So, Git?

If you are starting to develop applications you may not know that Git is a free, open-source version control system and that it is perhaps the best. Many developers rely on it to control the versions of their applications. By versions, we mean those in development.

Using Git you can control and separate development in each of those development branches. So the changes of one do not affect the others.

Read Introduction to the Git branches.

In this way, it is good practice to develop applications using a version control system as support.

Install Git on Debian 11 / 10

Debian 10 is one of the few distributions that have such complete package repositories. So, presumably, there is some Git in the official repositories.

However, it is also a good idea, to know how to install Git differently in case we need it. This way is compiling the source code of Git and get the latest stable version. In this tutorial, I will teach you how to do it both ways.

1) Using the official repository on Debian 11 / 10

Debian 11 / 10 include Git in the official repositories. Using this option, the installation is quite easy, and just open a terminal session and run the following command:

:~$ sudo apt install git

Or, if you do not have sudo, please read How to enable sudo on Debian 11/10?

Then, you can check the installed version.

:~$ git --version
git version 2.30.2

Now, you can use it.

2) Building the Git source code

Compiling the Git source code is the best way to get the latest version. All this in a safe way because it will not be compiled by third parties.

The process is simple but requires a few extra steps. So let us get started.

First, install the necessary programs to make the compilation:

:~$ sudo apt install build-essential make libssl-dev libghc-zlib-dev libcurl4-gnutls-dev libexpat1-dev gettext unzip

Now, we can download the source code.

:~$ cd /tmp/
:~$ wget https://mirrors.edge.kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/git-2.33.0.tar.gz

Next, decompress it and access to the folder.

:~$ tar xvfz git-2.33.0.tar.gz
:~$ cd git-2.33.0

Now, you can start the compilation by running the following commands:

:~$ sudo make prefix=/usr/local all
:~$ sudo make prefix=/usr/local install

Next, check the installed version.

:~$ git --version

And that is it. You can start to use Git.

Conclusion

Git is one of those applications that every developer must be able to manage to improve their workflow. Therefore, it is important to install it in Debian 10 and two ways have been shown to achieve this. One of them is using the package available in the official repositories and the other is compiling the source code.

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The post Install GIT on Debian 11 / 10 appeared first on Linux Windows and android Tutorials.

MongoDB allows your teams to easily organize, use and enrich data – in real time, anywhere. MongoDB is a NoSQL and document-oriented database manager. In short, instead of saving the data in the record as the SQL database, it saves them in documents with BSON format which is a binary representation of JSON.

In the world of unrelated SQL database MongoDB is perhaps the most popular, however, it can be used by very different applications that require a semi-structured data collection. On the other hand, its use in transactional systems is not recommended as MongoDB does not support transactions.

That’s why I’m going to teach you how to install MongoDB on the latest stable versions of Fedora, Fedora 34 / 33.

Install MongoDB on Fedora 33

It is possible to install MongoDB on Fedora 34 / 33 through the RPM packages that can be downloaded and installed from the project’s website.

However, the most efficient method is to install from the official MongoDB repository which helps to integrate the application with the system.

So, for ease of use, install the nano text editor.

sudo dnf install nano

And edit a text file to add the MongoDB repository by adding the following content

sudo nano /etc/yum.repos.d/mongodb.repo

[mongodb-org-4.4]
name=MongoDB Repository
baseurl=https://repo.mongodb.org/yum/redhat/8/mongodb-org/4.4/x86_64/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=1
gpgkey=https://www.mongodb.org/static/pgp/server-4.4.asc

Save the changes and close the text editor.

Now you can install MongoDB on Fedora 34 / 33 by running

sudo dnf install mongodb-org

After installation, a new service is created for Fedora 34 / 33.

So, refresh the list of system daemons

sudo systemctl daemon-reload

Now start it up:

sudo systemctl start mongod

And then check the status of the service

sudo systemctl status mongod
● mongod.service - MongoDB Database Server
      Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mongod.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
      Active: active (running) since Wed 2021-05-19 23:15:47 CEST; 5s ago
        Docs: https://docs.mongodb.org/manual
     Process: 2212 ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/mkdir -p /var/run/mongodb (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
     Process: 2213 ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/chown mongod:mongod /var/run/mongodb (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
     Process: 2214 ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/chmod 0755 /var/run/mongodb (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
     Process: 2215 ExecStart=/usr/bin/mongod $OPTIONS (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
    Main PID: 2217 (mongod)
      Memory: 57.6M
         CPU: 822ms
      CGroup: /system.slice/mongod.service
              └─2217 /usr/bin/mongod -f /etc/mongod.conf
 May 19 23:15:46 osradar systemd[1]: Starting MongoDB Database Server…
 May 19 23:15:46 osradar mongod[2215]: about to fork child process, waiting until server is ready for connections.
 May 19 23:15:46 osradar mongod[2217]: forked process: 2217
 May 19 23:15:47 osradar mongod[2215]: child process started successfully, parent exiting
 May 19 23:15:47 osradar systemd[1]: Started MongoDB Database Server.

Now check the version of MongoDB that you have installed

mongod -version
db version v4.4.4
 Build Info: {
     "version": "4.4.4",
     "gitVersion": "8db30a63db1a9d84bdcad0c83369623f708e0397",
     "openSSLVersion": "OpenSSL 1.1.1k  FIPS 25 Mar 2021",
     "modules": [],
     "allocator": "tcmalloc",
     "environment": {
         "distmod": "rhel80",
         "distarch": "x86_64",
         "target_arch": "x86_64"
     }
 }

So, enjoy it.

Conclusion

So, MongoDB is a solution that is increasingly being taken into account by many developers worldwide. Its installation in Fedora 34 / 33 is relatively simple.

The post How install MongoDB on Fedora 34 / 33? appeared first on Linux Windows and android Tutorials.

An NTP server is important because it allows all devices on a network to be synchronized via a clock. That is, they all have the same time and time zone. This may seem unimportant, but the correct functioning of many services depends on proper time settings.

Now, there is a tool called Chrony that allows us to quickly deploy an NTP server.

According to the Chrony website:

Chrony is a versatile implementation of the Network Time Protocol (NTP). It can synchronize the system clock with NTP servers, reference clocks (e.g. GPS receiver), and manual input using wristwatch and keyboard. It can also operate as an NTPv4 (RFC 5905) server and peer to provide a time service to other computers in the network.

Fortunately, it has good support for many Linux distributions and Ubuntu is no exception.

Chrony on Ubuntu 20.04

Before starting, the server must have the time zone set correctly.

So, open a terminal or connect via SSH.

sudo timedatectl set-timezone Europe/Berlin

Replace Europe/Berlin with the correct timezone for your server.

To check the changes, run the command timedatectl.

Output:

               Local time: Wed 2021-05-12 21:13:11 CEST
           Universal time: Wed 2021-05-12 19:13:11 UTC 
                 RTC time: Wed 2021-05-12 19:13:12     
System clock synchronized: yes                         
              NTP service: active                      
                Time zone: Europe/Berlin (CEST, +0200) 
          RTC in local TZ: no 

Now we can install the chrony package from the official Ubuntu 20.04 repositories.

sudo apt update
sudo apt install chrony
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
The following packages will be REMOVED:
  systemd-timesyncd
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  chrony
0 upgraded, 1 newly installed, 1 to remove and 11 not upgraded.
Need to get 220 kB of archives.
After this operation, 290 kB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n]

The program is quite lightweight so the installation will take almost no time at all.

So, start the Chrony service and have it start with the system.

sudo systemctl start chronyd
sudo systemctl enable chronyd

Check the status of the service

sudo systemctl status chronyd
● chrony.service - chrony, an NTP client/server
     Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/chrony.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
     Active: active (running) since Wed 2021-05-12 21:16:25 CEST; 1min 36s ago
       Docs: man:chronyd(8)
             man:chronyc(1)
             man:chrony.conf(5)
   Main PID: 1815 (chronyd)
      Tasks: 2 (limit: 2286)
     Memory: 1.0M
     CGroup: /system.slice/chrony.service
             ├─1815 /usr/sbin/chronyd -F -1
             └─1816 /usr/sbin/chronyd -F -1

May 12 21:16:25 osradar systemd[1]: Starting chrony, an NTP client/server...
May 12 21:16:25 osradar chronyd[1815]: chronyd version 3.5 starting (+CMDMON +NTP +REFCLOCK +RTC +PRIVDROP +SCFILTER +SIGND +ASYNCDNS +SECHASH +IPV6 -DEBUG)
May 12 21:16:25 osradar chronyd[1815]: Initial frequency -38.890 ppm
May 12 21:16:25 osradar chronyd[1815]: Loaded seccomp filter
May 12 21:16:25 osradar systemd[1]: Started chrony, an NTP client/server.
May 12 21:16:32 osradar chronyd[1815]: Selected source 2001:67c:1560:8003::c7
May 12 21:17:38 osradar chronyd[1815]: Selected source 2001:1600:4:1::123

And you will know that the service is running correctly.

Configuring Chrony on Ubuntu 20.04

Now that we have the service installed, we need to configure it. The Chorny configuration file is /etc/chrony/chrony.conf which we need to modify but first make a backup of it.

sudo cp /etc/chrony/chrony/chrony.conf `/etc/chrony/chrony.conf.bak

And now edit it:

sudo nano /etc/chrony/chrony.conf

And set the nearest NTP servers

server [NTP server]

Then save the changes and close the editor.

Now do the synchronization

sudo timedatectl set-ntp true

After that, restart the Chrony service.

sudo systemctl restart chronyd

Then, test the changes by checking the Chrony sources

chronyc sources

Output

210 Number of sources = 8
MS Name/IP address         Stratum Poll Reach LastRx Last sample               
===============================================================================
^- golem.canonical.com           2   6    37     5  +6082us[+6082us] +/-   54ms
^- chilipepper.canonical.com     2   6    67     3   +313us[ +313us] +/-   47ms
^- alphyn.canonical.com          2   6    37     5   +892us[ +892us] +/-  119ms
^+ pugot.canonical.com           2   6    37     4  +1452us[+1452us] +/-   71ms
^* 25000-021.cloud.services>     2   6    37     6   +881us[  -83us] +/-   48ms
^- ns1.luns.net.uk               2   6    37     4  +2533us[+2533us] +/-   67ms
^+ 2a01:4f8:c2c:3d20::1          3   6    37     4  -1651us[-1651us] +/-   93ms
^+ time02.nevondo.com            2   6    37     4  +1028us[+1028us] +/-   43ms

So, everything is correct.

Note: I am uing the default server. In this output, you will see the server that you added.

Configuring the Chrony Client

Now it’s time to do the client configuration. Regardless of the Linux distribution you use, you have to set the Timezone correctly.

sudo timedatectl set-timezone Europe/Berlin

Proceed now to install the client on your distribution.

For example, on CentOS it would be

sudo dnf install chony

Or on Debian based distributions:

sudo apt install chrony

Next, you have to configure Chrony to serve the server you have configured.

sudo nano /etc/chrony/chrony.conf

And add the Chrony server:

server chrony-server-ip

Save the changes and close the editor. Now synchronise your computer with the created NTP server.

sudo timedatectl set-ntp true

You can also verify the changes by running

chronyc sources

So, enjoy it.

Conclusion

An NTP server is a simple tool to set up but it will help you to keep everything in order on your network. This step is essential for many computer systems.

The post A NTP Server by installing Chrony on Ubuntu 20.04 appeared first on Linux Windows and android Tutorials.

If you are an application developer and need to package it for a distribution like Fedora, Debian or Ubuntu, you need some tools. Some of these tools are considered to be essential for the process.

So, all these tools are contained in the package "Development Tools“. Other important packages will be installed there. Some of them are:

• GCC the GNU C language compiler which is a mainstay for developing various languages and installing programs.
• make which allows us to compile programs from source code.
• G++ the GNU compiler for the C++ language which is widely used in QT applications.

And many more.

Install the Development and build tools on Fedora 34/ 33

These packages are not the dependencies of any program so you can install them from the source code or create new RPM packages. These packages are the basic tools that allow these operations. However, the libraries and the rest of the tools depend on each package you need to compile or create.

So, open a terminal and update the distribution:

sudo dnf update

And it carries out the installation by running:

sudo dnf groupinstall "Development Tools" "Development Libraries"

And you will see a long list of packages to be installed. All are libraries and some tools for it. But the installation doesn’t have to take that long either.

In the end, it is possible to show the versions of the most popular tools like GCC, G++, or make.

make --version

Output:

GNU Make 4.3
 Built for x86_64-redhat-linux-gnu
 Copyright (C) 1988-2020 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later http://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html
 This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.
 There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.

gcc --version

Sample Output

gcc (GCC) 11.0.1 20210324 (Red Hat 11.0.1-0)
 Copyright (C) 2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 This is free software; see the source for copying conditions.  There is NO
 warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.

g++ --version

Output

g++ (GCC) 11.1.1 20210428 (Red Hat 11.1.1-1)
 Copyright (C) 2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 This is free software; see the source for copying conditions.  There is NO
 warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.

And now you have at least the basic packages to start the work.

Conclusion

The development and package building tools are very important in Fedora 34. Since many programs that are in the repositories depend on them and installing them can save us time.

On the other hand, they become quite necessary if we are developers or application packagers.

The post How to install the Development and build tools on Fedora 34 / 33? appeared first on Linux Windows and android Tutorials.

It is not necessary talk much about PostgreSQL. However, very briefly I will explain you what it is. It is a SQL database manager, open source and well known by application developers. Mainly because it has a considerably superior performance to others like MariaDB or MySQL. So we will have enterprise power in a community program. Sounds good, no?

PostgreSQL has an updated repository for Fedora. However, due to the recent release of Fedora 34, version 11 is available. So in this sense we will have no problems.

Install PostgreSQL on Fedora 34

While PostgreSQL is an application, it has many additional libraries to extend its functionality. Or, to make it work with other programming languages such as Java, Python, C++ or PHP. In addition, we can have access to other libraries of the program for development.

So, first of all, I am going to use DNF the Fedora package manager to look for all PostgreSQL related packages.

:~$ sudo dnf search postgresql

As you can see, there are many packages related to PostgreSQL. But as I said before, they refer to libraries needed to extend the functionality.

Now, let’s install it.

:~$ sudo dnf install postgresql-server

Then you have to prepare PostgreSQL for the first use. So, we have to init the database and then, start the service. After that, test it.

:~$ sudo /usr/bin/postgresql-setup --initdb

Next, enable and start the service.

:~$ sudo systemctl enable postgresql
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/postgresql.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/postgresql.service.
:~$ sudo systemctl start postgresql

Now, test the installation.

:~$ sudo su - postgres

And access to the PostgreSQL console.

:~$ psql

Then, list all databases.

:~$ \l

So, PostgreSQL is correctly installed.

Conclusion

PostgreSQL is a great database manager and today you have learned how to install it in Fedora 34. So as you can see it’s quite easy, just share this post with your friends.

The post How to install PostgreSQL on Fedora 34? appeared first on Linux Windows and android Tutorials.

We have talked a lot about NodeJS in this blog because it is a new technology that allows us to create many complex web applications quickly.

NodeJS is a technology that allows running Javascript on the server-side using Google’s V8 engine. It is a real revolution in the way web applications are developed because it reduces the asymmetry of client and server performance.

Many important forms such as Linkedin or eBay were created using this technology. This shows us the power of NodeJS.

An advantage of NodeJS is that its syntax is similar to that of Javascript and therefore its learning curve decreases a lot.

Set up your NodeJS application for production on Ubuntu 20.04

The first thing we have to do is to install NodeJS on the server where we want our application to be. To do this, we will use the 14.x branch, which is one of the most modern ones.

To do this, connect via SSH to your server and update the distribution

sudo apt update
sudo apt upgrade

Now, add the NodeJS repository for the 14.x branch by downloading and executing the official script

curl -sL https://deb.nodesource.com/setup_14.x -o nodesource_setup.sh
sudo bash nodesource_setup.sh

This will start the whole process and at the end, you will be able to check the version of NodeJS installed by running this command:

node -v
v14.16.1

It is important that we also check the installed version of npm.

npm -v
6.14.12

Now we have the software installed, let’s see an example of how to deploy our application.

To do this I will create a simple NodeJS file called exmaple.js that displays a hello world.

nano example.js
const http = require('http');

const hostname = 'localhost';
const port = 3000;

const server = http.createServer((req, res) => {
  res.statusCode = 200;
  res.setHeader('Content-Type', 'text/plain');
  res.end('Hello World. Welcome to Osradar\n');
});

server.listen(port, hostname, () => {
  console.log(`Server running at http://${hostname}:${port}/`);
});

Of course, in your case, you will have several files and all the necessary structures.

To run the application just use this command

node example.js

And you will get an output screen similar to this one:

Server running at http://localhost:3000/

To stop the execution of the program, just press CTRL + C.

Running a production NodeJS application in this way is not recommended. The normal way is to use pm2 which allows us to run it as a system service.

To do this, let’s install it on the system.

sudo npm install pm2@latest -g

You will get an output screen similar to this one

+ pm2@4.5.6
added 175 packages from 194 contributors in 13.798s

And now you can start running the created program:

pm2 start example.js

You will get an output screen similar to this.

Remember that this is an example and that you have to execute these commands from the folder where your project is and with the main execution file of your application.

Configuring Nginx as the reverse proxy

This step, although optional, is recommended so that our application can be accessed without any problems. To do this, install Nginx

sudo apt install nginx

And then, create a new configuration file for our application. In this case, I will call the file node but you can name it whatever you want.

sudo nano /etc/nginx/sites-available/node

Now add the following to the file.

server {
    listen 80;
    server_name node.osradar.test;
    location / {
        proxy_pass http://localhost:3000;
        proxy_http_version 1.1;
        proxy_set_header Upgrade $http_upgrade;
        proxy_set_header Connection 'upgrade';
        proxy_set_header Host $host;
        proxy_cache_bypass $http_upgrade;
    }
}

Remember to replace the server_name value with the domain you have.

Save your changes and close the text editor.

You can check if the Nginx syntax is correct by running

sudo nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful

The output on the screen indicates that the syntax is correct and you can continue.

To apply the changes, restart Nginx.

sudo systemctl restart nginx

Now, open your web browser and log in with your domain name and you will see the application working.

Conclusion

In this post, we have shown you how to deploy your NodeJS application on a server. At least you have the basics, from here you have to set up the security policies that your server needs.

The post How to set up your NodeJS application for production appeared first on Linux Windows and android Tutorials.

R is a free software environment for statistical computing and graphics. It compiles and runs on a wide variety of UNIX platforms, Windows and MacOS.In addition, it is also a very well documented language and has its own LaTeX-like documentation format.

Features

Among the advantages of R, is its great syntactic similarity with S-Plus, which has facilitated the migration of many users. Equally important is the fact that it is a language with a very active development cycle.

One of R’s strengths is the ease with which well-designed publication-quality plots can be produced, including mathematical symbols and formulae where needed.

Another great advantage is that R is multiplatform, that is to say, it can be installed both in Windows and in any Linux distribution.

Let’s not talk anymore and we are going to install R programming on Ubuntu 18.04.

0. What you need

In the first place, it is necessary that you have installed Ubuntu 20.04 / 18.04 which is the recommended platform for development with this language.

It is also necessary that you have a user who can execute commands in the terminal as root.

So, let’s start.

1. Upgrade the system

In order to have the latest security patches and thus ensure the proper functioning of the system, it is necessary to make a general update to all packages.

:~$ sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade

Now, you can continue with the installation.

2. Add GPG keys for the R repository

A simple way to install R is through APT. To do this we must add the R repository, however, first you have to add the GPG key.

:~$ sudo apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-keys E298A3A825C0D65DFD57CBB651716619E084DAB9

Then, add the repository.

:~$ sudoadd-apt-repository "deb https://cloud.r-project.org/bin/linux/ubuntu $(lsb_release -cs)-cran40/"

Now, you can install R programming.

3. Install R programming

Now just run the command to install R programming.

:~$ sudo apt update
:~$ sudo apt install r-base

Now, you can start to use R.

4. Verify the installation and using R

Now, it is necessary to verify the installation that we have made. To do this, type on the terminal.

:~$ sudo -i R

And you’ll see R’s console.

Now let’s make the typical “Hello World” using R.

5. Conclusion

R is not a programming language for all people or for all circumstances. On the other hand, it is a language rather oriented to manipulation of data for statistical purposes and that makes it a quite reliable alternative for your subject.

The post How to install R programming on Ubuntu 20.04 /18.04? appeared first on Linux Windows and android Tutorials.

Recently a new version of PHP has been released which is a major release promising many things like improved performance. This makes it an attractive release and already many open source applications have started to support it. So it is also the case of FreeBSD which is already leaping.

Install PHP 8 on FreeBSD 12

In this post, we will use Apache so that together with FreeBSD we have a small server where we will be able to test the operation of the same one. Also, we will run the commands with the root user but if your user has sudo access, you can use it too.

So, let’s get started.

Install Apache on FreeBSD

First of all, you have to install the Apache webserver from the official repositories, just run:

pkg install apache24
Updating FreeBSD repository catalogue...
FreeBSD repository is up to date.
All repositories are up to date.
The following 13 package(s) will be affected (of 0 checked):

New packages to be INSTALLED:
	apache24: 2.4.46_2
	apr: 1.7.0.1.6.1_1
	ca_root_nss: 3.58
	curl: 7.74.0
	db5: 5.3.28_7
	expat: 2.2.10
	gdbm: 1.18.1_1
	jansson: 2.13.1
	libnghttp2: 1.42.0
	libxml2: 2.9.10_2
	pcre: 8.44
	perl5: 5.32.1_1
	readline: 8.0.4

Number of packages to be installed: 13

The process will require 157 MiB more space.
36 MiB to be downloaded.

Proceed with this action? [y/N]: 

The command will also install several dependencies that are necessary to install Apache.

After installing it, make it start with the system, this is recommended.

sysrc apache24_enable=yes

After that, start the service:

service apache24 start

This way we will have Apache on FreeBSD. Do not forget to open ports 80 and 443 of your Firewall so that it can run correctly.

Install PHP 8 on FreeBSD

Now it is the turn of PHP 8, which fortunately is already in the official repositories. So we will be able to install it without any problems – some of the PHP modules will have to be installed from ports or by compiling the source code but they are few.

So run the following command to install PHP 8 and some of its main modules

pkg install php80 mod_php80 php80-mbstring php80-zlib php80-curl php80-gd php80-gd
Updating FreeBSD repository catalogue...
FreeBSD repository is up to date.
All repositories are up to date.
The following 18 package(s) will be affected (of 0 checked):

New packages to be INSTALLED:
	fontconfig: 2.13.92_2,1
	freetype2: 2.10.4
	giflib: 5.2.1
	jbigkit: 2.1_1
	jpeg-turbo: 2.0.6
	libargon2: 20190702
	libgd: 2.3.1,1
	mod_php80: 8.0.3
	oniguruma: 6.9.6
	pcre2: 10.36
	php80: 8.0.3
	php80-curl: 8.0.3
	php80-gd: 8.0.3
	php80-mbstring: 8.0.3
	php80-zlib: 8.0.3
	png: 1.6.37
	tiff: 4.2.0
	webp: 1.1.0

Number of packages to be installed: 18

The process will require 66 MiB more space.
12 MiB to be downloaded.

Proceed with this action? [y/N]:

With Apache and PHP installed, we have to make some configurations to get them working.

Configuring Apache to work with PHP

The configuration we have to do is quite simple. In the /usr/local/etc/apache24/Includes/ directory we have to add a file where PHP support is added.

In my case, I like nano so I have installed it.

pkg install nano

And with it create and edit the file:

nano /usr/local/etc/apache24/Includes/php.conf

And add the following content:

<IfModule dir_module>
         DirectoryIndex index.php index.html
    
         <FilesMatch "\.php$">
                  SetHandler application/x-httpd-php
         </FilesMatch>

         <FilesMatch "\.phps$">
                  SetHandler application/x-httpd-php-source
         </FilesMatch>
</IfModule>

Save the changes and close the editor.

To verify if everything went well, it is necessary to make a sample file with some PHP code in the default Apache DocumentRoot.

nano /usr/local/www/apache24/data/info.php

And add

<?php
    phpinfo();
?>

Save the changes and close the editor. To apply all changes made, restart Apache.

service apache24 restart

Now open your web browser and go to http://your-server/info.php and you will see the following

So, PHP 8 is ready for work.

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ClamAV is an open source antivirus engine for detecting Trojans, viruses, malware and other malicious threats. Of course, it is available for the most common Linux distributions including Debian, Ubuntu, and CentOS.

In case you didn’t know, ClamAV is the standard for mail gateway scanning software. Of course, we are talking about the open source area. This tells you how powerful and reliable it is. All this, with a high performance, which assures you that you will not have an unnecessary expense of computer resource.

Let’s install ClamAV on Debian 10 / Debian 9.

1. Install ClamAV

Installing ClamAV is really simple because it is available in the main repositories of most Linux distributions.

In case you are using Fedora:

:~$ sudo dnf install clamav

For CentOS 7:

:~$ sudo yum install clamav-server clamav-data clamav-update clamav-filesystem clamav clamav-scanner-systemd clamav-devel clamav-lib clamav-server-systemd

To install ClamAV in OpenSuse, just run:

:~$ sudo zypper install clamav

And for Debian and Ubuntu:

:~$ su
:~# apt update && sudo apt upgrade
:~# apt-get install clamav clamav-daemon

The installation is done.

2. Using ClamAV

Like any antivirus, its effectiveness depends on how often you update your virus definition. So the first step is to update ClamAV.

:~# freshclam

Next, scan a directory.

:~# clamscan -r /home/angelo

The -r option is for recursively search.

In this case, ClamAV doesn’t detect any viruses because I literally don’t have any. It is practically a clean Debian installation.

I got an infected file, let’s see how ClamAV treats it.

As you can see, ClamAV found the infected file. Now, remove it.

:~# clamscan --infected --remove --recursive /home/angelo

The above process is very easy but it is not a good idea if it has to be done frequently. So, initialize the ClamAV daemon to constantly look for threats.

:~# systemctl start clamav-daemon
:~# systemctl start clamav-freshclam

Finally, you can consult the rest of ClamAV usage using its help. It is important to know other options of use and configuration.

:~# clamav --help

And that’s it for now.

Conclusion

It is important to know how to use ClamAV on Linux because security is an issue that should not be taken lightly. Its installation and use are quite simple but because it is open source it guarantees a correct and frequently updated database.

Please share this post with your friends.

The post Install ClamAV on Debian 10 / Debian 9/ Ubuntu 20.04/ 18.04 appeared first on Linux Windows and android Tutorials.

According to the official website of Spack,

Spack is a package manager for supercomputers, Linux, and macOS. It makes installing scientific software easy. Spack isn’t tied to a particular language; you can build a software stack in Python or R, link to libraries written in C, C++, or Fortran, and easily swap compilers or target specific microarchitectures.

This makes it a tool for a very specific sector but also for users who need a similar tool. With Spack, you can build a package with multiple versions, configurations, platforms, and compilers, and all of these builds can coexist on the same machine.

For such a professional tool, it’s very easy to install on Ubuntu 20.04

Install Spack on Ubuntu 20.04

Before you start, update all the operating system packages by running the following commands in the terminal:

sudo apt update
sudo apt upgrade

After that, install git and the Ubuntu package building tools.

sudo apt install git build-essential

Once the installation is finished, it’s time to install Spack.

To do this, you can use git and specify a directory where you want to save the archive.

git clone https://github.com/spack/spack ~/.apps/spack/Spack

In my case, I have chosen ~/.apps/spack/Spack but you can choose another path.

Now, to use Spack from any location at the prompt, you have to add this folder to the PATH.

echo '. ~/.apps/spack/Spack/Spack/share/spack/setup-env.sh' >> ~/.bash_profile

Then, apply the changes by running

source ~/.bash_profile

And we can start using it, for example, it shows the installed version:

spack -V
0.16.0-1053-f28026c040

Using Spack on Ubuntu 20.04

The tool is quite simple to use, to install a program you just need to run

spack install [program_name]

Also, you can install the specific version of a program with the help of the @ sign.

spack install [program_name]@version

Now to know the version list of a program, you can use versions

spack versions [program_name]

If you want to know which packages or programs are available, you can do so with the list command

spack list

You can even filter them using a wildcard

spack list 'py-*'

In this case, all packages starting with py- will be shown.

To uninstall packages we can use the same syntax as install but with the uninstall command

spack uninstall [program_name]

Or for a specific version:

spack uninstall [program_name]@version

Also, it is useful to remove its dependencies with the -R option.

spack uninstall -R [program_name]

So, enjoy it.

Conclusion

Thanks to this post, you now know how to install Spack on Ubuntu 20.04 which is a tool used at a scientific level. It is quite easy to use and to install for all it does.

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