How to enable the Windows Subsystem for Linux

WSL is a feature that allows Windows 10 users to use the Bash of the available Linux distribution. In addition, WSL provides a Linux-compatible kernel interface developed by Microsoft. Also, we can have the typical Linux directories like Home or Bin in Windows and the Windows directories in Linux bash. But maybe the most relevant aspect is to be able to use Bash commands inside Windows without the need to resort to a virtual machine. Well, let’s see how to enable this system. In the first place, follow this path to enter the optional features of Windows. Control Panel>Programs>Turn windows features on or off

In the box below, scroll down to find Windows Subsystem for Linux. Please check the appropriate box.

Wait a few seconds while the features are installed. Then restart the computer to confirm the changes.

Download and Install Ubuntu 18.04 LTS

Once the configuration is enabled, just go to the Windows Store and download the available distro. At the moment the following options are ready for download: Ubuntu, Kali, Open Suse Leap 15-1, Debian and Alpine WSL. Undoubtedly in the future more will be added. Well, this time we will use Ubuntu 18.04 LTS. You can download it from this link. Press Get and wait while the program downloads.

Once the download is complete, you can launch the program from the same store. Or you can also type Ubuntu from the Windows search engine. Please wait a few moments while the installation is completed. Then assign any user name and add a password.

Using Ubuntu for the first time

Once the preparations have been made, it’s time to test the operation of Ubuntu. With this intention, update the list of packages in the repositories by running the following command:

 sudo apt-get update 

Then type the password and press enter. Immediately the ubuntu bash will start working.

Well, finally we’ve seen how to install and use bash in Windows 10. From this moment on, just type Ubuntu in the search bar to launch the app. Before I say goodbye, I invite you to see our post about Microsoft employees infected with COVID-19. Bye

The post Learn how to install and use bash in Windows 10 appeared first on Linux Windows and android Tutorials.

Installing UFW on Ubuntu

Install the UFW on Ubuntu by executing the command as

sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get -y install ufw

Configure Zimbra Firewall usign UFW

Because of recent Memcache amplification attacks for UDP ports, we won’t enable udp port as it will cause serious problems. Due to this reason we will use only tcp ports which is protected from these.

Because we need an application profile for UFW, so let’s create this profile as:

sudo nano /etc/ufw/application.d/zimbra

Then add the following lines

[Zimbra]
 title=Zimbra Collaboration Server
 description=Open source server for email, contacts, calendar, and more.
 ports=22,25,80,110,143,161,389,443,465,514,587,993,995,7071,8443,11211/tcp

After that enable app profile on ufw

sudo ufw allow Zimbra
sudo ufw enable

Then add ssh port as

sudo ufw allow ssh

To make any changes to the Zimbra profile, update it using:

$ sudo ufw app update Zimbra
 Rules updated for profile 'Zimbra'
 Skipped reloading firewall

Because for a single server installation, Memcache is not used outside the local server, consider binding it to the loopback ip address. So, use the commands:

sudo su - zimbra
 zmprov ms zmhostname zimbraMemcachedBindAddress 127.0.0.1 
 zmprov ms zmhostname zimbraMemcachedClientServerList 127.0.0.1

Then restart Memcache services.

sudo su - zimbra -c "zmmemcachedctl restart"

Restricting Access to Admin dashboard

As it is a good practice to always restrict access to port 7071 to a trusted network or IP, so do it by typing:

$ sudo ufw allow from 192.168.1.10 to any port 7071
 $ sudo ufw allow from 192.168.1.0/24 to any port 7071

So, this is how you can configure your Zimbra Server with firewall using ufw on Ubuntu 18.04 LTS.

The post Zimbra Firewall Configuration with ufw for Ubuntu appeared first on Linux Windows and android Tutorials.

Pre-Requisite

• Installed Ubuntu 18.04 server
• Have ssh access to the user – user with sudo privileges
• DNS server – Dnsmasq should be fine

To support up to 50 users, follow the below recommended settings.

• 4 vCPU or more depending on your available resources
• 8 GB RAM or more
• 50 GB available disk space
• DNS Server

Then move towards the steps to cover the Installation of Zimbra Collaboration Server on Ubuntu 18.04

Step 1: Install and Configure Dnsmasq

First of all Install Dnsmasq server and then configure it to proceed further. To Install & configure Dnsmasq on Ubuntu 18.04 LTS click here.

After it , set up Zimbra Domain, DNS server forwarder, and MX records.

$ sudo vim /etc/dnsmasq.conf

server=8.8.8.8

listen-address=127.0.0.1

domain=example.com   # Define domain

mx-host=example.com,mail.example.com,0  # Set MX record for the domain, preference is 0

address=/mail.example.com/62.15.116.167 # Send example.com to 62.15.116.167

Set hostname of server.

sudo hostnamectl set-hostname mail.example.com

Now, add server name & IP address to /etc/hosts file

echo "62.15.116.167 mail.example.com" | sudo tee -a /etc/hosts

Restart dnsmasq services.

sudo systemctl restart dnsmasq

Test an A record of Zimbra Server

$ dig A zimbra.osradar.com
  ; <<>> DiG 9.11.3-1ubuntu1.3-Ubuntu <<>> A zimbra.osradar.com @127.0.0.1
  ;; global options: +cmd
  ;; Got answer:
  ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 14888
  ;; flags: qr aa rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 1
  ;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION:
  ; EDNS: version: 0, flags:; udp: 4096
  ;; QUESTION SECTION:
  ;zimbra.osradar.com.    IN  A
  ;; ANSWER SECTION:
  zimbra.osradar.com 0    IN  A   62.15.116.167
  ;; Query time: 0 msec
  ;; SERVER: 127.0.0.1#53(127.0.0.1)
  ;; WHEN: Mon Dec 31 21:58:39 CEST 2019
  ;; MSG SIZE  rcvd: 73

Query for MX record of your domain. Should return Zimba Server IP.

$ dig MX osradar.com
  ; <<>> DiG 9.11.3-1ubuntu1.3-Ubuntu <<>> MX zimbra.osradar.com @127.0.0.1
  ;; global options: +cmd
  ;; Got answer:
  ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 25343
  ;; flags: qr aa rd ra ad; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 2
  ;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION:
  ; EDNS: version: 0, flags:; udp: 4096
  ;; QUESTION SECTION:
  ;zimbra.osradar.com.    IN  MX
  ;; ANSWER SECTION:
  zimbra.osradar.com. 0    IN  MX  0 zimbra.osradar.com.
  ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION:
  zimbra.osradar.com. 0    IN  A   62.15.116.167
  ;; SERVER: 127.0.0.1#53(127.0.0.1)
  ;; WHEN: Mon Dec 31 21:59:40 CEST 2019
  ;; MSG SIZE  rcvd: 117

See that we have both A record & MX, let’s begin the installation.

Step 2: Download Zimbra Collaboration Open source Edition

As the latest release of Zimbra is 8.8.15. Let’s download the file to the local server.

wget https://files.zimbra.com/downloads/8.8.15_GA/zcs-8.8.15_GA_3869.UBUNTU18_64.20190918004220.tgz

Then extract files

tar xvf zcs-8.8.15_GA_3869.UBUNTU18_64.20190918004220.tgz

Now, move to zcs.* directory

cd zcs*/

Step 3: Install Zimbra Collaboration on Ubuntu 18.04 LTS

Now, you are ready to start the installation of Zimbra Collaboration on Ubuntu 18.04 LTS. Run the installer script – This is an all in one server installation.

sudo ./install.sh
 Operations logged to /tmp/install.log.DM7y8xw8
 Checking for existing installation…
     zimbra-drive…NOT FOUND
     zimbra-imapd…NOT FOUND
     zimbra-patch…NOT FOUND
     zimbra-mta-patch…NOT FOUND
     zimbra-proxy-patch…NOT FOUND
     zimbra-license-tools…NOT FOUND
     zimbra-license-extension…NOT FOUND
     zimbra-network-store…NOT FOUND
     zimbra-network-modules-ng…NOT FOUND
     zimbra-chat…NOT FOUND
     zimbra-talk…NOT FOUND
     zimbra-ldap…NOT FOUND
     zimbra-logger…NOT FOUND
     zimbra-mta…NOT FOUND
     zimbra-dnscache…NOT FOUND
     zimbra-snmp…NOT FOUND
     zimbra-store…NOT FOUND
     zimbra-apache…NOT FOUND
     zimbra-spell…NOT FOUND
     zimbra-convertd…NOT FOUND
     zimbra-memcached…NOT FOUND
     zimbra-proxy…NOT FOUND
     zimbra-archiving…NOT FOUND
     zimbra-core…NOT FOUND
 
 PLEASE READ THIS AGREEMENT CAREFULLY BEFORE USING THE SOFTWARE.
 SYNACOR, INC. ("SYNACOR") WILL ONLY LICENSE THIS SOFTWARE TO YOU IF YOU
 FIRST ACCEPT THE TERMS OF THIS AGREEMENT. BY DOWNLOADING OR INSTALLING
 THE SOFTWARE, OR USING THE PRODUCT, YOU ARE CONSENTING TO BE BOUND BY
 THIS AGREEMENT. IF YOU DO NOT AGREE TO ALL OF THE TERMS OF THIS
 AGREEMENT, THEN DO NOT DOWNLOAD, INSTALL OR USE THE PRODUCT.
 License Terms for this Zimbra Collaboration Suite Software:
 https://www.zimbra.com/license/zimbra-public-eula-2-6.html

Press Y when prompt for License terms & start the installation.

Do you agree with the terms of the software license agreement? [N] Y

Then agree to use the Zimbra package repository.

Use Zimbra's package repository [Y] Y
 Warning: apt-key output should not be parsed (stdout is not a terminal)
 Importing Zimbra GPG key
 Configuring package repository
 Checking for installable packages
 Found zimbra-core (local)
 Found zimbra-ldap (local)
 Found zimbra-logger (local)
 Found zimbra-mta (local)
 Found zimbra-dnscache (local)
 Found zimbra-snmp (local)
 Found zimbra-store (local)
 Found zimbra-apache (local)
 Found zimbra-spell (local)
 Found zimbra-memcached (repo)
 Found zimbra-proxy (local)
 Found zimbra-drive (repo)
 Found zimbra-imapd (local)
 Found zimbra-patch (repo)
 Found zimbra-mta-patch (repo)
 Found zimbra-proxy-patch (repo)

Select the packages to install

Install zimbra-ldap [Y]
 Install zimbra-logger [Y]
 Install zimbra-mta [Y] 
 Install zimbra-dnscache [Y] 
 Install zimbra-snmp [Y] 
 Install zimbra-store [Y] 
 Install zimbra-apache [Y] 
 Install zimbra-spell [Y] 
 Install zimbra-memcached [Y] 
 Install zimbra-proxy [Y] 
 Install zimbra-drive [Y] 
 Install zimbra-imapd (BETA - for evaluation only) [N] 
 Install zimbra-chat [Y] 
 Checking required space for zimbra-core
 Checking space for zimbra-store
 Checking required packages for zimbra-store
 zimbra-store package check complete.
 Installing:
     zimbra-core
     zimbra-ldap
     zimbra-logger
     zimbra-mta
     zimbra-dnscache
     zimbra-snmp
     zimbra-store
     zimbra-apache
     zimbra-spell
     zimbra-memcached
     zimbra-proxy
     zimbra-drive
     zimbra-patch
     zimbra-mta-patch
     zimbra-proxy-patch
     zimbra-chat

Agree to system modification

The system will be modified.  Continue? [N] Y

Select the packages to be download & Installation will started.

Downloading packages (12):
    zimbra-core-components
    zimbra-ldap-components
    zimbra-mta-components
    zimbra-dnscache-components
    zimbra-snmp-components
    zimbra-store-components
    zimbra-jetty-distribution
    zimbra-apache-components
    zimbra-spell-components
    zimbra-memcached
    zimbra-proxy-components
    zimbra-mta-patch
      …done
 Removing /opt/zimbra
 Removing zimbra crontab entry…done.
 Cleaning up zimbra init scripts…done.
 Cleaning up /etc/security/limits.conf…done.
 Finished removing Zimbra Collaboration Server.
 Installing repo packages (12):
    zimbra-core-components
    zimbra-ldap-components
    zimbra-mta-components
    zimbra-dnscache-components
    zimbra-snmp-components
    zimbra-store-components
    zimbra-jetty-distribution
    zimbra-apache-components
    zimbra-spell-components
    zimbra-memcached
    zimbra-proxy-components
    zimbra-mta-patch
       …

Set up Admin account password

7) zimbra-store:                            Enabled                       
         +Create Admin User:                    yes                           
         +Admin user to create:                 admin@zimbra.osradar.com
 * +Admin Password                        UNSET                         
         +Anti-virus quarantine user:           virus-quarantine.pynmkvgruh@zimbra.osradar.com
         +Enable automated spam training:       yes                           
         +Spam training user:                   spam.ab7ufdyr@zimbra.osradar.com
         +Non-spam(Ham) training user:          ham.l4s_ar23@zimbra.osradar.com
         +SMTP host:                            zimbra.osradar.com  
         +Web server HTTP port:                 8080                          
         +Web server HTTPS port:                8443                          
         +Web server mode:                      https                         
         +IMAP server port:                     7143                          
         +IMAP server SSL port:                 7993                          
         +POP server port:                      7110                          
         +POP server SSL port:                  7995                          
         +Use spell check server:               yes                           
         +Spell server URL:                     http://zimbra.osradar.com:7780/aspell.php
         +Enable version update checks:         TRUE                          
         +Enable version update notifications:  TRUE                          
         +Version update notification email:    admin@zimbra.osradar.com
         +Version update source email:          admin@zimbra.osradar.com
         +Install mailstore (service webapp):   yes                           
         +Install UI (zimbra,zimbraAdmin webapps): yes 
 …..
 Password for admin@zimbra.osradar.com (min 6 characters): [8441mra12P]                         

Complete configuration & apply

Main menu
  1) Common Configuration:                                                  
     2) zimbra-ldap:                             Enabled                       
     3) zimbra-logger:                           Enabled                       
     4) zimbra-mta:                              Enabled                       
     5) zimbra-dnscache:                         Enabled                       
     6) zimbra-snmp:                             Enabled                       
     7) zimbra-store:                            Enabled                       
     8) zimbra-spell:                            Enabled                       
     9) zimbra-proxy:                            Enabled                       
    10) Default Class of Service Configuration:                                
     s) Save config to file                                                    
     x) Expand menu                                                            
     q) Quit                                    
  *** CONFIGURATION COMPLETE - press 'a' to apply
  Select from menu, or press 'a' to apply config (? - help) a
  Save configuration data to a file? [Yes]   
  Save config in file: [/opt/zimbra/config.24171] 
  Saving config in /opt/zimbra/config.24171…done.
  The system will be modified - continue? [No] Yes

The installer script will start to configure Zimbra Server. When done you should get output like below:

Starting servers…done.
 Installing common zimlets…
     com_zimbra_cert_manager…done.
     com_zimbra_adminversioncheck…done.
     com_zimbra_attachcontacts…done.
     com_zimbra_viewmail…done.
     com_zimbra_attachmail…done.
     com_zimbra_url…done.
     com_zimbra_webex…done.
     com_zimbra_bulkprovision…done.
     com_zimbra_proxy_config…done.
     com_zimbra_mailarchive…done.
     com_zextras_chat_open…done.
     com_zimbra_ymemoticons…done.
     com_zimbra_clientuploader…done.
     com_zimbra_date…done.
     com_zimbra_srchhighlighter…done.
     com_zimbra_tooltip…done.
     com_zextras_drive_open…done.
     com_zimbra_phone…done.
     com_zimbra_email…done.
 Finished installing common zimlets.
 Restarting mailboxd…done.
 Creating galsync account for default domain…done.
 You have the option of notifying Zimbra of your installation.
 This helps us to track the uptake of the Zimbra Collaboration Server.
 The only information that will be transmitted is:
     The VERSION of zcs installed (8.8.12_GA_3794_UBUNTU18_64)
     The ADMIN EMAIL ADDRESS created (admin@zimbra.osradar.com)
 Notify Zimbra of your installation? [Yes]
 Checking if the NG started running…done. 
 Setting up zimbra crontab…done.
 Moving /tmp/zmsetup.20190401-221739.log to /opt/zimbra/log
 Configuration complete - press return to exit

Now, confirm Zimbra services status.

su - zimbra -c "zmcontrol status"
 Host zimbra.odradar.com
      amavis                  Running
      antispam                Running
      dnscache                Running
      ldap                    Running
      logger                  Running
      mailbox                 Running
      memcached               Running
      mta                     Running
      opendkim                Running
      proxy                   Running
      service webapp          Running
      snmp                    Running
      spell                   Running
      stats                   Stopped
      zimbra webapp           Running
      zimbraAdmin webapp      Running
      zimlet webapp           Running
      zmconfigd               Running

Step 4: Accessing Zimbra Admin Dashboard

If you have an active firewall, configure it for Zimbra using Zimbra Firewall Configuration with ufw for Ubuntu & then Access Admin interface using http://ip-address|hostname:7071

Provide username & password to login to zimbra.

The post How To Install Zimbra Collaboration on Ubuntu 18.04 LTS appeared first on Linux Windows and android Tutorials.

Dnsmasq has been designed to provide DNS, and optionally DHCP/TFTP services for a small to mid-size networks. Fist of all we will look at Dnsmasq subsystems & then move toward the Installation.

Dnsmasq has three main subsystems.

• DNS subsystem: Used for caching of A. AAAA,CNAME & PTR.
• DHCP subsystem: It supports DHCPv4, DHCPv6,BOTP & PXE.
• Router Advertisement: Provides basic autoconfiguration for IPv6 host.

Step 1: Installing Dnsmasq on Ubuntu 18.04

Disable systemd-resolve as it binds to port 53 due to which Dnsmasq will be effected.

Type the given command to disable the resolved service.

sudo systemctl disable systemd-resolved
sudo systemctl stop systemd-resolved

Also, remove the sysmlinked resolv.conf file by

$ ls -lh /etc/resolv.conf 
 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 39 Aug  8 15:52 /etc/resolv.conf -> ../run/systemd/resolve/stub-resolv.conf
 $ sudo rm /etc/resolv.conf

Then create new resolv.conf file

echo "nameserver 8.8.8.8" > /etc/resolv.conf

As Dnsmasq is available on the apt repository, install it by typing

sudo apt-get install dnsmasq

You can find the main config file for Dnsmasq under /etc/dnsmasq.conf

sudo nano /etc/dnsmasq.conf

See the minimal configuration

Listen on this specific port instead of the standard DNS port
 (53). Setting this to zero completely disables DNS function,
 leaving only DHCP and/or TFTP.
 port=53
 Never forward plain names (without a dot or domain part)
 domain-needed
 Never forward addresses in the non-routed address spaces.
 bogus-priv
 By  default,  dnsmasq  will  send queries to any of the upstream
 servers it knows about and tries to favour servers to are  known
 to  be  up.  Uncommenting this forces dnsmasq to try each query
 with  each  server  strictly  in  the  order  they   appear   in
 /etc/resolv.conf
 strict-order
 Set this (and domain: see below) if you want to have a domain
 automatically added to simple names in a hosts-file.
 expand-hosts
 Set the domain for dnsmasq. this is optional, but if it is set, it
 does the following things.
 1) Allows DHCP hosts to have fully qualified domain names, as long
 as the domain part matches this setting.
 2) Sets the "domain" DHCP option thereby potentially setting the
 domain of all systems configured by DHCP
 3) Provides the domain part for "expand-hosts"
 domain=thekelleys.org.uk
 domain=mypridomain.com
 Set Liste address
 listen-address=127.0.0.1 # Set to Server IP for network responses

To enable DNSSEC validation & caching, uncomment

#dnssec

Do the config according to your own environment & restart dnsmasq services.

sudo systemctl restart dnsmasq

Step 2: Add DNS records to Dnsmasq

Add DNS records in the file /etc/hosts/. Dnsmasq will reply to queries from clients using these records.

$ sudo vim /etc/hosts
 10.1.3.4 server1.mypridomain.com
 10.1.4.4 erp.mypridomain.com 
 192.168.10.2 checkout.mypridomain.com 
 192.168.4.3 hello.world

Then restart dnsmasq services.

sudo systemctl restart dnsmasq

Step 3: Test Dnsmasq functionality

Edit the file /etc/network/interfaces for persistent configuration, or the file /etc/netplan/ on Ubuntu 18.04 servers. As it is a test, I’ll modify runtime file /etc/resolv.conf

$ sudo nano /etc/resolv.conf
 nameserver 127.0.0.1
 nameserver 8.8.8.8

Then test using dig:

$ dig A erp.mypridomain.com
 ; <<>> DiG 9.11.3-1ubuntu1.1-Ubuntu <<>> A erp.mypridomain.com
 ;; global options: +cmd
 ;; Got answer:
 ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 43392
 ;; flags: qr aa rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 1
 ;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION:
 ; EDNS: version: 0, flags:; udp: 4096
 ;; QUESTION SECTION:
 ;erp.mypridomain.com.        IN  A
 ;; ANSWER SECTION:
 erp.mypridomain.com.    0   IN  A   10.1.4.4
 ;; Query time: 0 msec
 ;; SERVER: 127.0.0.1#53(127.0.0.1)
 ;; WHEN: Tue Aug 21 10:35:41 UTC 2018
 ;; MSG SIZE  rcvd: 64

See the other example

$ dig checkout.mypridomain.com A +noall +answer
 ; <<>> DiG 9.11.3-1ubuntu1.1-Ubuntu <<>> checkout.mypridomain.com A +noall +answer
 ;; global options: +cmd
 checkout.mypridomain.com. 0 IN A 192.168.10.2

Confirm that we are getting responses as configured.

Step 3:Configure Dnsmasq as DHCP Server (Optional)

Configure /etc/dnsmasq.conf & provide DHCP options. You need to provide.

• Gateway IP address
• DNS Server IP address
• Network Subnet mask
• DHCP Addresses range
• NTP Server

Look at the example

dhcp-range=192.168.3.25,192.168.3.50,24h
 dhcp-option=option:router,192.168.3.1
 dhcp-option=option:ntp-server,192.168.3.5
 dhcp-option=option:dns-server,192.168.3.5
 dhcp-option=option:netmask,255.255.255.0

Then restart dnsmasq services & configure clients to obtain an IP address from this server.

sudo systemctl restart dnsmasq

The post How To Install & configure Dnsmasq on Ubuntu 18.04 LTS appeared first on Linux Windows and android Tutorials.

Today we are going to Install i-doit tool on our Ubuntu 18.04. It has various features due to which we prefer it in our IT system. i-doit is Professional IT documentaion & CMDB tool that provides the way to manage the entire IT system.

With the help of this great tool you can easily create a detailed overview of the entire IT-infrastructure for all kind of assets.

System Requirements

• 2 vCPUs
• 2 GB RAM
• 10 GB free disc space

As we will Install it on our dedicated Virtual Machine, LAMP Stack is required.

• Apache Web Server 2.4
• MariaDB 10.x or MySQL 5.6 or later
• PHP 5.6(deprecated), 7.x
• PHP extensions: bcmath, ctype, curl, fileinfo, gd, imagick, json, ldap, mbstring, memcached, mysqli, mysqlnd, pgsql, session, soap, xml, zip

Now, move toward the Installation of i-doit on our Ubuntu system

Step 1: Install Apache & PHP

Run the following command to Install Apache & required PHP extensions.

sudo apt -y install apache2 libapache2-mod-php
sudo apt -y install php-{bcmath,cli,common,curl,gd,json,ldap,mbstring,mysql,opcache,pgsql,soap,xml,zip,imagick,memcached}
sudo apt -y install memcached unzip moreutils

Create new php configuration file for i-doit

sudo tee /etc/php/7.2/mods-available/i-doit.ini<<EOF
   allow_url_fopen = Yes
   file_uploads = On
   magic_quotes_gpc = Off
   max_execution_time = 300
   max_file_uploads = 42
   max_input_time = 60
   max_input_vars = 10000
   memory_limit = 256M
   post_max_size = 128M
   register_argc_argv = On
   register_globals = Off
   short_open_tag = On
   upload_max_filesize = 128M
   display_errors = Off
   display_startup_errors = Off
   error_reporting = E_ALL & ~E_DEPRECATED & ~E_STRICT
   log_errors = On
   default_charset = "UTF-8"
   default_socket_timeout = 60
   date.timezone = Africa/Nairobi
   session.gc_maxlifetime = 604800
   session.cookie_lifetime = 0
   mysqli.default_socket = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock
   EOF 

session.gc_maxlifetime should be the same or greater than the Session Timeout in the System settings of i-doit.

Then activate the required PHP modules & restart Apache web server.

sudo phpenmod i-doit
 sudo phpenmod memcached
 sudo systemctl restart apache2.service

Step 2: Install MariaDB Server

Install MariaDB on your Ubuntu 18.04

After Installing MariaDB & configuring it login to it, & run the given command.

SET GLOBAL innodb_fast_shutdown = 0;
 UPDATE mysql.user SET plugin = 'mysql_native_password' WHERE User = 'root';
 FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

Tune your server for Optimal Perfromance

sudo nano /etc/mysql/mariadb.conf.d/99-i-doit.cnf

Then add the below content:

[mysqld]
 This is the number 1 setting to look at for any performance optimization
 It is where the data and indexes are cached: having it as large as possible will
 ensure MySQL uses memory and not disks for most read operations.
 #
 Typical values are 1G (1-2GB RAM), 5-6G (8GB RAM), 20-25G (32GB RAM), 100-120G (128GB RAM).
 innodb_buffer_pool_size = 1G
 Use multiple instances if you have innodb_buffer_pool_size > 10G, 1 every 4GB
 innodb_buffer_pool_instances = 1
 Redo log file size, the higher the better.
 MySQL/MariaDB writes two of these log files in a default installation.
 innodb_log_file_size = 512M
 innodb_sort_buffer_size = 64M
 sort_buffer_size = 262144 # default
 join_buffer_size = 262144 # default
 max_allowed_packet = 128M
 max_heap_table_size = 32M
 query_cache_min_res_unit = 4096
 query_cache_type = 1
 query_cache_limit = 5M
 query_cache_size = 80M
 tmp_table_size = 32M
 max_connections = 200
 innodb_file_per_table = 1
 Disable this (= 0) if you have only one to two CPU cores, change it to 4 for a quad core.
 innodb_thread_concurrency = 0
 Disable this (= 0) if you have slow harddisks
 innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1
 innodb_flush_method = O_DIRECT
 innodb_lru_scan_depth = 2048
 table_definition_cache = 1024
 table_open_cache = 2048
 Only if your have MySQL 5.6 or higher, do not use with MariaDB!
 table_open_cache_instances = 4
 innodb_stats_on_metadata = 0
 sql-mode = ""

When finished, restart mariadb

sudo systemctl restart mysql

Step 3: Download i-doit

Download & extract the open source version of i-doit

export LATEST="1.13.2"
wget https://sourceforge.net/projects/i-doit/files/i-doit/$LATEST/idoit-open-$LATEST.zip
sudo unzip idoit-open-$LATEST.zip -d /var/www/html/i-doit

Set permissions for the created directory to apache user

cd /var/www/html/i-doit
 sudo chown www-data:www-data -R .
 sudo find . -type d -name * -exec chmod 775 {} \;
 sudo find . -type f -exec chmod 664 {} \;
 sudo chmod 774 controller .sh setup/.sh

Then create Apache configuration file for i-doit.

sudo tee /etc/apache2/sites-available/i-doit.conf<
         ServerAdmin admin@example.com
     DirectoryIndex index.php     DocumentRoot /var/www/html/     <Directory /var/www/html/>             AllowOverride All             Require all granted     </Directory>     LogLevel warn     ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/error.log     CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/access.log combined
 
 EOF

Enable site & rewrite module.

sudo chown www-data:www-data -R /var/www/html/
sudo chmod 755 /var/log/apache2
sudo chmod 664 /var/log/apache2/*
sudo a2ensite i-doit
sudo a2enmod rewrite
sudo systemctl restart apache2.service

Step 4: Run i-doit Setup

Launch the i-doit by opening http://idoit.example.com/i-doit/.

All system checks should show a pass.

Do the all steps as shown in screenshots below

• Connection Settings
• Host: localhost or 127.0.0.1
• Port: default port of MySQL/MariaDB, so 3306
• Username: User name of the database system user, usually root
• Password: Password of the user
• MySQL user settings
• Username: User name of the i-doit databases owner, usually idoit
• Password: Pass of the user
• Database settings
• System Database Name: Name of the system DB, usually idoit_system
• Mandator Database Name: Name of the database for the first tenant, usually idoit_data
• Mandator title: name of the organization that is focused on
• Start value for object/configuration item IDs: Normally 1

Then finalize the configuration check & move to next step

After it login to the i-doit by providing your credentials.

You now have Installed i-doit on Ubuntu system.

Further Steps

• Download & Install a License
• Set up backup
• Set up Cronjobs
• Initial login

The post How To Install i-doit Asset Management Tool on Ubuntu 18.04 appeared first on Linux Windows and android Tutorials.

Gradle is an open source build automation tool used for Java, Groovy and Scala development. Basically, it builds upon the concepts of Apache Ant & Apache Maven. Gradle uses Groovy instead of XML for declaring project configuration. Groovy is a dynamic, object-oriented programming language to define the project configurations. Follow the below steps to cover the Installation of Gradle on Ubuntu 18.04 / 16.04 / Linux Mint 19 & Debian

Requirements:

Java JDK or JRE version 7 or above.

Now, proceed to our Installation

Step 1: Update your system

Confirm that your system is updated

sudo apt update

Install OpenJDK package if you have not already installed by running

sudo apt install -y openjdk-8-jdk-headless

Confirm the Installation by

java -version

Output:

sabi@sabi:~$ java -version
 openjdk version "1.8.0_232"
 OpenJDK Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_232-8u232-b09-0ubuntu1~18.04.1-b09)
 OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.232-b09, mixed mode)

Install other required packages by typing

sudo apt install -y wget unzip

Step 2: Install Gradle on Ubuntu

Visit the official site of Gradle to Download the Gradle Binary-only zip file.

Download the latest version of Gradle v6.0.1

sabi@sabi:~$ wget https://services.gradle.org/distributions/gradle-6.0.1-bin.zip
 --2019-12-28 11:43:18--  https://services.gradle.org/distributions/gradle-6.0.1-bin.zip
 Resolving services.gradle.org (services.gradle.org)… 104.18.191.9, 104.18.190.9, 2606:4700::6812:be09, …
 Connecting to services.gradle.org (services.gradle.org)|104.18.191.9|:443… connected.
 HTTP request sent, awaiting response… 301 Moved Permanently
 Location: https://downloads.gradle-dn.com/distributions/gradle-6.0.1-bin.zip [following]
 --2019-12-28 11:43:19--  https://downloads.gradle-dn.com/distributions/gradle-6.0.1-bin.zip
 Resolving downloads.gradle-dn.com (downloads.gradle-dn.com)… 104.17.160.20, 104.17.159.20, 2606:4700::6811:9f14, …
 Connecting to downloads.gradle-dn.com (downloads.gradle-dn.com)|104.17.160.20|:443… connected.
 HTTP request sent, awaiting response… 200 OK
 Length: 95129672 (91M) [application/zip]
 Saving to: ‘gradle-6.0.1-bin.zip’
 gradle-6.0.1-bin.zi 100%[==================>]  90.72M  3.15MB/s    in 42s     
 2019-12-28 11:44:04 (2.16 MB/s) - ‘gradle-6.0.1-bin.zip’ saved [95129672/95129672]

Move the downloaded package to working directory

sabi@sabi:~$ mv gradle-6.0.1-bin.zip /tmp/

After finishing download, extract the downloaded package in /opt/gradle directory using zip command

unzip gradle-*.zip 

Create a directory called /opt/gradle

 sudo mkdir /opt/gradle  

Copy the extracted files to the /opt/gradle

 sudo cp -pr gradle-*/* /opt/gradle 

You can confirm the extracted files by listing them in /opt/gradle directory.

sabi@sabi:/tmp$ cd /opt/gradle
sabi@sabi:/opt/gradle$ ls
bin  getting-started.html  init.d  lib  LICENSE  NOTICE

Step 3: Setting Up Environment Variables

Configure the path environment variable to include the Gradle’s bin directory. For this create a new file inside the /etc/profile.d/ directory.

sudo nano /etc/profile.d/gradle.sh

Paste the below data into the above file and save it.

export PATH=$PATH:/opt/gradle/gradle-6.0.1/bin

Type the given command to make the script executable.

sudo chmod +x /etc/profile.d/gradle.sh

Now, load the environment variables for the current session by

source /etc/profile.d/gradle.sh

Step 4: Verifying the Installation

Check the version of Gradle using gradle -v command

gradle -v

Output:

sabi@sabi:/tmp$ gradle -v
 Welcome to Gradle 6.0.1!
 Here are the highlights of this release:
 Substantial improvements in dependency management, including
 Publishing Gradle Module Metadata in addition to pom.xml
 Advanced control of transitive versions
 Support for optional features and dependencies
 Rules to tweak published metadata
 Support for Java 13
 Faster incremental Java and Groovy compilation
 New Zinc compiler for Scala
 VS2019 support
 Support for Gradle Enterprise plugin 3.0 
 For more details see https://docs.gradle.org/6.0.1/release-notes.html
 
 Gradle 6.0.1
 Build time:   2019-11-18 20:25:01 UTC
 Revision:     fad121066a68c4701acd362daf4287a7c309a0f5
 Kotlin:       1.3.50
 Groovy:       2.5.8
 Ant:          Apache Ant(TM) version 1.10.7 compiled on September 1 2019
 JVM:          1.8.0_232 (Private Build 25.232-b09)
 OS:           Linux 5.0.0-37-generic amd64

The post How To Install Gradle on Ubuntu 18.04 appeared first on Linux Windows and android Tutorials.

Today, let’s take a look at a little housekeeping on Ubuntu – one of the most popular Linux distros of all time.

Reducing boot delay

Generally, the system boots up with the help of the bootloader. In case of Linux systems, it’s generally GRUB. After the bootloader starts up, it usually takes 5 seconds to start the OS booting. The time is 5 SECONDS only, not a big deal. However, in case you’re in a hurry, those 5 seconds can be very valuable. Moreover, the changing won’t make any bad impact on the hardware as well. That’s why it’s safe to reduce the time to a lower settings.

For changing the boot delay, run the following command in the terminal –

sudo nano /etc/default/grub

From the file, look for “GRUB_TIMEOUT”. Change the value from 5 to 1 (recommended). Then, press “Ctrl + O” to save the file and “Ctrl + X” to exit the editor.

Reboot your system for the change to take effect. The change should be noticeable if you observe a bit sharply.

Remove unwanted PPAs

Ubuntu features some of the easiest ways to manage your software source. PPAs (Personal Package Archive) is useful for getting numerous software directly from the developers. PPAs are also a great source for ported apps from other open-source projects and keeping them up-to-date.

Whenever you run “apt update”, it collects repository database and other information from all the software sources. PPAs are generally slower than the official repository and too much of them seriously hinders the speed. You should remove those unwanted PPAs.

Go to “Software & Updates” from the launcher of Ubuntu. Open the “Other Software” tab. There, you’ll find out all the unnecessary PPAs you’ve installed over time.

Select the unnecessary PPA, click “Remove”, enter the password and you’re good to go!

After you’re done removing all the unnecessary PPAs, you should reload the repo cache of your system. Run the command in the terminal –

sudo apt update
sudo apt upgrade -y

Remove unnecessary packages

Your system is also full of other dependency packages from different software. Those simply clog the system by eating space in the package database and hard drive. For removing all those unnecessary packages, run the following command –

sudo apt autoremove

Manage startup apps

You may have configured a number of startup apps. These apps load during the start of your system. Some of them may be necessary, but others will simply eat system resources. For removing all those unnecessary startup items, run the following commands –

cd ~/.config/autostart
ls

It’ll show the startup items as desktop shortcuts. Delete the unnecessary ones by running the following commands –

rm <program_name>.desktop

Reinstall your system

Note that it’s the very LAST step you want to perform. If your system is performing seriously bad and all the above steps didn’t work, you should reinstall Ubuntu. Currently, the latest version of Ubuntu is v18.04 LTS. Learn how to install Ubuntu.

The post Speed Up Ubuntu appeared first on Linux Windows and android Tutorials.

• Horizon.
• Dusk.
• Echo

So now what is MVC?Model view controller is an architecture that help us to differentiate an application into its three logical components. That are (Model, View and Controller). Every component is built to handle the specific development for that application. It is the most popular framework at the time and most of the projects are being implemented using this framework.

Before starting the tutorial, you must have some basic knowledge of Linux, like how to use shell and how to host site on VPS. Because we will use Apache2 with this Laravel framework, Therefore, at first we will install Apache server

Step 1: Installing Apache2

Apache web server is the most popular web server in the world, because it is well documented and has been in use for a long time in the web. However, it is also known as the default web server for hosting websites. To install Apache using Ubuntu package manager follow the instructions.

Command:

After following the commands, you can now see the default Ubuntu web page. Which will be look like something as follows.

Step 2: Installing MySQL

After installing web server now we need to store data that will be used for future operations. However, database management system is now a basic need for any website to fetch and store data. Therefore, we will now install MySQL database management system, which will be done by following the instructions given below.

Command:

This will install MySQL, note that you don’t need to type sudo apt update command because when you install apache, then this package will be already updated along with installation of Apache2.

Step 3 — Installing PHP

PHP is basically the coding module of the Laravel framework, it is also a setup that will code to display the content, run scripts and connects the server to your database that it MySQL. This is needed in order to get information and process the content to your web server for further representation.To install PHP along with some packages, kindly follow the given command.

Command:

In most case, when you want to modify the Apache server files whenever a directory is requested. At the time when user request a directory from server, then Apache will look for that file. We will need to tell the server to use PHP file so that it will be on first priority. So to do this just type the following command:

Command:

Step 4 — Install Composer

After installing PHP, now it’s time to install composer. To install composer, you must have curl package to be installed, in order to run the command to execute them. To install this type following command

Command:

Now go to laravel directory and create new laravel project to do this enter these commands. Note: in my case osreader is project name you can change it by yours.

Step 5 — Configure Apache2

After installing the composer, now we need to configure Apache2 to use it with Laravel files. This file will now control that how the user will access Laravel content. To configure Apahce2 follow the instruction given accordingly.

Command:

After typing the command now copy and paste the following content to the file and save it.

Step 6 — Use and enable Laravel Rewrite module

Now we need to use and enable the Laravel modules for further processing Just follow the instructions to do this.

Command:

Step 7 — Restart Apache2

After performing all the settings and installation, now it’s time to restart the Apache2 so that it will run after, and can be used. Now type the following command and restart the Apache2.

Command:

After complete these steps you are ready to go with your Laravel Project.

Conclusion:

After performing all the steps accordingly, we are now able to install Laravel framework to Ubuntu as well as installing and configuration of Apache2. You just need to perform steps accordingly to avoid any mistakes. However, if you still face any problem regarding this, you can contact us anytime.

The post How to Install Laravel on Ubuntu 18.04 appeared first on Linux Windows and android Tutorials.

Before starting the installation of MongoDB on Ubuntu. Let’s have a description about MongoDB. MongoDB a type of database in which we deal with document i.e. database which is more scalable and flexible with the queries that you run to get results on specific conditions. MongoDB is a very fast and more easy to use than traditional database.

In this article we will learn how to install and manage MongoDb to use in our Ubuntu 18.04 server. So let’s start by the following steps.

STEP1:  ADDING MONGODB PACKAGE REPOSITORY TO UBUNTU.

The first step for installing MongoDB on Ubuntu is to add repository files of MongoDB. Actually MongoDB is already in the repository in the Ubuntu by default. But the version in the repositories might not be the latest to your requirements. Therefore, to get the latest version of MongoDB, you have to add its repository in the Ubuntu. Following is the process to add official repository key by command.

Command:  

sudo apt-key adv --keyserver hkp://keyserver.ubuntu.com:80 --recv 2930ADAE8CAF5059EE73BB4B58712A2291FA4AD5

After adding repository key into Ubuntu server, then you have to add the repository to your own system. For this do follow the command mentioned below:

Command:

echo "deb [ arch=amd64,arm64 ] https://repo.mongodb.org/apt/ubuntu xenial/mongodb-org/3.6 multiverse" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/mongodb-org-3.6.list

Step 2: Install MongoDB on Ubuntu 18.04

After adding repositories, you have to install MongoDB on Ubuntu, for this purpose follow the instructions by typing the following commands. This will install MongoDB completely on your Ubuntu and you will get access to use MongoDB.

Command:

sudo apt update 
sudo apt install -y mongodb-org

Step 3: Start MongoDB

After the successful installation of MongoDB over Ubuntu, you can now start MongoDB and manage its components. To verify whether MongoDB is running and active, run following command.

Command:

sudo systemctl status mongod

To start MongoDB type

sudo service mongod start

Step 4: Configure Mongo or Open Mongo Shell

When MongoDB is installed, then you can configure database username and passwords for further use. But before configuring username and passwords MongoDB shell has to be in running state or you have to open its shell. So for opening shell run or type the following command.

Command: 

mongo

Step 5:  Use database Admin Mode

After opening the shell, you may need to move or switch to the database admin where you can create users and passwords respectively. For this purpose, just use the command mentioned below.

Command: 

use admin

Step 6:  Create root user for database

Once you are in the database admin mode, now you can create root user for database. This root user will have permission and roles as an admin to the database. To create root user type following command using your own username and password.

Command:

db.createUser({user:"user1", pwd:"adminuser", roles:[{role:"root", db:"admin"}]})

Step 7:  MongoDB authentication

When you done with creating your root user, then after exiting the MongoDB, you can now authenticate this. To authenticate MongoDb use the following command.

Command: 

nano /lib/systemd/system/mongod.serviceExecStart=/usr/bin/mongod --auth --config /etc/mongod.confsystemctl daemon-reload

Step 8: Connect MongoDB after restarting

After complete authentication and restarting of MongoDB, now you have to connect again with the details of username and password, you have created earlier in the creating root user step. Step 8: to connect run the following command.

Command:

to connect MongoDB

mongo -u admin -p admin123 --authenticationDatabase admin

to restart MongoDB*

sudo service mongod restart     

Conclusion:

After following all the guideline, you are now able to install MongoDb repositories in Ubuntu as well as in your system. And using MongoDb to manage and authenticate as well as creating root user. However, you should follow the same procedure to make it accurate. If you face any problem, then leave a message or comment. We will help you in every matter.

The post How to Install MongoDB on Ubuntu 18.04 appeared first on Linux Windows and android Tutorials.

You can check out all the new features of Ubuntu 18.04. Now, you are obviously excited to use it in your system, right? Moreover, there’s a really powerful feature called “Minimal” installation that can save a lot of space on your system. Although that’s optimized for cloud solutions and only experts, today we’re going to take a look. Note that you can also follow the same steps for installing Ubuntu 18.04 LTS like any other normal system.

Preparing the system

Before you get yourself with the latest Ubuntu, it’s always safe to make a backup of your important files, especially on your “home” folder. Take a backup, download the Ubuntu ISO, make a bootable USB flash drive and boot into the installation media.

Installing Ubuntu

Let’s start with installing Ubuntu 18.04 LTS.

• After booting up, you’ll get into the option for installing and trying Ubuntu. Let’s go with “Install Ubuntu”. You can also enjoy the live session if you want.

• Select your keyboard layout here.

• Here’s the interesting part of Ubuntu where you can go with normal and minimal installation type. I’m going with “Minimal” installation. You can choose the normal one. Make sure to check out the option of installing 3^rd-party software as well.

• You have the option of making changes to your partition table. Make sure that you don’t delete any important partition, or you’ll end up in a huge loss. Moreover, make sure to create at least 4GB of “swap” file and 16GB (recommended 64GB) of “/” mount point.
• You have to choose your time zone. Select the appropriate location for yourself.

• Enter your favorite user account name and other credentials here.

Let’s wait for the process to finish. Depending on your location and other things, it might take a while for the process to complete. After completing the process, you have to restart your system.

Done! Let’s enjoy the fun and excitement of the brand new Ubuntu 18.04 LTS!

The post How to Install Ubuntu 18.04 LTS appeared first on Linux Windows and android Tutorials.