, by not having to invest in annual licenses, users can save money or use it to acquire other necessary software linked to the company’s service.

Allows copying of software

As we mentioned before with the freedoms, we can copy free software. Therefore, without the need to acquire new licenses, it can be distributed to all those who need it.

Provides autonomy

Users have control over the source code, so with free software you have absolute freedom to use the program for any purpose. In addition, without restrictions and adapt it to the needs of each company.

Conclusion

This software usually requires technical knowledge that is not common among computer users. Therefore, it is necessary that if you are going to integrate it to your company, you have a person who knows about this world. Especially to help you analyze and select those tools that will be useful to you. In addition, he/she must have the knowledge and ability to update and adapt based on the needs of the organization.

The post What is free software? appeared first on Linux Windows and android Tutorials.

What is a virtual machine?

A virtual machine (VM) is a software implementation of a computer that runs on another computer. This way, allowing multiple operating systems to run on the same physical machine. It provides a virtualized environment for running applications, which are isolated from the host operating system and other VMs.

How a virtual machine works?

A virtual machine works by using a hypervisor, also known as a virtual machine monitor, to virtualize the underlying hardware of a physical computer. The hypervisor creates virtual devices and emulates their behavior. This way, it can to provide a virtual environment for the operating system and applications running within the VM. The VM communicates with the hypervisor, which in turn communicates with the physical hardware. So it allows the VM to access physical resources such as CPU, memory, and storage. This allows multiple VMs to run on the same physical machine. Also, each one with its own operating system and applications, without interfering with each other.

What are the advantages of using a virtual machine?

Some advantages of using a virtual machine include:

• Isolation: VMs provide a layer of isolation between the host operating system and applications. Therefore, reducing the risk of contamination or system instability.
• Cost-effectiveness: VMs can be a cost-effective solution for running multiple operating systems and applications on the same physical machine. This way reducing the need for multiple physical computers.
• Portability: VMs can be easily moved between physical machines, making it easier to migrate to new hardware or to recover from a failure.
• Compatibility: VMs can run older or incompatible applications, allowing them to continue to be used even on newer hardware or operating systems.
• Test environment: VMs are available to create a safe and controlled environment for testing new software or configurations without affecting the host operating system

Disadvantages of working with virtual machines

Some disadvantages of working with virtual machines include:

• Performance: VMs can have lower performance compared to running directly on physical hardware, as they must share the physical resources of the host machine.
• Resource utilization: Running multiple VMs on a single physical machine can consume a large amount of resources. Especially memory and storage.
• Complexity: Virtualization can introduce additional complexity to an IT environment, requiring specialized knowledge and skills to manage and maintain the virtual infrastructure.
• Licensing costs: Some virtualization platforms and operating systems have additional licensing costs that can add to the overall cost of implementing virtualization.
• Security: VMs can be vulnerable to security threats just like physical computers. Therefore, additional security measures may be required to secure the virtual environment.

What are the requirements for Windows to run virtual machines?

The requirements for Windows to run virtual machines are:

• A 64-bit processor with Second Level Address Translation (SLAT)
• At least 4 GB of RAM
• At least 64 GB of free hard disk space
• Hyper-V and Containers Windows features enabled
• Windows 10/11 Pro or Enterprise (64-bit) version 1909 or later
• A GPU with WDDM 2.0 driver for GPU acceleration (optional)

What is Hyper V, the virtualization module for windows?

Hyper-V is a native hypervisor from Microsoft that provides virtualization technology for creating and running virtual machines on Windows operating systems. It allows multiple operating systems to run on a single physical machine. In the same way, providing isolation and security for each virtual machine and enabling efficient utilization of hardware resources. With Hyper-V, users can create and manage virtual machines. Also configuring virtual switches, storage, and network interfaces, and monitor virtual machine performance and resource usage. It is available as a feature in Windows 10/11 Pro and Enterprise editions.

What are the most used virtualization software?

The most widely used virtualization software are:

• VMware vSphere
• Microsoft Hyper-V
• Citrix XenServer
• Oracle VirtualBox
• Red Hat Virtualization (RHV)
• Proxmox Virtual Environment
• KVM (Kernel-based Virtual Machine)
• AWS (Amazon Web Services)
• Google Compute Engine
• Alibaba Cloud Elastic Compute Service (ECS)

They are certainly the most popular. However, we will highlight those most commonly used in Windows environment. Previously, we talked about Hyper V. Therefore, we will start with Virtual Box.

Oracle Virtual Box

VirtualBox is a free and open-source virtualization software for x86 and AMD64/Intel64-based computers. It allows users to run multiple operating systems on a single physical machine. Also, each one in its own virtual environment. Moreover, providing isolation and security for each virtual machine. VirtualBox provides a user-friendly interface for creating, configuring and managing virtual machines.

In addition, including support for storage and network interfaces, and can be used for a wide range of purposes including software development, testing, and personal use. It can run on various host operating systems including Windows, macOS, Linux, and Solaris, and supports a wide range of guest operating systems including Windows, Linux, and BSD distributions.

VMware vSphere

VMware vSphere is a comprehensive enterprise-class virtualization platform. It provides a centralized management solution for virtual infrastructure. Moreover, it is used for creating, deploying and managing virtual machines, networks, and storage resources. With vSphere, IT organizations can pool and allocate shared resources to virtual machines and application. With this in mind, enabling efficient utilization of hardware resources, high availability, and disaster recovery.

vSphere includes features such as live migration of virtual machines, storage and network resource management, and multi-hypervisor support, as well as a robust security model and a powerful API for integration with other management tools. It is widely used in data centers and cloud environments for virtualizing business-critical applications, and is available as a standalone product or as part of the VMware Cloud Foundation, a unified SDDC platform for deploying and managing a hybrid cloud.

Very well, in this way we have seen what Virtual Machines are. We also check what are the advantages and disadvantages of using them. We also learned how they work. Furthermore, we saw which are the most used ones, plus what you need to run them on Windows.

The post What is a virtual machine? appeared first on Linux Windows and android Tutorials.

Linux applications will run on Windows with their own graphical interface.

The approach of Windows to GNU/Linux has its history. In fact, the Ubuntu bash is already 5 years old inside Windows 10. And it has not stopped growing. On the other hand, WSL had an important limitation. In effect, we could only use text commands inside the console. There were certainly ways to run Linux apps graphically. However, they were cumbersome solutions. Now, this support is native to Windows 10. For the time being, Microsoft has named this feature WSLg. As a result, we will be able to run various development environments on Windows. But also other types of applications with their conventional graphical interface.

In fact, the support goes even further. It extends to Linux applications with GPU-accelerated 3D graphics support. Although the support is preliminary, it is irrefutable proof of the future. A future in which Windows 10 will merge with GNU/Linux distributions. In particular, you can use Linux apps to test and develop tools. But counting on the graphics section. The module will automatically start a system distribution. This system will have a Wayland server, X, and an audio server. In short, all the necessary elements for Linux GUI applications to communicate with Windows.

The Redmond company has announced that this option will be available to members of the inside program. Specifically, the 21364 builds. The future is already here. Here you found out that Windows 10 can now run Linux apps with a graphical interface.

The post Windows 10 can now run Linux apps with a graphical interface. appeared first on Linux Windows and android Tutorials.

Fedora has an upgrade process that is quite easy to learn. Although it is always recommended to do installations from scratch, it is possible to upgrade without doing a clean upgrade.

In this respect, Fedora is one of the safest distributions to upgrade to, although there is always a risk involved. So let’s get started.

Migrating from Fedora 33 to Fedora 34

First of all, I would like to say the following:

The process is quite safe but I recommend you to make a backup of all your files as well as uninstall all third-party software to avoid incompatibilities.

On the other hand, the fastest and most efficient method is to do it via terminal so this is the way we will use.

Open a terminal from the main menu or connect via SSH to your computer.

Then, with the help of the sudo command, change to the root user of the system.

sudo -i

Then make sure that the whole system is fully up to date before starting the process.

dnf --refresh upgrade

Depending on what is needed, this process may take longer or shorter, but in any case, it is necessary to upgrade the system.

At the end of the process, you have to reboot the system. This is to ensure that all upgrades are applied.

reboot

After this, install the dnf-plugin-system-upgrade package which allows you to upgrade using DNF.

dnf install dnf-plugin-system-upgrade --best

With this package, we can now start the upgrade process.

dnf system-upgrade download --refresh --releasever=34

The --releasever=34 option states that we will upgrade to version 34 which is the next higher version than 33 which is where we will be migrating from.

Upon executing the command, we will be asked if we are sure to perform the process:

Before you continue ensure that your system is fully upgraded by running "dnf --refresh upgrade". Do you want to continue [y/N]: y

Applying the changes

Then the whole process of downloading and installing the new packages will start.

When the process is finished, you will get an output screen similar to this:

Running transaction check
Transaction check succeeded.
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded.
Complete!
Transaction saved to /var/lib/dnf/system-upgrade/system-upgrade-transaction.json.
Download complete! Use 'dnf system-upgrade reboot' to start the upgrade.
To remove cached metadata and transaction use 'dnf system-upgrade clean'
The downloaded packages were saved in cache until the next successful transaction.
You can remove cached packages by executing 'dnf clean packages'.

Now to apply the change and upgrade you need to run the command:

dnf system-upgrade reboot

This will reboot the operating system and boot will apply all the changes. The process will take time according to the capabilities of your computer and the number of packages you have installed.

Afterwards, the system will continue to run and you can check if the process was successful by running the following command from a terminal

cat /etc/fedora-release

Output:

Fedora release 34 (Thirty Four)

So, enjoy Fedora 34.

The post Migrate from Fedora 33 to Fedora 34 appeared first on Linux Windows and android Tutorials.

Laravel: API-based for all types of backends

We are talking about one of the most known and used frameworks to create backends. In addition, it works with PHP language, which is very well known. Laravel offers an extensive API with excellent features. Which allows you to create web pages quickly with stable performance and easy to maintain. Some of its main features are:

• Allows you to add a secure and robust authentication system in a very simple way.
• Makes web pages much faster thanks to its internal cache.
• Allows controlling vulnerabilities and other bugs in a much easier way than with other alternatives.

Spring Web MVC: uses Java to query databases

Spring is based on the Servlet API. Therefore, it is based on Java. Moreover, it is specially designed to send requests to a database or to other servers. In addition, it allows you to configure the view resolution and take care of controlling the regional configuration of the web. Finally, it manages the theme and the file upload from the frontend. Among its main characteristics are:

• Each of the framework functions is properly separated and isolated from everything else. Thus, the controller, validator, modeler, etc. do not interfere in the operation of the others. This is possible thanks to DispatcherServlet
• It offers great configuration possibilities.
• Advanced filters that allow sending requests via GET, POST, PUT, PATCH and DELETE.
• It has a system of simulations to check that everything works correctly.

Ruby on Rails: a fast, simple and powerful framework

Ruby on Rails is another of the most popular and widely used web development frameworks. As its name suggests, it is programmed in Ruby, so it is organized in objects. Additionally, it has a very clear and light structure. You can hire Ruby on Rails developers to increase the adaptability of the program for all types of infrastructures. Some of its main features are:

• Web applications are supported by the MVC pattern.
• It requires less code than other frameworks, which allows us to create web applications in 30% to 40% less time.
• It avoids code repetition and, therefore, reduces the information inside the system and the probability of errors. This is made possible by Don’t Repeat Yourself.
• The code is fully scalable, so we can adjust it according to our needs.
• It has very secure life cycles.

ASP.NET: Microsoft’s technology for everyone.

When using .NET we are logically talking about Microsoft. This is a free, multiplatform and open source framework. Its main function is to create all kinds of web applications and services in .NET and C#. In addition, it is able to run on Windows, macOS and Linux. When running on Windows, it uses Windows Forms, WPF and UWP for creating web applications. Here are some of its main features:

• Allows programming from almost any operating system.
• Improved performance.
• Use of several versions in parallel.

In the following lines, we will continue to explore the best open source frameworks to create a website.

Cake PHP: very fast framework for creating PHP apps

This PHP framework allows users to have a very fast development. Which is essential for the creation of web applications. It also offers a fast and structured working method. And it has tools that allow to code logically all the content of the application. Let’s take a look at some of its main features:

• It allows to build a prototype very easily.
• It has an MIT license, so we can create without problems all kinds of commercial applications.
• Furthermore, it has a lot of integrated tools that allow to improve the creation of web applications. Thus, it is possible to manage translations, input validation, SQL, XSS and CSRF protection, database access and an internal cache to improve performance.

Django: The ideal framework to make things fast.

If you are short on time, this is the best framework to use. Django is based on Python. And because of its nature, it is meant to create web applications quickly with as little code as possible. The apps created with it stand out for their clean and intuitive design. Here are some features.

• It allows the creation of rich and dynamic APIs for the use of databases.
• It has a very complex authentication system based on user, groups, permissions and sessions.
• Helps development to be free of security flaws, offering protection against clickjacking, SQL injections, remote code execution and more.

In this way we have seen the best open source frameworks to create a website. We always strive to show you the best options for your benefit. Bye!

The post The best open source frameworks to create a website. appeared first on Linux Windows and android Tutorials.

According to the application’s website:

Openfire is a real-time collaboration (RTC) server licensed under the Open Source Apache License. It uses the only widely adopted open protocol for instant messaging, XMPP Openfire is incredibly easy to setup and administer, but offers rock-solid security and performance.

Thanks to this application we can create our own chat system in an internal network or with internet access. In this way, it joins a long list of professional applications with which we can work in an organization.

Install OpenFire on Debian 10

The installation process consists of several parts to achieve the goal.

So, open a terminal or connect via SSH to the DEbian server and update the system.

sudo apt update
sudo apt upgrade

Now you have to visit the OpenFire download site to find out which is the latest version of the program.

At the time of writing this post, the latest stable version is 4.6.2 which can be downloaded using various formats. To simplify the installation process we will opt to download the DEB package with the wget command. You can also download it on a client computer and upload it to the server.

wget https://www.igniterealtime.org/downloadServlet?filename=openfire/openfire_4.6.2_all.deb -O openfire.deb

Remember that this command will vary depending on the version of OpenFire.

Running the above command will download the file and rename it to oepnfire.deb which we need to install.

sudo apt install ./openfire.deb
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
Note, selecting 'openfire' instead of './openfire.deb'
The following additional packages will be installed:
  ca-certificates-java default-jre-headless fontconfig-config fonts-dejavu-core java-common libasound2 libasound2-data libavahi-client3 libavahi-common-data
  libavahi-common3 libcups2 libfontconfig1 libjpeg62-turbo liblcms2-2 libnspr4 libnss3 libpcsclite1 libx11-6 libx11-data libxau6 libxcb1 libxdmcp6 libxext6 libxi6
  libxrender1 libxtst6 openjdk-11-jre-headless x11-common
Suggested packages:
  default-jre libasound2-plugins alsa-utils cups-common liblcms2-utils pcscd libnss-mdns fonts-dejavu-extra fonts-ipafont-gothic fonts-ipafont-mincho
  fonts-wqy-microhei | fonts-wqy-zenhei fonts-indic
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  ca-certificates-java default-jre-headless fontconfig-config fonts-dejavu-core java-common libasound2 libasound2-data libavahi-client3 libavahi-common-data
  libavahi-common3 libcups2 libfontconfig1 libjpeg62-turbo liblcms2-2 libnspr4 libnss3 libpcsclite1 libx11-6 libx11-data libxau6 libxcb1 libxdmcp6 libxext6 libxi6
  libxrender1 libxtst6 openfire openjdk-11-jre-headless x11-common
0 upgraded, 29 newly installed, 0 to remove and 5 not upgraded.
Need to get 43.7 MB/86.9 MB of archives.
After this operation, 239 MB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n]

OpenFire depends on Java so during the installation process it will also install Java and other packages. But this will be taken care of by APT.

At the end of the process, a new system service will be created to manage the application. The first thing you have to do is to start and enable the service to start with the system.

sudo systemctl enable --now openfire
openfire.service is not a native service, redirecting to systemd-sysv-install.
Executing: /lib/systemd/systemd-sysv-install enable openfire

And check the status

sudo systemctl status openfire

Output:

● openfire.service - LSB: Start/stop openfire jabber server
   Loaded: loaded (/etc/init.d/openfire; generated)
   Active: active (running) since Fri 2021-03-12 14:49:16 CET; 48s ago
     Docs: man:systemd-sysv-generator(8)
    Tasks: 26 (limit: 2296)
   Memory: 110.1M
   CGroup: /system.slice/openfire.service
           └─3416 /bin/java -server -DopenfireHome=/usr/share/openfire -Dlog4j.configurationFile=/usr/share/openfire/lib/log4j2.xml -Dopenfire.lib.dir=/usr/share/openfir

Mar 12 14:49:15 osradar systemd[1]: Starting LSB: Start/stop openfire jabber server...
Mar 12 14:49:16 osradar openfire[3408]: best java alternative in:
Mar 12 14:49:16 osradar openfire[3408]: Starting openfire: openfire.
Mar 12 14:49:16 osradar systemd[1]: Started LSB: Start/stop openfire jabber server.

Install MariaDB on Debian 10

OpenFire has its own database driver, but it is also possible to use MariaDB / MySQL or PostgreSQL which increases the performance of the application but the flexibility.

So, install it with the following command:

sudo apt install mariadb-server

Then, configure it:

sudo mysql_secure_installation

Then create a new database and user for OpenFire:

sudo mysql -u root -p
CREATE DATABASE openfire;
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON openfire.* TO 'openfire'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'password';
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
exit;

Replace the fields with the data you want and set a strong password.

Now upload the default OpenFire data to the created database

sudo mysql -u openfire -p'password'

Replace 'password' with your password

Inside the MariaDB shell, switch to the created database and load the data:

USE openfire;
source /usr/share/openfire/resources/database/openfire_mysql.sql;

And to verify the changes, you can run:

SHOW tables;

And there you should see all the tables loaded.

Open the OpenFire ports

There are many ports that we have to open in the firewall for OpenFire to work properly.

So, start opening them:

sudo ufw allow 9090
sudo ufw allow 9091
sudo ufw allow 5222
sudo ufw allow 7777

This should get the application working.

Complete the installation

Now, you have to open a web browser and go to http://your-domain:9090 and you will see the following screen

Select the language of the installation and click Continue.

Then set the server options. There you will be able to configure the XMMP domain and define other ports to replace the default ones.

Next, you can choose to use the internal database driver or an external one as we have done. So, choose the first option.

In this step, you have to configure the database connection. Select MySQL and in the url modify the values of hostname and database name.

Database URL:jdbc:mysql://localhost/openfire?useUnicode=true characterEncoding=UTF-8&characterSetResults=UTF-8

Below define the username and password for the OpenFire user we have created.

You can also configure the database connections.

If the connection is successful, you will see the profile options.

Next, you have to create an administrator account with an email and password.

In the end, you will see this message indicating that everything went well.

Then go to the login screen

and finally, you will be in the OpenFire control panel.

So, enjoy it.

Conclusion

OpenFire helps us with a very common task in all modern organizations. Creating an XMMP server can be very useful and help us with our tasks.

The post Install OpenFire server on Debian 10 appeared first on Linux Windows and android Tutorials.

OpenSUSE Leap vs Tumbleweed

OpenSUSE Leap features a level of stability unmatched by any other distribution: better security, better testing, and much more free, open-source software unique to SUSE and OpenSUSE. It brings a huge variety of the newest software, convenient migration to SLE, transactional updates, server roles, scalable images for the cloud and Linux laptops. Let’s say it’s the fully stable version of the family. It is also recommended in case you want to use it without any problems and do not expect any surprises.

The main advantage is the stability but the packages are older and are not updated frequently. For users who want more new features while sacrificing a bit of stability, OpenSUSE Tumbleweed is born.

The Tumbleweed distribution is a pure rolling release version (with continuous development, no periodic releases) that offers stable versions of all software instead of rigid periodic release cycles. This project is for users who want the latest but stable software.

OpenSUSE Tumbleweed is distributed with an iso image that we can install normally but it is also possible to jump from Leap.

Making the process

Note: The process is safe but not free of bugs and some instability that may affect your system. So make a backup and make sure you really want to do the process.

So, I open a terminal and check that I am running OpenSUSE Leap using neofetch

sudo zypper in neofetch

neofetch

Now proceed to upgrade the distro completely

sudo zypper up

After this, make a backup of the current repositories.

sudo mkdir /etc/zypp/repos.d/old
sudo mv /etc/zypp/repos.d/*.repo /etc/zypp/repos.d/old

You don’t want to add any more or use any third party repositories.

Now add the official Tumbleweed repositories:

sudo zypper ar -f -c http://download.opensuse.org/tumbleweed/repo/oss repo-oss
sudo zypper ar -f -c http://download.opensuse.org/tumbleweed/repo/non-oss repo-non-oss
sudo zypper ar -f -c http://download.opensuse.org/update/tumbleweed/ repo-update
sudo zypper ar -f -c http://download.opensuse.org/tumbleweed/repo/debug repo-debug

Actually, the last repository is not mandatory but recommended.

The repositories loaded on the system should be there before you start the process of switching to Tumbleweed.

sudo zypper lr -u

And perform the process by running:

sudo zypper dup

There will be a lot of changes so be patient.

When finished, reboot the system to complete the process.

Then view the change with neofecth.

So, enjoy it

The post How to switch from OpenSUSE Leap to Tumbleweed? appeared first on Linux Windows and android Tutorials.

Introducing to Jellyfin

Jellyfin is the volunteer-built media solution that puts you in control of your media. Stream to any device from your own server, with no strings attached. Your media, your server, your way.

The app enables you to collect, manage, and stream your media. Run the Jellyfin server on your system and gain access to the leading free-software entertainment system, bells and whistles included.

So if you have a lot of media files and you want to have them always at hand, then Jellyfin is the best for you.

Install Jellyfin on Ubuntu 20.04

Installing Jellyfin is possible thanks to a repository that we have to add to do the process. So, let’s get started.

First, open a terminal and upgrade Ubuntu

sudo apt update
sudo apt upgrade

After that, you need to enable the Ubuntu universe repository. This is because Jellyfin requires dependencies to be loosened in that repository.

sudo add-apt-repository universe

Then install a package called apt-transport-https that will help add the Jellyfin repository.

sudo apt install apt-transport-https

After that, you can download and add the GPG key from the official repository of the application

wget -O - https://repo.jellyfin.org/ubuntu/jellyfin_team.gpg.key | sudo apt-key add -
--2021-03-06 17:13:36--  https://repo.jellyfin.org/ubuntu/jellyfin_team.gpg.key
Resolving repo.jellyfin.org (repo.jellyfin.org)... 2604:a880:cad:d0::cf3:f001, 68.183.204.194
Connecting to repo.jellyfin.org (repo.jellyfin.org)|2604:a880:cad:d0::cf3:f001|:443... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 3078 (3.0K) [application/octet-stream]
Saving to: ‘STDOUT’

-                                          100%[=====================================================================================>]   3.01K  --.-KB/s    in 0s      

2021-03-06 17:13:36 (127 MB/s) - written to stdout [3078/3078]

OK

This process ensures that we can install applications from the repository. Making the system more and more secure.

Now yes, add the Jellyfin repository.

echo "deb [arch=$( dpkg --print-architecture )] https://repo.jellyfin.org/ubuntu $( lsb_release -c -s ) main" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/jellyfin.list

deb [arch=amd64] https://repo.jellyfin.org/ubuntu focal main

And refresh APT so that the process can complete.

sudo apt update

Now you can install the application by running

sudo apt install jellyfin
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
The following additional packages will be installed:
  fontconfig-config fonts-dejavu-core jellyfin-ffmpeg jellyfin-server jellyfin-web libass9 libbluray2 libcairo2 libdrm-intel1 libfontconfig1 libgraphite2-3
  libharfbuzz0b libmp3lame0 libopus0 libpciaccess0 libpixman-1-0 libtheora0 libvdpau1 libvorbisenc2 libvpx6 libwebp6 libwebpmux3 libx11-6 libx11-data libx264-155
  libx265-179 libxau6 libxcb-render0 libxcb-shm0 libxcb1 libxdmcp6 libxext6 libxrender1 libzvbi-common libzvbi0 ocl-icd-libopencl1
Suggested packages:
  libbluray-bdj opus-tools opencl-icd
Recommended packages:
  libaacs0 vdpau-driver-all | vdpau-driver
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  fontconfig-config fonts-dejavu-core jellyfin jellyfin-ffmpeg jellyfin-server jellyfin-web libass9 libbluray2 libcairo2 libdrm-intel1 libfontconfig1 libgraphite2-3
  libharfbuzz0b libmp3lame0 libopus0 libpciaccess0 libpixman-1-0 libtheora0 libvdpau1 libvorbisenc2 libvpx6 libwebp6 libwebpmux3 libx11-6 libx11-data libx264-155
  libx265-179 libxau6 libxcb-render0 libxcb-shm0 libxcb1 libxdmcp6 libxext6 libxrender1 libzvbi-common libzvbi0 ocl-icd-libopencl1
0 upgraded, 37 newly installed, 0 to remove and 20 not upgraded.
Need to get 93.4 MB of archives.
After this operation, 291 MB of additional disk space will be used.

After installing, you need to start it and enable it so it can start with the system.

sudo systemctl enable --now jellyfin
Synchronizing state of jellyfin.service with SysV service script with /lib/systemd/systemd-sysv-install.
Executing: /lib/systemd/systemd-sysv-install enable jellyfin

To check that everything is OK, check the status of the service

sudo systemctl status jellyfin
● jellyfin.service - Jellyfin Media Server
     Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/jellyfin.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
    Drop-In: /etc/systemd/system/jellyfin.service.d
             └─jellyfin.service.conf
     Active: active (running) since Sat 2021-03-06 17:15:35 CET; 2min 3s ago
   Main PID: 3764 (jellyfin)
      Tasks: 16 (limit: 2286)
     Memory: 89.9M
     CGroup: /system.slice/jellyfin.service
             └─3764 /usr/bin/jellyfin --webdir=/usr/share/jellyfin/web --restartpath=/usr/lib/jellyfin/restart.sh --ffmpeg=/usr/lib/jellyfin-ffmpeg/ffmpeg

Mar 06 17:15:43 osradar jellyfin[3764]: [17:15:43] [INF] Registering publisher for urn:schemas-upnp-org:device:MediaServer:1 on 157.90.172.109
Mar 06 17:15:43 osradar jellyfin[3764]: [17:15:43] [INF] Executed all pre-startup entry points in 0:00:00.8272122
Mar 06 17:15:43 osradar jellyfin[3764]: [17:15:43] [INF] Core startup complete
Mar 06 17:15:44 osradar jellyfin[3764]: [17:15:44] [INF] Executed all post-startup entry points in 0:00:00.5657009
Mar 06 17:15:44 osradar jellyfin[3764]: [17:15:44] [INF] Startup complete 0:00:08.0004279
Mar 06 17:15:45 osradar jellyfin[3764]: [17:15:45] [INF] StartupTrigger fired for task: Update Plugins
Mar 06 17:15:45 osradar jellyfin[3764]: [17:15:45] [INF] Queueing task PluginUpdateTask
Mar 06 17:15:45 osradar jellyfin[3764]: [17:15:45] [INF] Executing Update Plugins
Mar 06 17:15:46 osradar jellyfin[3764]: [17:15:46] [INF] Update Plugins Completed after 0 minute(s) and 0 seconds
Mar 06 17:15:46 osradar jellyfin[3764]: [17:15:46] [INF] ExecuteQueuedTasks

Jellyfin is now available on http://server:8096 but you should set up a reverse proxy with Nginx and enable HTTPS to ensure that all data transmitted is secure.

Configuring Nginx as the reverse proxy and enabling HTTPS

So, install Nginx and make sure it is running.

sudo apt install nginx
sudo systemctl status nginx

Then create a new configuration file for Jellyfin

sudo nano /etc/nginx/conf.d/jellyfin.conf

And add the following content

upstream backend {
     server 127.0.0.1:8096;
     keepalive 64;
 }

 server {
    listen 80;
    server_name osradartest.ga;

 location / { 
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Host $host;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Server $host;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
        proxy_pass http://backend;
        proxy_http_version 1.1;
        proxy_pass_request_headers on;
        proxy_set_header Connection "keep-alive";
        proxy_store off;
 }
 }

Save the changes and close the editor.

After that, you need to enable HTTPS and with the help of Certbot the process is very easy. So, install it as well as the Nginx plugin.

sudo apt install certbot python3-certbot-nginx

After that, get a new certificate with the following command:

sudo certbot --nginx --agree-tos --redirect --hsts --staple-ocsp --email you@example.com -d your-domain

Of course, replace the value of --email and -d with your email and domain respectively.

Finally, restart Nginx.

sudo systemctl restart nginx

And you will be able to access Jellyfin to complete the installation.

Complete the installation of Jellyfin on Ubuntu

Now open a web browser and go to https://your-domain and you will see the loading screen.

Then you will see the welcome screen. Select the language to display and press the Next button.

Then, create a new user.

You can add your media collection at once.

After that, select the language of the metadata.

Then, you have the option to configure remote access.

If all goes well, you will see this screen.

Then log in with the user you created.

You will be able to enjoy Jellyfin and use your media library.

Conclusion

Jellyfin is another complete alternative to have our files in the cloud. In this case, they are multimedia files that we can play from anywhere with internet access.

The post Deploy your own multimedia center by installing Jellyfin on Ubuntu 20.04 appeared first on Linux Windows and android Tutorials.

What is Rust?

Rust is an open source, multipurpose and new programming language that aims to retire to the C language. Although it is sponsored by Mozilla and Samsung, it is a community project. Its focus is primarily on large programs that run on the client and server side.

The main characteristics of Rust are performance, reliability, and productivity. Rust can compile and create applications very quickly; it is conducive to very few failures and its large documentation makes it possible to learn quickly.

Install Rust on OpenSUSE 15.2

Perhaps the best way to get Rust on OpenSUSE is through the official installer provided by the language. In this respect, this guarantees that we are running the latest version available and is not complicated.

To do this, open a terminal or connect via SSH and update OpenSUSE.

sudo zypper up

After this, make sure you have the curl package installed on the system

sudo zypper in curl

And all you have to do is run this command which will download and install Rust on your system

curl https://sh.rustup.rs -sSf | sh

During the installation, you will be asked how to install it. It is recommended that you use the default configuration by choosing option 1.

At the end you will get an output screen similar to this one:

And to make rust available in the terminal without problems, run:

source $HOME/.cargo/env

Finally, you can check the version we just installed.

rustc --version
rustc 1.50.0 (cb75ad5db 2021-02-10)

Testing Rust on OpenSUSE 15.2

Now it is necessary to make a test file and run it to make sure that everything is OK.

So, create the project folder and inside it the program folder. You can choose any name you want.

mkdir ~/projects
cd projects
mkdir example
cd example

Now we just need to add some rust code to the file. A hello world!! will suffice.

nano helloworld.rs

And add the following:

fn main() {
    println!("Hello, thanks for visiting Osradar blog.");
}

Save your changes and close the editor.

Then, compile the file with the rustc command

rustc helloworld.rs

And now run it

./helloworld

Finally, you get the following output, which indicates that Rust is now working properly.

Hello, thanks for visit Osradar blog.

So, enjoy it.

Conclusion

Installing the Rust language in Linux is a fairly simple process. The possibilities offered by this language are many. It is also a great alternative to traditional programming languages.

The post How to install Rust Programming Language on OpenSUSE 15.2? appeared first on Linux Windows and android Tutorials.

FFmpeg is often confused with a codec, but the reality is that it is a multimedia framework. By framework, we mean that it contains codecs, tools, and programs that allow you to convert, record, and manipulate audio and video files. It is so incredibly good and efficient that many known applications already use it for their work as VLC, Handbrake, and so on.

What is the problem with FFmpeg? It has no graphical interface and everything has to be done from the terminal. And the process can get complicated. Anyway, the community brings us programs like MystiQ that provides a graphical interface to FFmpeg.

But the reality is that we come with something else. FFmpeg has a very active development and that’s why it is always improving and adding features focused on speed. So it is convenient to have the latest version available.

Install the latest version of FFmpeg

To avoid any kind of problems, uninstall FFmpeg if you have it installed.

sudo apt autoremove --purge ffmpeg

Then create a folder where the new version of FFmpeg will be located. I will install it in /opt/ but you can choose another one.

sudo mkdir -p /opt/ffmpeg

Now access it,

cd /opt/ffmpeg

Inside the folder, we proceed to download the latest version of FFmpeg that at the time of writing this post is 4.3.2

sudo wget -c https://johnvansickle.com/ffmpeg/releases/ffmpeg-release-amd64-static.tar.xz
--2020-09-24 16:00:35-- https://johnvansickle.com/ffmpeg/releases/ffmpeg-release-amd64-static.tar.xz
Resolving johnvansickle.com (johnvansickle.com)… 107.180.57.212
Connecting to johnvansickle.com (johnvansickle.com)|107.180.57.212|:443… connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response… 206 Partial Content
Length: 38599740 (37M), 19102780 (18M) remaining [application/x-xz]
Saving to: ‘ffmpeg-release-amd64-static.tar.xz’
ffmpeg-release-amd64-static.tar.xz 100%[+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++==========================================>] 36.81M 258KB/s in 8m 20s
2020-09-24 16:08:59 (37.3 KB/s) - ‘ffmpeg-release-amd64-static.tar.xz’ saved [38599740/38599740]

Now decompress the package:

sudo tar xvf ffmpeg-release-amd64-static.tar.xz

Then access the generated folder and install the binaries on the system:

cd ffmpeg-4.3.2-amd64-static/
sudo ln -s "${PWD}/ffmpeg" /usr/local/bin/
sudo ln -s "${PWD}/ffprobe" /usr/local/bin/

And with this FFmpeg will be ready and installed.

ffmpeg -version
ffmpeg version 4.3.2-static https://johnvansickle.com/ffmpeg/ Copyright (c) 2000-2020 the FFmpeg developers
built with gcc 8 (Debian 8.3.0-6)
configuration: --enable-gpl --enable-version3 --enable-static --disable-debug --disable-ffplay --disable-indev=sndio --disable-outdev=sndio --cc=gcc --enable-fontconfig --enable-frei0r --enable-gnutls --enable-gmp --enable-libgme --enable-gray --enable-libaom --enable-libfribidi --enable-libass --enable-libvmaf --enable-libfreetype --enable-libmp3lame --enable-libopencore-amrnb --enable-libopencore-amrwb --enable-libopenjpeg --enable-librubberband --enable-libsoxr --enable-libspeex --enable-libsrt --enable-libvorbis --enable-libopus --enable-libtheora --enable-libvidstab --enable-libvo-amrwbenc --enable-libvpx --enable-libwebp --enable-libx264 --enable-libx265 --enable-libxml2 --enable-libdav1d --enable-libxvid --enable-libzvbi --enable-libzimg
libavutil 56. 51.100 / 56. 51.100
libavcodec 58. 91.100 / 58. 91.100
libavformat 58. 45.100 / 58. 45.100
libavdevice 58. 10.100 / 58. 10.100
libavfilter 7. 85.100 / 7. 85.100
libswscale 5. 7.100 / 5. 7.100
libswresample 3. 7.100 / 3. 7.100
libpostproc 55. 7.100 / 55. 7.100

Conclusion

FFmpeg is a valuable tool in Linux, although it also has versions for other systems. But the truth is that in Linux is where we can know all the backgrounds of this tool. Today you have learned how to install the latest version in Ubuntu 20.04 / Debian 10 / CentOS.

So, share this post and join our Telegram Channel. And Support us!

The post How to Install the Latest version of FFmpeg on Ubuntu 20.04 / Debian 10 / CentOS 8? appeared first on Linux Windows and android Tutorials.