As is well known to many HTTP is the protocol that allows the transfer of information over the web. This protocol was improved and evolved little by little until it reached version 2 which incorporates many advantages in security and performance.

HTTP/2 is a binary protocol that retains the same semantics as the HTTP1.X protocol, which means that all verbs, headers, etc. continue to work unchanged. This means that there is no need to rewrite the way connections are made in the server. With this new version, transfer speed is improved and connection security is added.

Some advantages of using this protocol instead of HTTP 1.x are:

• Faster loading speed
• Improved web positioning, thanks to the fact that Google values sites with better loading times.
• Less bandwidth consumption
• Immediate presentation of the results.

So if you have a website then you should enable HTTP/2 at the server level and you will learn how to do it today.

Enabling HTTP/2 on Nginx

In this case, I have used a clean install of Ubuntu 20.04. So, connect to it, and update it.

sudo apt update
sudo apt upgrade

Proceed now, to install Nginx from the official Ubuntu repositories.

sudo apt install nginx
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
The following additional packages will be installed:
  fontconfig-config fonts-dejavu-core libfontconfig1 libgd3 libjbig0 libjpeg-turbo8 libjpeg8 libnginx-mod-http-image-filter libnginx-mod-http-xslt-filter
  libnginx-mod-mail libnginx-mod-stream libtiff5 libwebp6 libx11-6 libx11-data libxau6 libxcb1 libxdmcp6 libxpm4 libxslt1.1 nginx-common nginx-core
Suggested packages:
  libgd-tools fcgiwrap nginx-doc ssl-cert
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  fontconfig-config fonts-dejavu-core libfontconfig1 libgd3 libjbig0 libjpeg-turbo8 libjpeg8 libnginx-mod-http-image-filter libnginx-mod-http-xslt-filter
  libnginx-mod-mail libnginx-mod-stream libtiff5 libwebp6 libx11-6 libx11-data libxau6 libxcb1 libxdmcp6 libxpm4 libxslt1.1 nginx nginx-common nginx-core
0 upgraded, 23 newly installed, 0 to remove and 3 not upgraded.
Need to get 3,334 kB of archives.
After this operation, 11.6 MB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n]

At the end of the installation, it is convenient to check the status of the service.

sudo systemctl status nginx
● nginx.service - A high performance web server and a reverse proxy server
     Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
     Active: active (running) since Mon 2021-07-19 18:30:45 CEST; 58s ago
       Docs: man:nginx(8)
   Main PID: 1649 (nginx)
      Tasks: 2 (limit: 2286)
     Memory: 4.1M
     CGroup: /system.slice/nginx.service
             ├─1649 nginx: master process /usr/sbin/nginx -g daemon on; master_process on;
             └─1650 nginx: worker process

Jul 19 18:30:45 osradar systemd[1]: Starting A high performance web server and a reverse proxy server...
Jul 19 18:30:45 osradar systemd[1]: Started A high performance web server and a reverse proxy server.

Now, it is necessary to obtain a new TLS certificate to enable HTTPS which is a previous step. This can be done quickly and easily using certbot and its nginx plugin.

To install them, run this command

sudo apt install certbot python3-certbot-nginx
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
The following additional packages will be installed:
  python3-acme python3-certbot python3-configargparse python3-future python3-josepy python3-mock python3-openssl python3-parsedatetime python3-pbr python3-pyparsing
  python3-requests-toolbelt python3-rfc3339 python3-tz python3-zope.component python3-zope.event python3-zope.hookable python3-zope.interface
Suggested packages:
  python3-certbot-apache python-certbot-doc python-acme-doc python-certbot-nginx-doc python-future-doc python-mock-doc python-openssl-doc python3-openssl-dbg
  python-pyparsing-doc
Recommended packages:
  python3-icu
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  certbot python3-acme python3-certbot python3-certbot-nginx python3-configargparse python3-future python3-josepy python3-mock python3-openssl python3-parsedatetime
  python3-pbr python3-pyparsing python3-requests-toolbelt python3-rfc3339 python3-tz python3-zope.component python3-zope.event python3-zope.hookable
  python3-zope.interface
0 upgraded, 19 newly installed, 0 to remove and 3 not upgraded.
Need to get 1,143 kB of archives.
After this operation, 6,405 kB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n]

Get the certificate for Nginx and your domain like this

sudo certbot --nginx -d [your-domain] -d www.[your-domain]

Now to complete the HTTP/2 enablement you need to modify the ServerBlock file of your website.

sudo nano /etc/nginx/sites-available/your-domain.conf 

And add the following lines before the `http` section

listen [::]:443 ssl http2 ipv6only=on;
listen 443 ssl http2;
ssl_protocols TLSv1.2;

In it, we indicate which is the protocol listening order that Nginx will use for the site configuration.

For more information on how to create a server block for a website, we have this post and the official Nginx documentation.

Save your changes and close the text editor.

In the end, restart Nginx to apply the changes.

sudo systemctl restart nginx

And with this, HTTP/2 on Nginx will be enabled.

So, enjoy it.

Conclusion

In this post, you have learned something fundamental to improve the loading and speed of your web pages. This protocol change is an advantage that you can use to your advantage. As you can see the process is not strange at all and it is usable.

The post How to enable HTTP/2 on Nginx web server appeared first on Linux Windows and android Tutorials.

Why do it?

The algorithm that Brotli uses is more efficient at compressing files than other compression methods. Therefore we will be able to notice how the files on our server will weigh less and this will influence the load of the files.

In general, you can expect files to be 15% to 25% smaller. So it is always a good idea to do it even if GZIP is the most popular among them. For a while, Brotli lacked the browser support that would allow it to be used in the same way as GZIP, but that changed and nowadays they are all supported.

So, in this post, you will learn how to enable it in Nginx using Ubuntu 20.04 as an example.

Enabling Brotlin compression on Nginx on Ubuntu 20.04

The first thing we have to do is to connect to the server to update it.

sudo apt update
sudo apt upgrade

After that, we have to install Nginx from the source code because by default the module is not enabled.

To do this, install the necessary packages:

sudo apt install dpkg-dev build-essential gnupg2 git gcc cmake libpcre3 libpcre3-dev zlib1g zlib1g-dev openssl libssl-dev curl unzip

The best way to get the Nginx code is to add the official repository. This ensures that we have the latest stable version and that the system meets the requirements.

So, add the GPG key.

curl -L https://nginx.org/keys/nginx_signing.key | sudo apt-key add -
OK

Create a new file to add the Nginx repository.

sudo nano /etc/apt/sources.list.d/nginx.list

And add the following content

deb http://nginx.org/packages/ubuntu/ focal nginx
deb-src http://nginx.org/packages/ubuntu/ focal nginx

Save the changes and close the editor

Refresh APT

sudo apt update

from location /usr/local/src/ download the Nginx source code

cd /usr/local/src/` cd /usr/local/src
sudo apt source nginx

Thanks to APT we will be able to automatically download all Nginx dependencies. To do this, run the following command:

sudo apt build-dep nginx

This will start installing the dependencies required by nginx.

Installing the latest version of Brotli

To install the latest version of Brotli you have to clone the Brotli repository.

sudo git clone --recursive https://github.com/google/ngx_brotli.git

Installing and enabling the Brotli compression on Nginx

Before compiling Nginx you need to modify some rules by editing the debian/rules file.

cd /usr/local/src/nginx-*/
sudo nano debian/rules

Now locate the config.env.nginx and config.env.nginx_debug sections and add the following after ./configure.

--add-module=/usr/local/src/ngx_brotli

Just like in the image.

Save the changes and close the editor.

Now, create the Nginx package

cd ..
sudo dpkg-buildpackage -b -uc -us

At the end of the process, you can see the packages with the following command.

ls /usr/local/src/*.deb
/usr/local/src/nginx_1.20.1-1~focal_amd64.deb /usr/local/src/nginx-dbg_1.20.1-1~focal_amd64.deb

And now proceed to install it, without any problems by running

sudo dpkg -i /usr/local/src/*.deb

With Nginx installed correctly, what you have to do is create a new virtual host or Server Block as it is called in Nginx, and under the http section add the following

brotli on;
brotli_comp_level 6;
brotli_static on;
brotli_types text/plain text/css application/javascript application/x-javascript text/xml 
application/xml application/xml+rss text/javascript image/x-icon image/vnd.microsoft.icon image/bmp image/svg+xml;

Save your changes and start Nginx if it is stopped or restart it if it is already running.

sudo systemctl restart nginx

This is enough.

This is enough, but if you want to verify the process, you have to run the following command:

curl -I -H 'Accept-Encoding: br' [your-domain]

If on the output screen the value of Content-Encoding is similar to Content-Encoding: br, then the whole process has been successful.

Enjoy it

Conclusion

In a web server, web server enhancement tools are essential for everything to work. The compression Brotlin helps a lot in this task and with Nginx, it can be useful.

The post How to enable the Brotli compression on Nginx and Ubuntu 20.04 appeared first on Linux Windows and android Tutorials.

Fedora 34 is a distribution sponsored by RHEL which makes it inherit several of its security policies. Of course Fedora 34 is oriented to the average Linux user, so no major security policies are required. However, it is one of the most secure Linux distributions out there. So it is very common to see that there are Linux developers who choose it for their web projects. This is where Nginx becomes almost indispensable.

About Nginx we have talked a lot on our website, however, I will briefly explain that it is an open source web server. Its main advantage over Apache is that it is very lightweight and response times to large requests are very low. That is, it is ideal if you are going to handle a lot of simulated connections. Or yes, the web application is complex and requires many requests to the server. In any case, we are in the presence of a fantastic web server. So, let us get Nginx on Fedora 34.

Install Nginx on Fedora 34

First of all, you need to know the name of the particular package. To do this, we’ll use dnf to get it. So, open a terminal and run:

:~$ sudo dnf search nginx

As you can see in the image, there are several packages related to nginx in the Fedora 34 repositories. However, we need to install the nginx package.

:~$ sudo dnf install nginx

After confirm the process, the download and installation will begin.

Then, when the installation is finished, we must start the Nginx service in order for it to work. To do this, type the following command:

:~$ sudo systemctl start nginx

Also, if you want nginx to start with the system, run this command:

:~$ sudo systemctl enable nginx

Next, open your favorite web browser and go to http://localhost and you will see this.

So, that is it.

Conclusion

Installing Nginx is very simple but it is good to keep it in mind especially if you are new to this Linux distribution. Nginx is very powerful and makes many websites agile to the many requests made to it.

Tell us, do you like Nginx? did you find the post useful?

Please share this post with your friends.

The post Install Nginx on Fedora 34 appeared first on Linux Windows and android Tutorials.

A private Cloud with Nextcloud

There are many data storage services in clouds. Technological giants like Apple, Google, and Microsoft have them. However, there are people or companies that want to have absolute control over their own data. Nextcloud is there for that.

Nextcloud is an open-source web application that allows us to create our own private cloud. It was created with the primary objective that it is the user who has absolute control of the files.

Many companies install Nextcloud on their servers to create their private clouds. This way they can rely on their own data management. It is even of great help in educational or personal projects.

Install Nextcloud (LEMP) on Ubuntu

1.- Install LEMP on Ubuntu 20.04

Apache is a fantastic web server and nobody can deny that. However, Nginx is well known for its great performance in high traffic situations. That’s why it’s a favorite of many sysadmins that require a lightweight and efficient server.

So, open a terminal or connect to your server and update the distribution

sudo apt update
sudo apt upgrade

Now install Nginx, along with all the PHP modules, MariaDB and some extra packages we’ll need to run:

sudo apt install nginx php7.4-common php7.4-mysql php7.4-fpm php7.4-gd php7.4-json php7.4-curl php7.4-zip php7.4-xml php7.4-mbstring php7.4-bz2 php7.4-intl php7.4-bcmath php7.4-gmp php-imagick mariadb-server unzip

Then start the php-fpm service

sudo systemctl start php7.4-fpm

And then it increases the maximum size of the uploaded files:

sudo nano /etc/php/7.4/fpm/php.ini

And it changes the value

upload_max_filesize = 2M

Set the value that you prefer, in this example, I will place 512M

upload_max_filesize = 512M

Save the changes and close the editor.

Now configure MariaDB with the mysql_secure_installation script

sudo mysql_secure_installation

And there you can define the root password and secure the installation of MariaDB

Remove anonymous users? [Y/n]
Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n]
Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n]
Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n]

Now create the database as well as the user who will use Nextcloud:

sudo mysql -u root -p

CREATE DATABASE nextcloud;
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON nextcloud.* TO 'nextclouduser'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'nextcloudpss';
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
exit;

Now we can start the installation.

2.- Download Nextcloud

Now if you can download Nextcloud, you can use the wget command

cd /tmp/
wget -c https://download.nextcloud.com/server/releases/nextcloud-20.0.4.zip
--2021-01-11 16:11:32--  https://download.nextcloud.com/server/releases/nextcloud-20.0.4.zip
 Resolving download.nextcloud.com (download.nextcloud.com)… 2a01:4f9:2a:3119::181, 95.217.64.181
 Connecting to download.nextcloud.com (download.nextcloud.com)|2a01:4f9:2a:3119::181|:443… connected.
 HTTP request sent, awaiting response… 200 OK
 Length: 142325595 (136M) [application/zip]
 Saving to: ‘nextcloud-20.0.4.zip’
 nextcloud-20.0.4.zip                       100%[=====================================================================================>] 135.73M  57.8MB/s    in 2.4s    
 2021-01-11 16:11:35 (57.8 MB/s) - ‘nextcloud-20.0.4.zip’ saved [142325595/142325595]

After that, unzip it in the Nginx root directory:

sudo unzip nextcloud-20.0.4.zip -d /var/www/html/

Change the owner of the folder:

sudo chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www/html/

Now create a new ServerBlock with the following guidelines that will facilitate the documentation of Nextcloud:

server {
     listen 80;
     listen [::]:80;
     server_name angtest.ga;
     client_max_body_size 512M;
     fastcgi_buffers 64 4K;
     gzip on;
     gzip_vary on;
     gzip_comp_level 4;
     gzip_min_length 256;
     gzip_proxied expired no-cache no-store private no_last_modified no_etag auth;
     gzip_types application/atom+xml application/javascript application/json application/ld+json     application/manifest+json application/rss+xml application/vnd.geo+json application/vnd.ms-fontobject application/x-font-ttf application/x-web-app-manifest+json application/xhtml+xml application/xml font/opentype image/bmp image/svg+xml image/x-icon text/cache-manifest text/css text/plain text/vcard text/vnd.rim.location.xloc text/vtt text/x-component text/x-cross-domain-policy;

     add_header Referrer-Policy                      "no-referrer"   always;
     add_header X-Content-Type-Options               "nosniff"   always;
     add_header X-Download-Options                   "noopen"   always;
     add_header X-Frame-Options                      "SAMEORIGIN"    always;
     add_header X-Permitted-Cross-Domain-Policies    "none"  always;
     add_header X-Robots-Tag                         "none"           always;
     add_header X-XSS-Protection                     "1; mode=block" always;
     
     fastcgi_hide_header X-Powered-By;
     root /var/www/html/nextcloud;
     index index.php index.html /index.php$request_uri; 
     expires 1m;
     location = / {
              if ( $http_user_agent ~ ^DavClnt ) { 
                            return 302 /remote.php/webdav/$is_args$args;
                  } 
                  } 
     location = /robots.txt {     
              allow all;
              log_not_found off;
              access_log off;
              } 
     location ^~ /.well-known {     
               # The following 6 rules are borrowed from `.htaccess`
              rewrite ^/\.well-known/host-meta\.json  /public.php?service=host-meta-json  last;
              rewrite ^/\.well-known/host-meta        /public.php?service=host-meta       last;
              rewrite ^/\.well-known/webfinger        /public.php?service=webfinger       last;     
              rewrite ^/\.well-known/nodeinfo         /public.php?service=nodeinfo        last;     

              location = /.well-known/carddav     { return 301 /remote.php/dav/; }
              location = /.well-known/caldav      { return 301 /remote.php/dav/; }     

              try_files $uri $uri/ =404; 
            } 

location ~ ^/(?:build|tests|config|lib|3rdparty|templates|data)(?:$|/)  { return 404; } 
location ~ ^/(?:\.|autotest|occ|issue|indie|db_|console){ return 404; } 

location ~ \.php(?:$|/) {
             fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+?\.php)(/.*)$;
             set $path_info $fastcgi_path_info;
             try_files $fastcgi_script_name =404;
             include fastcgi_params;
             fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
             fastcgi_param PATH_INFO $path_info;
             fastcgi_param HTTPS on;
             fastcgi_param modHeadersAvailable true; 
             fastcgi_param front_controller_active true;
             fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php/php7.4-fpm.sock;
             fastcgi_intercept_errors on;
             fastcgi_request_buffering off;

            } 

   location ~ \.(?:css|js|svg|gif)$ {
             try_files $uri /index.php$request_uri;
             expires 6M;
             access_log off;
             } 
   location ~ \.woff2?$ {
             try_files $uri /index.php$request_uri;
             expires 7d;
             access_log off;
            } 
   location / {
             try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php$request_uri; 
     }
 }

Remember to change the ServerName values to your own. Save the changes and close the editor

Check the Nginx configuration to make sure everything is fine:

sudo nginx -t

Output:

nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful

And now you have to get a certificate for your domain. This is quite simple thanks to Certbot.

sudo apt install certbot python3-certbot-nginx

Then you can start the process:

sudo certbot --nginx --agree-tos --redirect --hsts --staple-ocsp --email you@example.com -d angtest.ga

Replace the email and domain values with your own.

At the end of the process, apply the changes by restarting nginx.

sudo systemctl reload nginx

3.- Install Nextcloud

Now open your web browser and go to https://your-domain and you will see the following screen

There you will have to create the administrator user and configure the database parameters below.

You can also change the path where the data is stored, but you have to create the folder on your server.

When you are ready, Nextcloud will be ready for you.

So, enjoy it.

Conclusion

Nextcloud is a very useful tool for small and medium businesses that want to create a private cloud quickly and secure.

The post How to install Nextcloud (LEMP) on Ubuntu 20.04 appeared first on Linux Windows and android Tutorials.

Nginx and PHP is a very strong combination for a web server. If we add FreeBSD to them then it’s a safe bet that will give us a lot of satisfaction.

To complete this post, you need a root user or one who has sudo access.

So, let’s get started.

Install Nginx and PHP on FreeBSD 12

1.- Install Nginx on FreeBSD 12

We have to start with the webserver. So open a terminal or start an SSH session on your server and update the whole system:

sudo pkg update
sudo pkg upgrade

Afterward, install some packages needed to continue the tutorial:

sudo pkg install nano bash curl

Then, install Nginx from the official Nginx repositories. This is the most secure and stable way to proceed.

sudo pkg install nginx
Updating FreeBSD repository catalogue…
FreeBSD repository is up to date.
All repositories are up to date.
The following 2 package(s) will be affected (of 0 checked):
New packages to be INSTALLED:
nginx: 1.18.0_25,2
pcre: 8.44
Number of packages to be installed: 2
The process will require 8 MiB more space.
2 MiB to be downloaded.
Proceed with this action? [y/N]:

After that, enable the Nginx service:

sudo sysrc nginx_enable=yes
nginx_enable: -> yes

Start it:

sudo service nginx start

And check the status of the service to verify that everything is going well:

sudo service nginx status
nginx is running as pid 882.

Also, you can check the installed version:

nginx -v
nginx version: nginx/1.18.0

2.- Install PHP on FreeBSD

It is now time to install PHP which is available from the official FreeBSD repositories.

So, the whole installation is summarized by running the following command:

sudo pkg install php74
Updating FreeBSD repository catalogue…
FreeBSD repository is up to date.
All repositories are up to date.
The following 4 package(s) will be affected (of 0 checked):
New packages to be INSTALLED:
libargon2: 20190702
libxml2: 2.9.10_1
pcre2: 10.35
php74: 7.4.12
Number of packages to be installed: 4
The process will require 40 MiB more space.
6 MiB to be downloaded.
Proceed with this action? [y/N]:

Also, you can install other modules that are required by web applications. One way to know which modules are available is to run them:

sudo pkg search ^php74-*

And there you can choose which ones to install or not.

3.- Configuring PHP to work with Nginx

Now we have to make some arrangements to make PHP work with Nginx.

First, copy the example configuration file and rename it to the real one.

sudo cp /usr/local/etc/php.ini-production /usr/local/etc/php.ini

Edit this file with nano:

sudo nano /usr/local/etc/php.ini

And it leaves the parameter of the following form:

cgi.fix_pathinfo=0

You can use CTRL + W to search within the archive and save time.

Save the changes and close the editor

Now edit the file /usr/local/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf

sudo nano /usr/local/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf

And uncomment the following lines:

listen.owner = www
listen.group = www
listen.mode = 0660

And it replaces:

;listen = 127.0.0.1:9000

To:

listen = /var/run/php-fpm.sock;

Again, save the changes and close the file.

Now enable and start php_fpm service

4.- Configuring Nginx

Now it is necessary to edit the default server block configuration file:

sudo nano /usr/local/etc/nginx/example.conf

And add the following

server {
listen 80;
server_name your-server;
root /usr/local/www/nginx-dist;
index index.php index.html index.htm;
location / {
try_files $uri $uri/ =404;
}
location ~ .php$ {
fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php-fpm.sock;
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
include fastcgi_params;
}
}

Remember to change server_name to yours

Save the changes and close the file.

Then, in the main configuration file of Nginx, you have to add the previous file:

sudo nano /usr/local/etc/nginx/nginx.conf

and within the http section add the following:

include example.conf;

Save the changes and close the file

Then check the syntax of Nginx

sudo nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful

Then restart Nginx

sudo service nginx reload

5.- Testing Nginx and PHP on FreeBSD

To check the results, just create a PHP file with some code in the

sudo nano /usr/local/www/nginx-dist/info.php

For example, the phpinfo method

<?php
phpinfo();
?>

Save the changes and close the editor.

Now open it from a web browser.

So, Nginx and PHP are working on FreeBSD

Conclusion

In this post, you learned how to install Nginx on PHP on FreeBSD quickly and easily. This combination is a guarantee of speed, efficiency, and stability.

The post How to install Nginx and PHP on FreeBSD? appeared first on Linux Windows and android Tutorials.

Nginx is one of the most popular Open Source services in the world. It is a web server that stands out for being high-performance and providing an ability to handle many requests on one server. In addition, Nginx has recently been purchased by F5 Networks to continue a growth process.

All in all, it is easy to deduce that OpenSUSE or SUSE are privileged options for running network services. So today I will show you how to install Nginx on OpenSUSE 15.2 or SUSE 15. This way you can enjoy a great web server in a great Linux distribution.

1. Upgrade the system

As always we recommend doing a general update to the system. With this, you will be more stable and ready to start the process.

:~$ sudo zypper up

The result will be that your system will have the latest security patches installed. So it will be safer and more protected against cybercrime.

2. Install Nginx on OpenSUSE 15.2

Nginx is available in the OpenSUSE and SUSE repositories. This is a great advantage to increase the ease of installation. On the other hand, we will not always have the latest versions.

So, first, search for Nginx using Zypper.

:~$ sudo zypper search nginx

As you can see, there are several packages related to Nginx within the official repositories of the distribution. However, the nginx package is the one you need to install the web server.

:~$ sudo zypper in nginx

Then, it is a good idea to enable the Nginx service to run as soon as the system starts.

:~$ sudo systemctl enable nginx

After that, start the service.

:~$ sudo systemctl start nginx

If you want to see the status of the Nginx service, you can use the following command:

:~$ sudo sytemctl status nginx

Now, it is time to test it.

3. Test Nginx on OpenSUSE

The next step is to check that Nginx is running correctly. To do this, you need to make an HTML file and place it in the root directory of Nginx in OpenSUSE / SUSE.

So, use nano to do it.

:~$ sudo nano /srv/www/htdocs/index.html

Add the following:

<html>
<body>
<h1>Welcome to osradar </h1>
</body>
</html>

Save the file and close it.

Then, make some changes to the firewall settings to allow the HTTP service:

:~$ sudo firewall-cmd --add-port=80/tcp --permanent
:~$ sudo firewall-cmd --reload

Now, open your favorite web browser like Firefox or Chrome and go to http://SERVER_IP/ and you will see this.

So, Nginx is working.

Conclusion

OpenSUSE and SUSE have been characterized by fairly professional distributions that behave excellently on a server. However, they do this without sacrificing the power and robustness that Linux offers.

In this tutorial, you have learned how to install Nginx on OpenSUSE 15.2 / SUSE 15 and it is the gateway to great things with this distribution.

Please, share this post with your friends.

You can also read:

OpenSUSE 15.1 is available!!

The post How to install Nginx on OpenSUSE 15. 2 / 15.1? appeared first on Linux Windows and android Tutorials.

What is WordPress?

WordPress is a CMS (content manager system) that is to say it is an application that allows you to create a blog of information. However, over time has evolved and not only provides services to create blogs but corporate websites or what you can imagine.

Thanks to WordPress and CMS, publish news and entries, do not require knowledge of HTML or PHP, but everything is visual.

So, if you want to have a personal blog or for educational purposes, WordPress is a pretty good solution.

Install WordPress with Nginx on Ubuntu 20.04

1.- Install LEMP on Ubuntu 20.04

WordPress is an application created with PHP. That is, we need a server like Apache or Nginx. In this post, we will choose the last one.

So, installing LEMP is the first step to do. You can read about it.

How to install LEMP on Ubuntu 20.04?

It is also important that you install these PHP modules:

php7.4-common php7.4-mbstring php7.4-xmlrpc php7.4-soap php7.4-gd php7.4-xml php7.4-intl php7.4-mysql php7.4-cli php7.4-ldap php7.4-zip php7.4-curl php-fpm

And now you can continue.

2.- Configuring MariaDB

WordPress requires a relational database manager like MariaDB. So the most convenient thing is to create a new database for WordPress.

So, access the MariaDB shell:

:~$ sudo mysql -u root -p

Now create the new database:

> CREATE DATABASE wordpress;

Then create and assign permissions to a new user dedicated to WordPress. This will avoid working with the root user.

> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES on wordpress.* TO 'wordpress_user'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'wordpress_pss123';
> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

Finally get out of MariaDB’s console.

> exit;

Now let’s continue.

3.- Downloading WordPress

Now we can get started with the WordPress download. To do this, we will do it from the /tmp/ folder and using the wget command.

:~$ cd /tmp/
:~$ wget -c https://wordpress.org/latest.tar.gz
--2020-04-30 15:41:25-- https://wordpress.org/latest.tar.gz
Resolving wordpress.org (wordpress.org)… 198.143.164.252
Connecting to wordpress.org (wordpress.org)|198.143.164.252|:443… connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response… 200 OK
Length: 12234700 (12M) [application/octet-stream]
Saving to: ‘latest.tar.gz’
latest.tar.gz 100%[=====================================================================================>] 11.67M 77.0KB/s in 67s
2020-04-30 15:42:34 (178 KB/s) - ‘latest.tar.gz’ saved [12234700/12234700]

Once you have downloaded the file. Decompress it.

:~$ tar -xvzf latest.tar.gz

Then, move it to Nginx’s root directory, assign the correct permissions to the folder and make Nginx the owner of it.

:~$ sudo mv wordpress/ /var/www/html/
:~$ sudo chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www/html/wordpress/
:~$ sudo chmod 755 -R /var/www/html/wordpress/

Next, we need to make a new Nginx Server Block for WordPress. To do this, create a new file in /etc/nginx/sites-available/ called wordpress.conf

:~$ sudo nano /etc/nginx/sites-available/wordpress.conf

And add the following content:

server {
listen 80;
server_name blog.osradar.test;
root /var/www/html/wordpress;
index index.php;
location / {
try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php$is_args$args;
}
location ~ .php$ {
fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php/php7.4-fpm.sock;
fastcgi_index index.php;
include /etc/nginx/fastcgi_params;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
include fastcgi_params;
fastcgi_param SERVER_NAME $host;
}
location ~ /files{
deny all;
}
}

Of course, replace “your-domain” with yours. Save the changes and close the file.

Next, restart Nginx to enable the new server Block.

:~$ sudo systemctl restart nginx

So, you need to complete the installation using the web interface.

4.- Install WordPress with Nginx on Ubuntu 20.04

Now it is necessary to complete the installation of WordPress and for that there is the installation wizard.

So, open a web browser and go to http://your-server and you will see the following screen.

Once you have chosen the language of your preference. Continue the installation.

On the next screen, you will be informed that some information is needed from your database.

Then, enter the credentials from the database we created earlier.

Then, start the installation.

If everything went well, you will have to enter the information of the website you are creating. As well as the creation of the administrator account.

In the end, you will see that everything has been a success and you can log in.

Then, you will see the Log in screen.

When you log in you will see the dashboard.

And that’s it. WordPress is installed correctly.

Conclusion

WordPress is a fairly popular CMS. Thanks to this application, you can create your website in a short time and without great knowledge of HTML. Also, in this post, you have seen that installing it is not too complicated for the great advantages it provides.

Please share this post with your friends and join our Telegram channel.

The post How to install WordPress with Nginx on Ubuntu 20.04? appeared first on Linux Windows and android Tutorials.

A web server can be cataloged as an essential element of the network. Therefore, you must have a program that is the best and that is Nginx. Nginx is a lightweight, open source and widely popular web server that bases its success on performance when processing websites. Along with Apache web server are the two references within Linux for that purpose.

So, let’s start.

1. Upgrade the system

The first step in this process is to keep your system up to date. Therefore, connect to your server and run.

:~$ sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade

With this, you will have a more stable system, robust and ready to start the installation.

2. Install required packages

To compile the Nginx source code, it is necessary to install some previous packages.

:~$ sudo apt install build-essential libpcre3-dev zlib1g-dev libssl-dev libatomic-ops-dev libxml2-dev libxslt1-dev libgeoip1 libgeoip-dev libgd-dev google-perftools libgoogle-perftools-dev libperl-dev

So, as you can see in the image, many packages related to compilation and package construction are installed.

3. Download and install Nginx

Now proceed to download the latest stable version of Ngnix from your website. Use the following command to do it

:~$ wget -c http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.15.8.tar.gz

Note: At the time of writing this post the latest stable version of Ngnix is 1.15.8. First, find out which version you want to download and modify the previous command. It also work with Nginx 1.17.6.

Now, decompress the file.

:~$ tar -xvzf nginx-1.15.8.tar.gz

Now, create a new user for Nginx.

:~$ sudo useradd -s /sbin/nologin nginx

Next, enter the created directory and start the configuration.

:~$ cd nginx-1.15.8/
:~$ sudo ./configure --user=nginx --group=nginx --sbin-path=/usr/sbin/nginx --conf-path=/etc/nginx/nginx.conf --with-select_module --with-poll_module --with-threads --with-file-aio --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_v2_module --with-http_realip_module --with-http_addition_module --with-http_xslt_module --with-http_xslt_module=dynamic --with-http_image_filter_module --with-http_image_filter_module=dynamic --with-http_geoip_module --with-http_geoip_module=dynamic --with-http_sub_module --with-http_dav_module --with-http_flv_module --with-http_mp4_module --with-http_gunzip_module --with-http_gzip_static_module --with-http_auth_request_module --with-http_random_index_module --with-http_secure_link_module --with-http_degradation_module --with-http_slice_module --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_perl_module --with-http_perl_module=dynamic --with-mail --with-mail=dynamic --with-mail_ssl_module --with-stream --with-stream=dynamic --with-stream_ssl_module --with-stream_realip_module --with-stream_geoip_module --with-stream_geoip_module=dynamic --with-stream_ssl_preread_module --with-google_perftools_module --with-cpp_test_module --with-compat --with-pcre --with-pcre-jit  --with-zlib-asm=CPU --with-libatomic --with-debug --with-ld-opt="-Wl,-E"

As you can see, the command is quite extensive because it requires that you indicate which modules or options will be enabled.

When you finish the configuration, you should see something like this.

So, install it.

:~$ sudo make && sudo make install

And that’s it.

4. Create a systemd service file for Nginx

To better manage Ngnix, create a file to make it a systemd service.

:~$ sudo nano /lib/systemd/system/nginx.service

And add the following:

[Unit]
Description=The Nginx 1.15.8 service
After=syslog.target network.target remote-fs.target nss-lookup.target

[Service]
Type=forking
PIDFile=/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid
ExecStartPre=/usr/sbin/nginx -t
ExecStart=/usr/sbin/nginx
ExecReload=/usr/sbin/nginx -s reload
ExecStop=/bin/kill -s QUIT $MAINPID
PrivateTmp=true

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

For these changes to take effect, it is necessary to reload the systemd configuration.

:~$ sudo systemctl daemon-reload

Now, start Ngnix.

:~$ sudo systemctl start nginx

Finally, open your web browser and go to http://IP_SERVER. You should see this.

And that’s it.

Conclusion

Nginx is a great application to set up a web server. The installation from the source code brings the advantage of being lighter. This is useful if you want to have total control over its operation.

Please share this article with your friends.

The post How to install Nginx from the source code on Debian 10 / Ubuntu 18.04 / Ubuntu 19.04? appeared first on Linux Windows and android Tutorials.

As you know about Cache, it enhances the loading speed by saving web pages, cookies and other data. It saves into memory the requested data and provide faster results. Because of its faster response, it is also used in Linux like Centos to provide faster results. It is also called caching HTTP reverse proxy which is a leading web application accelerator, capturing the visits and boost upon delivery on again request. It saves the web servers time by providing them the same data as saved earlier. Hence, in this tutorial we are going to learn how you can install and configure Varnish Cache 6 on CentOS 8 / RHEL 8.

Step 1: Update System

Make sure your system is up-to-date.

sudo dnf -y update

Step 2: Install Varnish Cache 6 on CentOS 8 / RHEL 8

You can use the following command to install varnish cache on CentOS / RHEL 8.

sudo dnf install @varnish

Allow to continue with the installation process by pressing y key.

If you want to see more information on installed package you can type the following command.

rpm -qi varnish

Important things to Remember:

• Main configuration file of Varnish can be found in /etc/varnish/default.vcl
• Secret file of Varnish is in /etc/varnish/secret
• Cashe executable binary is found in /usr/sbin/varnishd
• Systemd unit file is in /lib/systemd/system/varnish.service

Step 3: Start and Enable Varnish Cache Services

Use the following command to start & enable Varnish Cache services.

sudo systemctl enable --now varnish

Make sure status is working properly

systemctl status varnish

Step 4: Configure Varnish Cache for Nginx/Apache Web Server

As Varnish sits in front of a web server as a caching HTTP Reverse Proxy, so it speeds up web servers.
In this tutorial we are using Nginx/Apache HTTPD server but you can use your favourite one.

For Apache

sudo dnf -y install @httpd

For Nginx

sudo dnf -y install @nginx

1. Configure Nginx with Varnish

By default, TCP port 80 is being used by Nginx, change it to listen to 8080 port because Varnish Cache will use port 80.

sudo vi /etc/nginx/nginx.conf

For Virtual Hosting feature, edit the relevant confiuguration file,

sudo vi /etc/nginx/conf.d/mysite.conf

After it, restart Nginx

sudo systemctl restart nginx

Double-check your settings

ss -tunelp | grep 8080

2. Configure Apache with Varnish

For Apache web server, make sure to set listen port to 8080.

sudo vi /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf

After it, restart Apache.

sudo systemctl restart httpd

3. Configure Varnish Cache Server

Set Listen port for Varnish Cache to 80.

sudo vi /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/varnish.service

Edit the line starting with ExecStart, and change from:

ExectStart=/usr/sbin/varnishd -a :6081 -f /etc/varnish/default.vcl -s malloc,256m

To:

ExectStart=/usr/sbin/varnishd -a :80 -f /etc/varnish/default.vcl -s malloc,256m

Now, restart Varnish systemd services.

sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl restart varnish

Make sure that Varnish is listening the correct port.

sudo systemctl status varnish

Also make sure that Nginx/Apache server is configured as a back-end server for Varnish proxy.

sudo vi /etc/varnish/default.vcl

Look port 8080 is configured on Apache/Nginx web server.

Your configuration will look like this for multiple back-ends,

backend default {
     .host = "127.0.0.1";
     .port = "8080";
 }
backend java {
     .host = "127.0.0.1";
     .port = "8000";
 } 

But we’ll need to tell Varnish to where send the difference URL using vcl_recv. For example our java application should handle URL beginning with /java/

sub vcl_recv {
     if (req.url ~ "^/java/") {
         set req.backend_hint = java;
     } else {
         set req.backend_hint = default;
     }
 }

You can see more ones on using Multiple backends.

Step 5: Testing Varnish Cache on Nginx/Apache

After all, verify Varnish Cache working by testing it with Apache/Nginx service with the curl command:

curl -I http://localhost

It will provide you HTTP header information.

If you run this command again, it will show you that Varnish Cached Response (Note that Age header):

This will work same for other valid domain names with DNS record set.

curl -I https://osradar.com

We’ve installed & configured Varnish Cache on CentOS 8 / RHEL 8 for Nginx and Apache Web Server.

Visit the Varnish Getting Started and The Varnish Users Guide pages to learn more about configuring & optimizing Varnish.

The post How to Install Varnish cache 6 for Apache/Nginx on Centos / RHEL 8 appeared first on Linux Windows and android Tutorials.

GLPI in a few words

The GLPI is an application of French origin that provides an integral management of the
an organization’s computer inventory. But not only is it limited to this, but also
also includes an incidence ticket system.

As expected is open source and is developed with PHP. Therefore, what is required is a web server with Apache or nginx as processors. In addition, to store the data, you need MySQL or MariaDB. As you can see, these are requirements of a server.

Install CentOS 8 / RHEL 8 / Oracle Linux 8

As it is an application built for web environments, it is necessary to have a fully functional server. To do this, I will choose Nginx as my HTTP server along with with PHP and MariaDB. That is to say a LEMP server.

Then, the first step is to install a LEMP server on CentOS 8 / RHEL 8 / Oracle. So I invite you to read our about this where we explain you step by step how to do it.

Read How to install LEMP on CentOS 8 / RHEL 8 / Oracle Linux 8?

Prepare MariaDB to work with GLPI

Now that we have the LEMP server running, it is necessary to create a New user and database for GLPI. This is quite simple but we must enter as root user to the MariaDB console.

:~# mysql –u root –p
> CREATE DATABASE glpidb;
> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON glpidb.* TO 'glpiuser'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'glpipss';
> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
> Exit;

Creating a user dedicated to GLPI other than root is a security measure important.

Download and Install GLPI on CentOS 8 / RHEL 8 / Oracle Linux

Now we can download and install the GLPI. To do this, just download it using wget. If you don’t have it installed, you can do it with the following command:

:~# dnf install wget

Then navigate to the tmp folder and download it.

:~# cd /tmp/
:~# wget -c https://github.com/glpi-project/glpi/releases/download/9.4.3/glpi-9.4.3.tgz

Next, decompress it and move to the nginx document root:

:~# tar xvf glpi-9.4.3.tgz 
:~# mv glpi /usr/share/nginx/html/

After that, change the permissions on the folder so that it can be runned correctly:

:~# chmod 755 -R /usr/share/nginx/html/
:~# chown nginx:nginx -R /usr/share/nginx/html/

Create a new server block to GLPI on CentOS 8 / RHEL 8 / Oracle Linux 8 (Optional)

Now it is necessary to create a new server block for Glpi. In this case, also we have a tutorial for it.

Read, How to create an Nginx server block on CentOS 8 / RHEL 8 / Oracle Linux 8?

Then, we will be able to complete the installation.

Install GLPI on CentOS / RHEL / Oracle Linux 8 using the web interface

Now all that’s left is to complete the installation using the web interface. To do this, go to
to your server and you will see the following image:

Then, choose the language of the installation and accept the license terms.

Then, you can either update a previous installation or start a clean one. Choose the install option.

Then, the installer will check the server for any problems.

Now, you will have to write the MariaDB credentials. Click on the Next option.

Then, if the connection to the database has been successful, you will see the following:

Finally, if everything went well, you will see a message like this:

To enter the GLPI dashboard use glpi as user and glpi password.

This is the main screen of the application.

Conclusion

The Glpi is one of those necessary applications in an organization that wants to have everything a competent computer inventory. In addition to incorporating a reporting system of Incidents, ensures prompt attention to users of systems and equipment of the
company.

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