How to recover an old PC

Keep in mind that miracles are not possible. In fact, sometimes stretching the useful life of a computing device to the limit of what is reasonable is not going to generate any savings and a lot of headaches. In addition, there is a supply of solvent new entry-level equipment available at very low prices.

But depending on the equipment in question and after a proper assessment of the necessary budget, you can recover those computers that we have cornered. This is what we will see in this post, in which we address those major hardware upgrades. All with the intention of improving its performance and enable it to work again. Or simply, to be able to have it active more years of use either as primary or secondary use.

We will also discuss a software change that can make a difference. Remember that not all operating systems have the same requirements. Let’s get to it.

Mount an SSD

There are few hardware upgrades that will give you so much for so little and so directly. Hard disk drives have been a bottleneck for years for computer systems. In addition, any type of upgrade involves replacing them with an SSD. This will give you the advantages of solutions based on NAND flash memory. Especially in terms of performance. Also in terms of boot time of the operating system or applications. Even in terms of transferring files internally or to external drives.

Your old PC will probably not have the latest connectors for the M.2 PCIe. However, it will certainly have support for the SATA interface. This is more than enough because the data transfer performance will increase fourfold compared to a hard disk. The change is simple. As for the cost, a 250 or 500 Gigabytes SATA drive is cheap.

Increases RAM memory

Another of the most obvious upgrades to revive an old PC is to upgrade the RAM. This component has a direct impact on the user experience. Particularly on whether it is possible to perform certain tasks on a personal computer. Simply doubling the installed RAM from 4 to 8 Gigabytes is a radical improvement.

RAM replacement is a relatively inexpensive upgrade that allows you to improve your equipment without having to change major components such as the motherboard. However, a little care should be taken when putting it into practice. For example, you must know the number of slots available for the modules. In addition to the maximum capacity supported, and the standard used (DDR5, DDR4, DDR3 and earlier…). Another element to know is the form factor. That is, if it is for desktops or laptops and the main specifications. As with SSDs, their price is dirt cheap.

Upgrades the CPU and potentially the GPU

Processor replacement is not as easy or as cost effective as SSD or RAM. However, you can value it as well. Both Intel and AMD market dozens of different models. Moreover, they usually keep the same platform for a few generations. This potentially allows you to upgrade the CPU without having to replace the entire motherboard.

The list of supported CPUs will vary by motherboard. Therefore, you should investigate whether the motherboard’s chipset and BIOS support it. Benchmark applications such as CPU-Z can help you get started.

Changing the CPU will increase the performance of the PC in any type of task. Indeed, it will increase the number of processing cores and the working frequency. And another important point, it may include a higher level of integrated graphics than the one you had. In any case, if you see that it is worth it, in a desktop you could additionally mount a dedicated graphics.

It can not be the latest generation, for which you probably do not have enough power in the power supply. In that case, it would be more profitable to buy a new PC. However, you should know that there are older GPUs that can be perfectly suitable for this type of equipment.

Improved cooling

The CPU replacement will probably entail a new heatsink-fan. Although, you might want to check if the old one will still be able to do its job. Keeping the temperature of this component at bay is key. This can also be extended to the rest of the PC.

It must be said that the dirt or dust generated inside any computer equipment can decrease the performance of the equipment. Besides forcing the fans to be permanently connected. They can even shut down the equipment if the temperature rises above the safety limit. Finally, it can end up reducing the useful life of the components.

Cleaning is free. In addition, it is convenient to do it with certain assiduity and more if it is a laptop. We assure you that you will notice it. Some PC errors are caused by overheating, and cleaning will directly improve it.

Change the operating system

If you don’t have much budget for hardware. Even if with the recommended upgrades you haven’t noticed a level jump, it’s time to take another step. This one, like the cleaning, is totally free. Yes, you will probably be tempted to stick with Windows. However, if you want to use recent versions such as Windows 11, the system itself may be contributing to its slowness. Or it may simply not let you install it because of the TPM requirement.

There is life beyond Windows. However, in a scenario of recovering your old PC, there is nothing better than switching to GNU/Linux. The free system has dozens of different distributions. Moreover, some of them stand out for their low resource consumption and their great capacity to run on older hardware.

The post Five key points to recover an old PC appeared first on Linux Windows and android Tutorials.

In short, today, it is equally easy to use both Linux and Windows. In reality, it’s just a matter of taste and habits to feel more comfortable with one operating system than the other. However, there are still some things that make more sense in GNU/Linux. GNU/Linux can be used in numerous (and creative) ways. That’s why we wanted to compile a list of things GNU/Linux does. These things don’t necessarily make it much better than Microsoft with Windows 11. However, it does do it differently. As already mentioned, it all depends on preferences.

Things you can currently only do on Linux, and it’s not Windows 11

A truly free operating system.

As you probably already know, GNU/Linux is open source, and you can install it for free. Unlike Windows, which is sometimes quite expensive. The creator of GNU/Linux developed this operating system because he wanted it to be truly free to use. Therefore, you can select any version of Linux and install it without worrying about spending a dollar. There are certainly some paid versions. However, they are the exception to the rule. Besides, they are optional, and you will always have the opportunity to install a free version.

In addition, most of the applications that come with Linux, such as LibreOffice, Firefox, GIMP and many more, are also free. Here is a big difference from the expensive Microsoft Office subscriptions, which has really generated a great success.

Forget about having to reboot to upgrade.

Rebooting after every system update or uninstalling software is quite annoying on Windows. This is usually not the case with Linux. Indeed, installations do not require the system to reboot at every step. It is true that there is an exception and Linux needs to reboot sometimes. However, this is only after updates to the Linux kernel. With this and in general, the experience is quite smooth. Therefore, it does not require long hours of waiting for a system to reboot and configure after an update.

GNU/Linux can run on almost any hardware

This is one of the great comparative points with respect to Windows 11. Let’s remember that this system usually generates installation problems. More than everything to its almost ridiculous requirements of installation. For example, it doesn’t matter if you have a 7-year-old PC, Linux will bring it back to life, and you will be able to use it.

GNU/Linux allows a high degree of customization

As this system is open source, it means that anyone can use, modify and test its code. As a result, we will be able to add custom features and enhancements to your system. Suppose you are not a developer or simply don’t want to mess with the source code. Don’t worry, Linux allows you to customize almost every aspect from the configuration. This step is considered quite innovative and is one of the reasons behind its popularity.

Clearly, you can’t do such things on Windows because of the unavailability of source code. Microsoft prefers to keep Windows closed source.

Using antivirus is not necessary

Another advantage of using Linux is that Linux-based systems do not need antivirus software. This is because most viruses and malware target Windows PCs. On the other hand, the GNU/Linux system has a protective layer over the core files of the operating system. This does not allow anyone except the users to access the files. That is why virus attacks on Linux are rare. Therefore, you don’t need to buy or download free versions of antivirus software for your system, as you do with Windows.

You will also be able to run Windows software.

Indeed, if you want to run Windows software on Linux, there is a way, and it’s called Wine. First developed in 1993, it is a software program that allows users to run many Windows applications on Linux. Unlike running a virtual machine or an emulator, Wine focuses on Windows Application Protocol Interface (API) calls. It then translates them into portable operating system interface (POSIX) calls.

The post 6 things you can only do with GNU/Linux appeared first on Linux Windows and android Tutorials.

There is a solution that has been in development for some time now and that is to transmit the screen via USB using ADB. Thanks to an app called Vysor. You can duplicate the screen of your phone on your PC in an elementary way. Besides, this app is free, so you can try it without any problem. In this post, we will show you how to mirror your Android screen to PC via USB.

Downloading the Vysor App

Download and install the Vysor App by following the link below:

Google Play | Vysor Android control on PC

Enabling Developer Options

Once you have installed the Vysor App, the first thing you should do is to activate the Developer Options, this is an advanced options menu that is hidden in Android. In this menu, you can change more specific system settings. It will be of vital importance for the following steps and the correct functioning of Vysor.

First step

Go to the settings of your Android phone, then go to the “Device Information” section. In the case of Xiaomi, it is “About phone”. You should take into account that the names of these menus may change depending on the brand of your phone, if you have problems locating them I recommend you to use the settings search engine.

Second step

After you are in the section where the device’s system information is displayed. Tap five times on “Build number”. In the case of Xiaomi, you must tap five times on “MIUI Version”. This will activate the Developer options.

Enabling USB Debugging

Another requirement for the Vysor app to work is to enable USB Debugging.

First step

Go to the Developer Options, you can use the browser settings to find it more easily. In Xiaomi, you can find it in Settings>Additional settings>developer options.

Second step

Then scroll down and in the debugging section, enable USB debugging. Also if you have a Xiaomi phone, in this same section enable the “USB debugging (security settings)” setting. Please note that to enable this option, you need to have a Xiaomi account linked to your phone. You may need to wait sometime after you have linked your account to enable this option. Finally, in this same section, enable the “Install via USB” option and disable the “Verify apps over USB” option.

Download Vysor on your PC

Your phone configuration is ready but you need to install the Vysor client on your PC. The process is really simple, you must download the installer (choose your operating system, Windows, Mac, or Linux) from the official Vysor website and then run it. After a few minutes, you will notice how the program starts without any problem.

Connect your phone to your PC

Then connect your phone to your PC using a USB cable and you will notice how it starts installing drivers. Confirm the requests to get access to your phone.

After that, press the “View” button in the Vysor window on your PC. You will get a message about installing APK, then you will be able to see the phone screen on the PC. And that’s it. Enjoy!

Conclusion

The possibility to mirror the screen of your Android to a PC via USB is very convenient, it can be used for academic purposes for work, or fun. And thanks to Vysor the process is quite simplified. Thanks for reading us. Bye!

The post How to mirror the screen of your Android to the PC via USB appeared first on Linux Windows and android Tutorials.

Debian 11.1 is available

This point release mainly adds corrections for security issues, along with a few adjustments for serious problems. Security advisories have already been published separately and are referenced where available.

One of the things the development team emphasizes is that this is not a new major release of Debian, but a bug-fix release.

Another thing to note is that those who frequently install updates from security.debian.org won’t have to update many packages, and most such updates are included in the point release. So the importance of always updating the system and doing so frequently is emphasized.

So this is a maintenance release but we still need to get it on the system to avoid security problems.

In this post, we will show you how to do it using the terminal without any problems.

Upgrade from Debian 11 to Debian 11.1

The upgrade process is very easy and should not give us any problems. However, it’s also not a bad idea to back up the most sensitive data on your disk to an external device.

Also, it is a good idea to have as few external repositories on your system as possible.

So, check the current version of Debian.

lsb_release -a
No LSB modules are available.
Distributor ID: Debian
Description: Debian GNU/Linux 11 (bullseye)
Release: 11
Codename: bullseye

After that, open a terminal and update the current package.

sudo apt update
sudo apt upgrade

Now perform the system upgrade

sudo apt dist-upgrade

After this, the process will be finished and you will have Debian 11.1 up and running.

This way the upgrade has been successful and we can continue our work.

Conclusion

In this post, you learned how to upgrade Debian 11 to Debian 11.1 to get the latest Debian security features. I hope you found this post useful, although simple, it can be of help to many newbies to the system.

The post Upgrade from Debian 11 to Debian 11.1 appeared first on Linux Windows and android Tutorials.

Nmap is an open-source, cross-platform tool used to scan networks and obtain information about services, operating systems, and vulnerabilities derived from the conjunction of these. In general, Nmap is used to scan the ports of one or more hosts.

A more exact definition is provided by the project’s website

Nmap (“Network Mapper”) is a free and open-source (license) utility for network discovery and security auditing. Many systems and network administrators also find it useful for tasks such as network inventory, managing service upgrade schedules, and monitoring host or service uptime.

More about Nmap:

Nmap uses raw IP packets in novel ways to determine what hosts are available on the network, what services (application name and version) those hosts are offering, what operating systems (and OS versions) they are running, what type of packet filters/firewalls are in use, and dozens of other characteristics.

So if you are passionate about the world of computer security or auditing, then you need to learn how to use Nmap. Or at least get to know it.

Install Nmap on Linux

Fortunately, Nmap is available in the official repositories of many Linux distributions. So installing it will not be a problem for us.

In the case of distributions from the Debian family which includes Ubuntu and its derivatives such as Linux Mint in a terminal you have to execute

sudo apt update
sudo apt install nmap

On the other hand, in the case of the RHEL family including CentOS, Fedora, or Rocky Linux, you just need to run

sudo dnf install nmap

But you can also install it on OpenSUSE

sudo zypper in nmap

Then, to check that the installation has been successful, you can run

nmap --version
Nmap version 7.80 ( https://nmap.org )
Platform: x86_64-pc-linux-gnu
Compiled with: liblua-5.3.3 openssl-1.1.1j libssh2-1.9.0 libz-1.2.11 libpcre-8.39 libpcap-1.10.0 nmap-libdnet-1.12 ipv6
Compiled without:
Available nsock engines: epoll poll select

Now we can use it.

Using Nmap on Linux

With Nmap installed correctly, you should be able to use it on your computer without any problems. We’ll go through several examples on how to use this tool.

To scan a host, you can run

sudo nmap [host]

For example

sudo nmap localhost

sample output:

Starting Nmap 7.80 ( https://nmap.org ) at 2021-10-12 10:50 EDT
Nmap scan report for localhost (127.0.0.1)
Host is up (0.0000040s latency).
Other addresses for localhost (not scanned): ::1
All 1000 scanned ports on localhost (127.0.0.1) are closed

As you can see some interesting information is displayed on the output screen which is useful for detecting problems.

To do a quick scan then you can use the -F option

sudo nmap -F [host]

You can replace [host] with the IP address of the computer you want to scan.

sudo nmap 192.168.2.3

Also, you can specify multiple hosts or IP addresses.

sudo nmap 192.168.2.3, 192.168.2.6, 192.168.1.1

Or a range

sudo nmap 192.168.2.3-20

In this case, it will scan IP addresses ranging from 192.168.2.3 to 192.168.2.20.

Another option is to scan the entire subnet

sudo nmap 192.168.1.1/24

You can change the frequency and timing of the network scans with the -T option and by specifying a number between 0-5, the higher the number the faster the scan.

For example

sudo nmap -T4 localhost

In this case response times will be lower and can be useful on slow or busy networks.

If you want to have information about the ports, you have to add the -p option and specify some or a range of ports

sudo nmap -p 25,80 192.168.2.1

In this case, the TCP port 25 and 80 of the host will be scanned.

If you want to scan UDP ports

sudo nmap -sU -p 25,80 192.168.2.1

Conclusion

Nmap is a vital tool for many sysadmin who need to find out some weaknesses.

The post How to install and use nmap on Linux appeared first on Linux Windows and android Tutorials.

MongoDB is the most representative of the databases known as NoSQL, an acronym for Not only SQL. It is document-oriented and multi-platform, which means that we can use it on many different systems.

In Mongo DB there are no predefined schemas, the keys and values of a document are of fixed types or sizes, in a document with a fixed schema the tasks to add or delete fields become easier and with great performance.

Data in Mongo DB is stored using BSON format structures, which is a specification similar to JSON so any modern text editor can edit it without any problems.

So MongoDB has positioned itself as one of the most solid alternatives to database managers like SQLite or MariaDB. So, let’s go for it.

Install MongoDB on Debian 11

For this post, we will use the MongoDB repository for Debian 10 which also works for this new Debian version. However, we are still waiting for the MongoDB developers to include Debian 11 in their repositories.

So, open a terminal and update the operating system completely.

sudo apt update
sudo apt upgrade

Before adding the MongoDB repository to the system, it is necessary to install a package called gnupg2.

sudo apt install gnupg2

After that, add the GPG key of the repository as follows

wget -qO - https://www.mongodb.org/static/pgp/server-5.0.asc | sudo apt-key add -

Now add the MongoDB repository to your system by running

echo "deb http://repo.mongodb.org/apt/debian buster/mongodb-org/5.0 main" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/mongodb-org-5.0.list

Refresh APT to accept the new changes

sudo apt update

Next, install MongoDB on Debian 11 by running

sudo apt install mongodb-org
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
The following additional packages will be installed:
  mongodb-database-tools mongodb-mongosh mongodb-org-database mongodb-org-database-tools-extra mongodb-org-mongos mongodb-org-server mongodb-org-shell
  mongodb-org-tools
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  mongodb-database-tools mongodb-mongosh mongodb-org mongodb-org-database mongodb-org-database-tools-extra mongodb-org-mongos mongodb-org-server mongodb-org-shell
  mongodb-org-tools
0 upgraded, 9 newly installed, 0 to remove and 25 not upgraded.
Need to get 147 MB of archives.
After this operation, 464 MB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n]

After that, you can check the installed version using this command

mongod --version

Output:

db version v5.0.3
Build Info: {
    "version": "5.0.3",
    "gitVersion": "657fea5a61a74d7a79df7aff8e4bcf0bc742b748",
    "openSSLVersion": "OpenSSL 1.1.1k  25 Mar 2021",
    "modules": [],
    "allocator": "tcmalloc",
    "environment": {
        "distmod": "debian10",
        "distarch": "x86_64",
        "target_arch": "x86_64"
    }
}

Managing the MongoDB service

Once it is installed, you can manage its service just like any other service on the system.

To start MongoDB you have to run

sudo systemctl start mongod

It is usually a good idea to make it start with the system so that it is immediately available.

sudo systemctl enable --now mongod
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/mongod.service → /lib/systemd/system/mongod.service.

If you make changes to the MongoDB configuration then you will have to restart it to apply the changes.

sudo systemctl restart mongod

Finally, it is advisable to check the status of the service to see if everything is OK.

sudo systemctl status mongod
● mongod.service - MongoDB Database Server
     Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/mongod.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
     Active: active (running) since Sat 2021-10-09 18:51:39 CEST; 25s ago
       Docs: https://docs.mongodb.org/manual
   Main PID: 13759 (mongod)
     Memory: 67.3M
        CPU: 1.561s
     CGroup: /system.slice/mongod.service
             └─13759 /usr/bin/mongod --config /etc/mongod.conf

Oct 09 18:51:39 osradar systemd[1]: Started MongoDB Database Server.

Creating a new user for MongoDB

To access the MongoDB shell just run the command command

mongo

And once inside, it is recommended to create a new user different from the root.

use admin
db.createUser(
{
user: "osradar",
pwd: passwordPrompt(),
roles: [ { role: "userAdminAnyDatabase", db: "admin" }, "readWriteAnyDatabase" ]
}
)

Copy and paste the following but change osradar to the name of the user you want.

Then you will have to define a password that has to be secure.

Conclusion

MongoDB is a tool to take into account if we want to develop applications that do not require a SQL database handler. Being open-source we can use it in many different situations with guaranteed performance and efficiency.

MongoDB website

The post How to install MongoDB on Debian 11 appeared first on Linux Windows and android Tutorials.

The Google Cloud Platform provides services for building IT infrastructure entirely in the cloud as well as for development, artificial intelligence, analytics, storage, databases, and security. It can therefore be useful to deploy one in your network or learn how to work with it.

So, it is necessary to install the SDK so that we can learn how to work with this tool.

So, let’s go for it.

Install Google Cloud SDK on Ubuntu 20.04

The installation will be done using the terminal so it is recommended that you know how to work with it. So, open one and update the operating system.

sudo apt update
sudo apt upgrade

Then download the SDK for Linux using the wget command.

wget https://dl.google.com/dl/cloudsdk/channels/rapid/downloads/google-cloud-sdk-307.0.0-linux-x86_64.tar.gz

After that, you have to unzip the archive using the tar command.

tar -xvzf google-cloud-sdk-307.0.0-linux-x86_64.tar.gz

This command will generate a folder called google-cloud-sdk that you will need to access

cd google-cloud-sdk

In it, you will find the installer file that you will have to run.

./install.sh

During the execution of the script, you will see some messages. The first one asks you if you want to help Google Cloud development by sending statistics anonymously.

Then, you will see an on-screen output indicating that the components have not been installed and you will be informed how to install them. You will also be asked to confirm the installation.

If all has gone well, then you will see the following screen.

This indicates that the process was OK.

So, enjoy it.

Conclusion

In this post, you have learned how to install Google Cloud SDK on a system like Ubuntu 20.04. This will open the door to using the Google Cloud Platform that you can deploy for your business.

The post How to install Google Cloud SDK on Ubuntu 20.04? appeared first on Linux Windows and android Tutorials.

What is Jitsi Meet

Jitsi Meet is a free tool for making group video calls with numerous participants and many options to perform. In Jitsi Meet there is no limit to the number of participants, although the server will set a limit.

One of the most important features of Jitsi Meet is that it is OpenSource so we can access the source code and we can implement it with tools such as Docker.

Now, the user community has created a Jitsi Meet Desktop client with which we can connect to an instance from the desktop.

Jisti Meet Desktop Client

So we have a Desktop application for Jitsi Meet built with Electron. Like the Jitsi Meet technology, it is open source and has the following features.

• Works with any Jitsi deployment.
• Unlimited users: There are no artificial restrictions on the number of users or conference participants. Server power and bandwidth are the only limiting factors.
• No account is needed.
• Lock-protected rooms: Control the access to your conferences with a password.
• Encrypted by default.

This way, you can integrate Jitsi Meet into the desktop of your favorite distribution.

Install Jitsi Meet Desktop Client on Debian 11

The support of this application for Linux is very good and especially for Debian 11. So we have several installation methods.

Jitsi Meet Desktop Client using the DEB package

In the Github profile of the application, we can download a DEB package that will be useful for our system.

To download it and install it, you can open the terminal and run

wget https://github.com/jitsi/jitsi-meet-electron/releases/latest/download/jitsi-meet-amd64.deb
sudo apt install ./jitsi-meet-amd64.deb

At the end of the process, you will be able to run it from the main menu of the distribution.

Getting Jitsi Meet desktop client with Flatpak

This method is a bit more cumbersome, but it guarantees integration with the system, and will not fail due to any dependencies. In short, we can install the application using Flatpak technology.

So, if you don’t have Flatpak you can install it by running

sudo apt install flatpak

After that, you need to add the Flathub repository where the application is hosted.

sudo flatpak remote-add --if-not-exists flathub https://flathub.org/repo/flathub.flatpakrepo

Then, you can install it as follows

sudo flatpak install flathub org.jitsi.jitsi-meet

When the installation is finished you can run it from the main menu or by executing this command

flatpak run org.jitsi.jitsi-meet

Then, you will see the main screen.

Conclusion

A desktop client is always good news to speed up the work from an operating system. That’s why we have to thank the work of community in creating these applications and making them work on almost all Linux operating systems.

The post Install Jitsi Meet desktop on Debian 11 appeared first on Linux Windows and android Tutorials.

What is Laravel?

Laravel is one of the easiest open-source frameworks for PHP to assimilate. One of its advantages is that it has a much easier learning curve than other web and application development tools. It was created in 2011 and is heavily influenced by frameworks such as Ruby on Rails, Sinatra, and ASP.NET MVC.

With Laravel, we will have available other tools that together make up the power of Laravel.

• Blade: A powerful template manager where we can manage PHP variables directly in the view.
• Eloquent: Laravel’s database system, for writing and retrieving data. So we don’t have to work directly with SQL code.
• Routing: LAravel has its own routing system that helps us to set up the routing of our pages with GET or POST methods.

Besides this, Laravel is one of the best-documented frameworks that exist and with an active community willing to give support to the newbie.

So, let’s get started.

Install Laravel on Debian 11

Installing the Laravel requisites

First, you need to install PHP and some of its modules and the unzip package.

sudo apt install php php-bcmath php-json php-mbstring php-pdo php-tokenizer php-xml php-pear php-zip php-zip unzip

Install PHP Composer on Debian 11

The installation of laravel can be done without problems using PHP Composer. So we have to install it and keep it up to date.

For that, we invite you to read our post about it:

How to install PHP Composer on Debian 11?

Once it is installed and updated, we can follow the procedures.

Install Laravel on Debian 11

Now with the help of Composer, we have to install Laravel. To do this, run the following command

composer create-project --prefer-dist laravel/laravel [project_name]

Where the last value is where you have to specify the name of your project.

So, Composer will start with downloading and installing all Laravel dependencies. When finished, you will see an output screen like this

This will create a folder with the name of your project that we need to access.

cd example

And there will be all our Laravel working and ready for us to start creating code.

If you want to check how the project is running and also if you want to verify the installation, you can run

php artisan serve

Then open a web browser and go to http://localhost:8000 and you’ll see an image like this

In case Laravel has been installed on a server or another computer over the network, you can specify that it is accessible from another computer.

php artisan serve --host=0.0.0.0.0 --port=1234

This way you can access the computer and with the 1234 port you can change these values to your liking.

Conclusion

During this post, you have learned how to install laravel on Debian 11 so you can start developing cool applications that you can take to production. So, this is a powerful framework that you need to take full advantage of.

The post How to install Laravel on Debian 11? appeared first on Linux Windows and android Tutorials.

What is vnStat?

The best definition of Vnstat can be found on the project’s own website:

vnStat is a console-based network traffic monitor for Linux and BSD that keeps a log of network traffic for the selected interface(s). It uses the network interface statistics provided by the kernel as an information source. This means that vnStat won’t actually be sniffing any traffic and also ensures light use of system resources regardless of network traffic rate.

Therefore this tool is quite well known within the community and among sysadmins. It is quite simple to use and as you will see below it is easy to install.

Install vnStat on Debian 11 / 10

One of the fastest and most immediate ways to install vnStat on Debian 11 / 10 is to install it from the official repositories.

Although this is not the only way to get the program, it is the easiest method for newbies.

So, open a terminal or from an SSH session, install the security patches in the distribution:

sudo apt update
sudo apt upgrade

Next, you can install the vnStat package as follows:

sudo apt install vnstat

After it is installed, start the application service.

sudo systemctl start vnstat

This will complete the installation and you will be able to use it.

Install the latest version of vnStat on Debian 11 / 10

The previous method has a big problem and it is that the version that appears in the official repositories of Debian 11 / 10, is very outdated. So it is advisable to always install the latest version following these steps that I will describe.

First, install the packages needed to do the compilation, as well as some dependencies:

sudo apt install build-essential gcc make libsqlite3-dev

Then download the latest stable version, which at the time of writing this post, is 2.8.

wget https://humdi.net/vnstat/vnstat-2.8.tar.gz

Decompress the downloaded file

tar -xvzf vnstat-2.8.tar.gz

As a result of executing the above command, a folder called vnstat-2.8 will be generated which you will need to access and from there configure the package for compilation:

cd vnstat-2.8
./configure --prefix=/usr --sysconfdir=/etc

Now, compile the package and install it with this pair of commands:

sudo make
sudo make install

If everything went well, you will be able to run the vnstat command and display, for example, the installed version:

vnstat -v

Output:

vnStat 2.8 by Teemu Toivola <tst at iki dot fi>

Using the vnStat command

Before using the tool it is necessary to start the vnStat service. As we have installed it manually, there is no service installed so we have to create it.

Fortunately, to create it we will use the example file that comes with the code we have just compiled.

sudo cp -v examples/systemd/vnstat.service /etc/systemd/system/

Refresh the list of services

sudo systemctl daemon-reload

And now yes, enable it so it can start with the system and start the service

sudo systemctl enable vnstat
sudo systemctl start vnstat

And check the status of the service

sudo systemctl status vnstat
● vnstat.service - vnStat network traffic monitor
     Loaded: loaded (/etc/systemd/system/vnstat.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
     Active: active (running) since Sat 2021-10-02 18:24:27 CEST; 11s ago
       Docs: man:vnstatd(8)
             man:vnstat(1)
             man:vnstat.conf(5)
   Main PID: 5939 (vnstatd)
      Tasks: 1 (limit: 2276)
     Memory: 612.0K
        CPU: 20ms
     CGroup: /system.slice/vnstat.service
             └─5939 /usr/sbin/vnstatd -n

Oct 02 18:24:27 osradar systemd[1]: Started vnStat network traffic monitor.
Oct 02 18:24:27 osradar vnstatd[5939]: Info: vnStat daemon 2.8 started. (pid:5939 uid:0 gid:0 64-bit)
Oct 02 18:24:27 osradar vnstatd[5939]: Info: Monitoring (1): eth0 (1000 Mbit)

After waiting a few minutes, you can start using it.

vnstat

By default, it takes the active interface, but you can change it:

vnstat -i [interface]

When an interface is monitored, a new database with logs is created. You can delete it and reset the statistics.

sudo vnstat -i [interface] --remove --force

In this case, you have to specify the interface to monitor.

Enjoy it.

Conclusion

So now you know how to install and use vnStat on Debian 11 / 10 This command although simple allows you to find answers to the operation of a network interface and to know if the behavior is as expected…

The post Install and use vnStat on Debian 11 / 10 appeared first on Linux Windows and android Tutorials.