Recently a new version of PHP has been released which is a major release promising many things like improved performance. This makes it an attractive release and already many open source applications have started to support it. So it is also the case of FreeBSD which is already leaping.

Install PHP 8 on FreeBSD 12

In this post, we will use Apache so that together with FreeBSD we have a small server where we will be able to test the operation of the same one. Also, we will run the commands with the root user but if your user has sudo access, you can use it too.

So, let’s get started.

Install Apache on FreeBSD

First of all, you have to install the Apache webserver from the official repositories, just run:

pkg install apache24
Updating FreeBSD repository catalogue...
FreeBSD repository is up to date.
All repositories are up to date.
The following 13 package(s) will be affected (of 0 checked):

New packages to be INSTALLED:
	apache24: 2.4.46_2
	apr: 1.7.0.1.6.1_1
	ca_root_nss: 3.58
	curl: 7.74.0
	db5: 5.3.28_7
	expat: 2.2.10
	gdbm: 1.18.1_1
	jansson: 2.13.1
	libnghttp2: 1.42.0
	libxml2: 2.9.10_2
	pcre: 8.44
	perl5: 5.32.1_1
	readline: 8.0.4

Number of packages to be installed: 13

The process will require 157 MiB more space.
36 MiB to be downloaded.

Proceed with this action? [y/N]: 

The command will also install several dependencies that are necessary to install Apache.

After installing it, make it start with the system, this is recommended.

sysrc apache24_enable=yes

After that, start the service:

service apache24 start

This way we will have Apache on FreeBSD. Do not forget to open ports 80 and 443 of your Firewall so that it can run correctly.

Install PHP 8 on FreeBSD

Now it is the turn of PHP 8, which fortunately is already in the official repositories. So we will be able to install it without any problems – some of the PHP modules will have to be installed from ports or by compiling the source code but they are few.

So run the following command to install PHP 8 and some of its main modules

pkg install php80 mod_php80 php80-mbstring php80-zlib php80-curl php80-gd php80-gd
Updating FreeBSD repository catalogue...
FreeBSD repository is up to date.
All repositories are up to date.
The following 18 package(s) will be affected (of 0 checked):

New packages to be INSTALLED:
	fontconfig: 2.13.92_2,1
	freetype2: 2.10.4
	giflib: 5.2.1
	jbigkit: 2.1_1
	jpeg-turbo: 2.0.6
	libargon2: 20190702
	libgd: 2.3.1,1
	mod_php80: 8.0.3
	oniguruma: 6.9.6
	pcre2: 10.36
	php80: 8.0.3
	php80-curl: 8.0.3
	php80-gd: 8.0.3
	php80-mbstring: 8.0.3
	php80-zlib: 8.0.3
	png: 1.6.37
	tiff: 4.2.0
	webp: 1.1.0

Number of packages to be installed: 18

The process will require 66 MiB more space.
12 MiB to be downloaded.

Proceed with this action? [y/N]:

With Apache and PHP installed, we have to make some configurations to get them working.

Configuring Apache to work with PHP

The configuration we have to do is quite simple. In the /usr/local/etc/apache24/Includes/ directory we have to add a file where PHP support is added.

In my case, I like nano so I have installed it.

pkg install nano

And with it create and edit the file:

nano /usr/local/etc/apache24/Includes/php.conf

And add the following content:

<IfModule dir_module>
         DirectoryIndex index.php index.html
    
         <FilesMatch "\.php$">
                  SetHandler application/x-httpd-php
         </FilesMatch>

         <FilesMatch "\.phps$">
                  SetHandler application/x-httpd-php-source
         </FilesMatch>
</IfModule>

Save the changes and close the editor.

To verify if everything went well, it is necessary to make a sample file with some PHP code in the default Apache DocumentRoot.

nano /usr/local/www/apache24/data/info.php

And add

<?php
    phpinfo();
?>

Save the changes and close the editor. To apply all changes made, restart Apache.

service apache24 restart

Now open your web browser and go to http://your-server/info.php and you will see the following

So, PHP 8 is ready for work.

The post Install PHP 8 on FreeBSD appeared first on Linux Windows and android Tutorials.

We recently installed Nim programming language on Debian 10. Now it is FreeBSD 12’s turn.

Nowadays, almost everything is done with the help of a computer and a program. And the programs are made through a programming language. That is why it must be efficient languages with new technical features that can be brought to the program and the end-user. Today we will teach you how to install Nim programming language on FreeBSD 12.

To quote the website of this programming language:

Nim is a statically typed compiled systems programming language. It combines successful concepts from mature languages like Python, Ada, and Modula.

This gives us a pretty good idea that the language meets everything needed to create modern applications.

Like all modern languages, it has versions for Windows, Linux, macOS, and BSD. This makes it possible to run on almost all current systems. This also makes it possible for the programmer to choose the environment where he feels best.

Nim is an object-oriented language with a syntax similar to Python‘s with even similar characteristics.

So, let us get to work.

Installing Nim programming language on FreeBSD 12

Nim is available in the official FreeBSD 12 repositories, but the latest stable version is not available. So it is recommended that you download the source code and compile it.

However, if you want to install it without any problems, just run the following command:

:~$ sudo pkg install nim

And now you can start working.

However, in this tutorial, what we are looking for is to install the latest stable version. So to do this, you have to download the source code of the language.

To do this, I will use a tool called wget. Then, the first step is to install it.

:~$ sudo pkg install wget
Password:
Updating FreeBSD repository catalogue...
FreeBSD repository is up to date.
All repositories are up to date.
The following 3 package(s) will be affected (of 0 checked):

New packages to be INSTALLED:
libidn2: 2.3.0_1
libunistring: 0.9.10_1
wget: 1.20.3

Number of packages to be installed: 3

The process will require 6 MiB more space.
1 MiB to be downloaded.

Proceed with this action? [y/N]:

When the installation is finished, we can start the download using it. At the time of writing this post, the latest stable version of Nim is 1.2.0.

:~$ wget -c https://nim-lang.org/download/nim-1.2.0.tar.xz
--2020-04-10 06:47:52--  https://nim-lang.org/download/nim-1.2.0.tar.xz
Resolving nim-lang.org (nim-lang.org)... 104.28.18.79, 104.28.19.79, 2606:4700:3036::681c:134f, ...
Connecting to nim-lang.org (nim-lang.org)|104.28.18.79|:443... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 5869428 (5.6M) [application/octet-stream]
Saving to: 'nim-1.2.0.tar.xz'
nim-1.2.0.tar.xz                           100%[=====================================================================================>]   5.60M  84.4KB/s    in 50s
2020-04-10 06:48:43 (115 KB/s) - 'nim-1.2.0.tar.xz' saved [5869428/5869428]

After the download, we have to decompress the file.

:~$ tar xvfj nim-1.2.0.tar.xz

This will generate a folder called nim-1.2.0. Access it and start compiling Nim.

Access it and start compiling Nim.

:~$ cd nim-1.2.0
:~$ sh build.sh

Then, the Nim package must be further built to generate the binary for FreeBSD 12.

:~$ bin/nim c koch

So, finish the creation of the package with this last command:

~$ ./koch tools

Now yes, Nim is installed on FreeBSD 12.

The compiler and tool binaries live inside the bin directory. To test it, access the folder and display the current version.

:~$ cd nim-1.2.0/bin/
:~$ ./nim -version

Testing Nim programming language on FreeBSD 12

Before testing the installation, make Nim available as a command from any location.

To do this, it is advisable to first rename the folder to a simpler one.

:~$ cd ~
:~$ mv nim-1.2.0 nim

If you want you can move it to a more discreet directory. In my case, I’ll leave it right here.

Now to make it available as a command, edit the user profile file.

:~$ nano ~/.profile

And add the following content:

export PATH=/home/angelo/nim/bin:$PATH

Remember to modify the route where Nim is located. In this case, that’s the way it looks to me.

Then log out and log back in.

Now, create a new test file called hello.nim and add the following code:

:~$ nano hello.nim
echo "Hi, Osradar"

Save and close the file.

Then compile it with the following command:

:~$ nim c hello.nim

And run it:

~$ ./hello

So, Nim is ready for you to use it in your system.

Conclusion

Programming is very important nowadays, so it requires programming languages to match. Today we have taught you how to install Nim on FreeBSD 12 so you can have an ideal partner to make your applications.

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The post How to install Nim programming language on FreeBSD 12? appeared first on Linux Windows and android Tutorials.

First, we have to explain what Pip is. Pip is a package management system used to install and manage software packages written in Python.

If you use a lot of Python for development, it is highly likely that you will have to use Pip. Similarly, Pip is a terminal tool, so it is also used through commands.

Also, pip is a recursive acronym that can be interpreted as Pip Package Installer or Pip Python Installer.

So, let us install it.

Install Python Pip on FreeBSD 12

First, open a terminal session and search the official FreeBSD 12 repositories on pip.

:~$ sudo pkg search pip
py37-apipkg-1.5                Namespace control and lazy-import mechanism
 py37-django-pipeline-1.6.14    Asset (css/js) packaging library for Django
 py37-iterpipes-0.4_1           Library for running shell pipelines using shell-like syntax
 py37-pip-19.1.1                Tool for installing and managing Python packages
 py37-pip-api-0.0.13            Importable pip API
 py37-pip-tools-4.3.0           Keep your pinned dependencies fresh
 py37-pipdeptree-0.13.2         Command line utility to show dependency tree of packages
 py37-pipenv-2018.11.26_1       Python Development Workflow for Humans
 py37-pipreqs-0.4.10            Generate requirements.txt file for any project based on imports
 py37-pytest-azurepipelines-0.8.0 Formatting PyTest output for Azure Pipelines UI
 py37-ufal.udpipe-1.2.0.2_1     Python bindings to UDPipe library for parsing universal treebanks
 rubygem-apipie-bindings-0.2.3  Ruby bindings for API calls that are documented with Apipie
 rubygem-apipie-params-0.0.5    DSL for describing data structures with json-schema bindings
 rubygem-aws-sdk-codepipeline-1.27.0 Official AWS Ruby gem for AWS CodePipeline (CodePipeline)
 rubygem-aws-sdk-datapipeline-1.16.0 Official AWS Ruby gem for AWS Data Pipeline
 rubygem-html-pipeline-2.12.3   GitHub HTML processing filters and utilities
 rubygem-html-pipeline27-2.7.2  GitHub HTML processing filters and utilities
 rubygem-net-http-pipeline-1.0.1 HTTP/1.1 pipelining implementation atop Net::HTTP
 socketpipe-1.10                Zero overhead remote process plumbing
 spiped-1.6.0_4                 Daemon for creating secure symmetric pipes
 vdr-plugin-osdpip-0.1.2_9      Video Disk Recorder - picture-in-picture plugin
 waypipe-0.6.1_1                Network transparency with Wayland
 xpipeman-1.0_4                 Connect the pipes to stop the leakspy37-apipkg-1.5                Namespace control and lazy-import mechanism
 py37-django-pipeline-1.6.14    Asset (css/js) packaging library for Django
 py37-iterpipes-0.4_1           Library for running shell pipelines using shell-like syntax
 py37-pip-19.1.1                Tool for installing and managing Python packages
 py37-pip-api-0.0.13            Importable pip API
 py37-pip-tools-4.3.0           Keep your pinned dependencies fresh
 py37-pipdeptree-0.13.2         Command line utility to show dependency tree of packages
 py37-pipenv-2018.11.26_1       Python Development Workflow for Humans
 py37-pipreqs-0.4.10            Generate requirements.txt file for any project based on imports
 py37-pytest-azurepipelines-0.8.0 Formatting PyTest output for Azure Pipelines UI
 py37-ufal.udpipe-1.2.0.2_1     Python bindings to UDPipe library for parsing universal treebanks
 rubygem-apipie-bindings-0.2.3  Ruby bindings for API calls that are documented with Apipie
 rubygem-apipie-params-0.0.5    DSL for describing data structures with json-schema bindings
 rubygem-aws-sdk-codepipeline-1.27.0 Official AWS Ruby gem for AWS CodePipeline (CodePipeline)
 rubygem-aws-sdk-datapipeline-1.16.0 Official AWS Ruby gem for AWS Data Pipeline
 rubygem-html-pipeline-2.12.3   GitHub HTML processing filters and utilities
 rubygem-html-pipeline27-2.7.2  GitHub HTML processing filters and utilities
 rubygem-net-http-pipeline-1.0.1 HTTP/1.1 pipelining implementation atop Net::HTTP
 socketpipe-1.10                Zero overhead remote process plumbing
 spiped-1.6.0_4                 Daemon for creating secure symmetric pipes
 vdr-plugin-osdpip-0.1.2_9      Video Disk Recorder - picture-in-picture plugin
 waypipe-0.6.1_1                Network transparency with Wayland
 xpipeman-1.0_4                 Connect the pipes to stop the leaks

As we can see we have two versions of Pip. One oriented to be used with Python 3 and the other for Python 2.

In this case, it is best to use the version for Python 3. You can install it with the following command:

:~$ sudo pkg install py37-pip
Updating FreeBSD repository catalogue…
 FreeBSD repository is up to date.
 All repositories are up to date.
 The following 4 package(s) will be affected (of 0 checked):
 New packages to be INSTALLED:
     py37-pip: 19.1.1
     python37: 3.7.6
     libffi: 3.2.1_3
     py37-setuptools: 41.4.0_1
 Number of packages to be installed: 4
 The process will require 125 MiB more space.
 18 MiB to be downloaded.
 Proceed with this action? [y/N]: 

At the end of the installation, you will get some messages from the installer.

Message from py37-pip-19.1.1:
 --
 pip MUST ONLY be used:
 With the --user flag, OR
 To install or manage Python packages in virtual environments 
 Failure to follow this warning can and will result in an inconsistent
 system-wide Python environment (LOCALBASE/lib/pythonX.Y/site-packages) and
 cause errors.
 Avoid using pip as root unless you know what you're doing.

Now Pip is ready to be used. For example, check the current version:

:~$ pip --version
pip 19.1.1 from /usr/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pip (python 3.7)

Although it is already possible to use Pip, it is convenient to upgrade to the latest stable version. This is to take better advantage of the new features and to improve its stability.

To upgrade Pip to the latest stable version, use the following command:

:~$ sudo pip install --upgrade pip --user
Successfully installed pip-20.0.2

There you go. Pip is ready to be used without a problem.

Conclusion

Programming in Python is very widespread and that is why every day there are useful tools made with this language. An easy way to manage these programs made in Python is to install Pip. As you can see it is very easy but it can be very useful to know it.

For more information I recommend you to read the user guide of the program.

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The post How to install python Pip on FreeBSD 12? appeared first on Linux Windows and android Tutorials.

Go is an open source (BSD license) programming language that was born with the objective of allowing the creation of efficient and easily distributable applications. So, it has binaries for Windows, Mac OS and of course, for Linux.

One of the main features of Go is the efficiency with which it manages computer resources. To the extent that many claims to be the natural replacement of C.

On the other hand, Go is a compiled language and has a garbage collector that tries to reduce the latency to the minimum guaranteeing optimal performance.

For this and many other reasons is that more and more developers have it as their main language.

Install Go language on FreeBSD 12

One of the main advantages of FreeBSD is that it has a large number of packages available from the official repositories. However, not all of them are up-to-date.

So in this post, we will download and install the latest stable version of Go which is 1.14.

First, open a terminal session. Once you have it open, you need to install curl to download Go.

:~$ sudo pkg install curl
Updating FreeBSD repository catalogue...
FreeBSD repository is up to date.
All repositories are up to date.
The following 2 package(s) will be affected (of 0 checked):
New packages to be INSTALLED:
	curl: 7.67.0
	ca_root_nss: 3.50
Number of packages to be installed: 2
The process will require 4 MiB more space.
1 MiB to be downloaded.
Proceed with this action? [y/N]: y

Once you have installed curl, we can start the download of Go with the following command:

:~$ curl https://dl.google.com/go/go1.14.freebsd-amd64.tar.gz --output go.tar.gz

When the download is finished we have to unzip it and move it to the /usr/local/ directory

:~$ tar xvf go.tar.gz
:~$ sudo mv go /usr/local

Go is ready for action, but it is convenient to make it available globally in our terminal. To do this, you have to edit the profile file.

:~$ sudo nano ~/.profile

And add the following content at the end:

export GOROOT=/usr/local/go 
export GOPATH=$HOME/work/
export PATH=$GOPATH/bin:$GOROOT/bin:$PATH

I’ll explain something quickly. The second line refers to a folder called “work” in that folder is where we have to include all our Go projects. Of course, you can replace the name “work” with whatever you want.

Save the changes and close the file.

Now you can see the version of Go installed with the following command:

:~$ go version
go version go1.14 freebsd/amd64

This indicates that Go is available from the console no matter where the prompt is located.

Testing Go

Now that Go is installed, let’s do the classic Hello World program to check that everything is okay.

First, we’ll create the project folders. Remember that it will be inside the work folder. Inside it, the project folder and inside it, the src folder where we will create the source file.

:~$ mkdir -p $HOME/work/src/hello

Then, create the source file and add the following content

:~$ nano ~/work/src/hello/hello.go
package main 
 import "fmt"
 func main() {
 fmt.Printf("hello, world\n")
 }

Finally, we build the project, compile the source code and execute it:

:~$ go build hello
:~$ go install hello
:~$ hello
hello, world

So, Go is ready to use.

Conclusion

There are many programming languages but there is always room for innovation and that is what Go gives us. An efficient language and with the support of a giant like Google.

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The post How to install Go Language on FreeBSD 12? appeared first on Linux Windows and android Tutorials.

We already know that Java is one of the most used programming languages in the world. Besides this, many applications need Java to run and therefore many people need it.

On the other hand, many people use FreeBSD 12 as an operating system for a server. Many dedicated server applications need Java to run as well as to serve applications.

So, let us do it.

Install Java on FreeBSD 12

For this tutorial you need to run sudo. So this program has to be enabled and working properly. For that, read our tutorial about it:

How to enable sudo on FreeBSD 12?

Once you have done it, you can continue with the post.

Next is bscar Java in the official FreeBSD 12 repositories.

:~$ sudo pkg search openjd
bootstrap-openjdk11-11.0.5.10.1 Java Development Kit 11
bootstrap-openjdk6-r450701 Java Development Kit 6
bootstrap-openjdk8-r450802 Java Development Kit 8
openjdk-7.161.01,1 Java Development Kit 7
openjdk-jre-7.161.01,1 Java Runtime Environment 7
openjdk11-11.0.5+10.1 Java Development Kit 11
openjdk12-12.0.2+10.3_1 Java Development Kit 12
openjdk13-13.0.1+9.1 Java Development Kit 13
openjdk8-8.232.09.1_1 Java Development Kit 8
openjdk8-jre-8.232.09.1_1 Java Runtime Environment 8
rxtx-openjdk8-2.2p2_4 Native interface to serial ports in Java

In the image we can see that there are several versions of Java available, but only version 8 contains both JDK and JRE. Therefore, this is the version that we will install.

:~$ sudo pkg install openjdk8
Updating FreeBSD repository catalogue...
FreeBSD repository is up to date.
All repositories are up to date.
The following 27 package(s) will be affected (of 0 checked):
New packages to be INSTALLED:
	openjdk8: 8.232.09.1_1
	libXtst: 1.2.3_2
	libXi: 1.7.10,1
	libXfixes: 5.0.3_2
	libX11: 1.6.9,1
	libxcb: 1.13.1
	libXdmcp: 1.1.3
	xorgproto: 2019.2
	libXau: 1.0.9
	libxml2: 2.9.10
	libpthread-stubs: 0.4
	libXext: 1.3.4,1
	libXrender: 0.9.10_2
	libXt: 1.2.0,1
	libSM: 1.2.3,1
	libICE: 1.0.10,1
	fontconfig: 2.12.6,1
	expat: 2.2.8
	freetype2: 2.10.1
	dejavu: 2.37_1
	mkfontscale: 1.2.1
	libfontenc: 1.1.4
	javavmwrapper: 2.7.4
	java-zoneinfo: 2019.b
	giflib: 5.2.1
	libinotify: 20180201_1
	alsa-lib: 1.1.2_2
Number of packages to be installed: 27
The process will require 234 MiB more space.
89 MiB to be downloaded.
Proceed with this action? [y/N]:

Once Java is installed a few more things need to be done to get it ready for work. Because this OpenJDK implementation requires fdescfs(5) mounted on /dev/fd and
procfs(5) mounted on /proc.

So, to do it, run these commands:

:~$ sudo mount -t fdescfs fdesc /dev/fd
:~$ sudo mount -t procfs proc /proc

This solves the problem temporarily, if we want to avoid running these commands every time we start the system, we have to edit the file /etc/fstab and add the following:

:~$ sudo nano /etc/fstab
fdesc	/dev/fd		fdescfs		rw	0	0
proc	/proc		procfs		rw	0	0

So, save the changes and close the file.

Now, you can check the Java version.

:~$ java -version

So, Java is ready for the action.

Conclusion

Java is a fairly popular platform and this makes it necessary for many FreeBSD 12 developers and users to run or serve applications of this type. Today you have learned how to install it without problems.

Please share this post and join our Telegram channel.

The post How to install Java on FreeBSD 12? appeared first on Linux Windows and android Tutorials.

Yarn is a Javascript dependency manager that stands out for being fast, secure and reliable. It is presented to us as the most solid alternative to NPM. In addition, it is open source and it has the protection of a giant like Facebook what guarantees us solidity and robustness of the project. Some of its characteristics are the following:

• Fast: Yarn caches every package it has downloaded.
• Reliable: Using a detailed but concise lockfile format and a deterministic algorithm for install operations.
• Secure: Yarn uses checksums to verify the integrity of every installed package before its code is executed.

There are also other features such as its efficiency in the use of the network as well as an offline mode. All this can be found on the Github site of Yarn.

So, let us start.

Install Yarn on FreeBSD 12

For this tutorial, you must have sudo enabled, so this is the first step.

How to enable sudo on FreeBSD 12?

After you can use sudo, you can continue.

The FreeBSD 12 repositories are quite large, so we will first look for yarn in them.

Open a terminal and run the following:

:~$ sudo pkg search yarn
yarn-1.19.1                    Package manager for node, alternative to npm
yarn-node10-1.19.1             Package manager for node, alternative to npm
yarn-node12-1.19.1             Package manager for node, alternative to npm
yarn-node8-1.19.1              Package manager for node, alternative to npm

As you can see in the picture, yarn is in the official repositories. And also, they have several versions according to the version of NodeJS we have installed.

However, to install it, just use the following command:

:~$ sudo pkg install yarn
Updating FreeBSD repository catalogue...
FreeBSD repository is up to date.
All repositories are up to date.
The following 6 package(s) will be affected (of 0 checked):

New packages to be INSTALLED:
	yarn: 1.19.1
	node: 13.3.0
	libnghttp2: 1.40.0
	c-ares: 1.15.0_1
	libuv: 1.34.0
	icu: 65.1,1

Number of packages to be installed: 6

The process will require 92 MiB more space.
19 MiB to be downloaded.

Proceed with this action? [y/N]:

Once it is installed, you can check the installed version.

:~$ yarn --version

This indicates that yarn is ready for action.

Basic use of Yarn

Now we will look at some basic steps in the use of yarn. I’m going to create a sample project, and for that I’ll first create a new dedicated folder.

:~$ mkdir project

Now I’ll access it:

cd project/

And within it, I initiate the yarn project. This will make me ask some questions about the configuration of the project. Nothing complicated.

:~$ yarn init
yarn init v1.19.1
question name (project): Example
question version (1.0.0): 
question description: This is an example
question entry point (index.js): 
question repository url: https://www.osradar.com/
question author: Angelo
question license (MIT): 
question private: no
success Saved package.json
Done in 34.27s.

If you want to add a new dependency, just use the following command:

:~$ yarn add [name]

Or to eliminate it:

:~$ yarn remove [name]

And from the project folder, we can install the rooms:

:~$ yarn

And so we can continue with the installation.

Conclusion

Yarn is a fantastic tool for Javascript developers and thus makes it easier to create functional web applications. Now you know how to install it on FreeBSD 12.

Please share this post and join our Telegram channel.

The post How to install yarn on FreeBSD 12? appeared first on Linux Windows and android Tutorials.

Lighttpd is a “secure, fast, compatible and very flexible” web server optimized for high-performance environments. It consumes very few resources compared to other web servers and especially fast for running AJAX applications. It is also open source and uses a BSD license and works on UNIX-like systems, such as Linux or BSD.

Generally, Lighttpd is used in servers where maximum performance is needed even at the sacrifice of some features. Despite this, Lighttpd is always a good alternative to the popular Apache and Nginx.

Install Lighttpd on FreeBSD 12

For this tutorial, you need to have sudo enabled. For this, I recommend you to read our post about it:

How to enable sudo on FreeBSD 12?

Before starting with the tutorial, it is recommended to update the system completely, to do it, open a terminal emulator or connect to your server using SSH and write:

:~$ sudo pkg update

Now we can really get started with the tutorial.

1.- Install Lighttpd

Lighttpd is available from the official FreeBSD repositories. Therefore, the installation will not result in problems. So to install it, use the following command:

:~$ sudo pkg install lighttpd
Updating FreeBSD repository catalogue...
Fetching meta.txz: 100%    944 B   0.9kB/s    00:01    
Fetching packagesite.txz: 100%    6 MiB  53.0kB/s    02:02    
Processing entries: 100%
FreeBSD repository update completed. 31558 packages processed.
All repositories are up to date.
The following 4 package(s) will be affected (of 0 checked):

New packages to be INSTALLED:
lighttpd: 1.4.54
lua52: 5.2.4
libedit: 3.1.20191211,1
pcre: 8.43_2

Number of packages to be installed: 4

The process will require 10 MiB more space.
2 MiB to be downloaded.

Proceed with this action? [y/N]:

After entering the password, the download will start.

For now, we won’t start the Lighttpd service because there are some settings we have to make first.

2.- Install PHP on FreeBSD 12

Of course, if we install only Lighttpd we won’t be able to run any web application made with PHP. This brings a consequence that the functionality would decay. So let’s install it:

:~$ sudo pkg install php74 mod_php74 php74-mbstring php74-zlib php74-curl php74-gd php74-json

I took the opportunity to install some extra modules.

Now we have to make some modifications to PHP so that it can work without problems with Lighttpd.

First open the file /usr/local/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf and make these changes.

Find the line:

listen = 127.0.0.1:9000

And exchange it for this one:

listen = /var/run/php-fpm.sock

Then, locate the following lines and decomment them:

;listen.owner = www
;listen.group = www
;listen.mode = 0660

Looking like this in the picture:

So, save the changes and close the file.

Now it is necessary to create a new php.ini file. During the installation, two example files are created that we have to use depending on the function of our computer. These files are php.ini-production and php.ini-development.

So we have to choose one, in my case, I will assume that FreeBSD 12 is for production, so that will be my choice.

Note: it is likely that if you choose the other one this tutorial will work as well.

So, we copy the example file as php.ini:

:~$ sudo cp /usr/local/etc/php.ini-production /usr/local/etc/php.ini

And we edited the file in question:

:~$ sudo nano /usr/local/etc/php.ini

And locate the line:

;cgi.fix_pathinfo=1

And exchange it for this one:

cgi.fix_pathinfo=0

Again, save the changes and close the file.

Now we can start and enable the PHP-fpm service.

:~$ sudo sysrc php_fpm_enable=yes
php_fpm_enable: -> yes
:~$ sudo service php-fpm start
Performing sanity check on php-fpm configuration:
[20-Feb-2020 14:50:21] NOTICE: configuration file /usr/local/etc/php-fpm.conf test is successful
Starting php_fpm.

3.- Configuring Lighttpd on FreeBSD 12

In this section of the tutorial, we have to make some configurations to Lighttpd so that it can work with PHP.

So, open the file /usr/local/etc/lighttpd/modules.conf

:~$ sudo nano /usr/local/etc/lighttpd/modules.conf

And uncomment the line:

include "conf.d/fastcgi.conf"

What this does is to include the fastcgi module which is the one we will use for Lighttpd to process PHP.

At the end of that same file, add the following:

fastcgi.server += ( ".php" =>
        ((
                "socket" => "/var/run/php-fpm.sock",
                "broken-scriptfilename" => "enable"
        ))
)

Save the changes and close the editor.

Before starting the service, edit the main Lighttpd configuration file and uncomment the line:

:~$ sudo nano /usr/local/etc/lighttpd/lighttpd.conf

server.bind = "localhost"

So, you can save the changes and close the file.

If your server uses IPv6, you have to locate this line as well and leave it as it is:

server.use-ipv6 = "enable"

And at the end of the file comment on this line:

$SERVER["socket"] == "0.0.0.0:80" { }

Remember, this is only if your server uses IPv6, if not omit this.

Now, enable and start the Lighttpd service:

:~$ sudo sysrc lighttpd_enable=yes
lighttpd_enable: -> yes

:~$ sudo service lighttpd start

So, we are going to test it.

4.- Testing Lighttpd and PHP on FreeBSD 12

Now we’re going to try everything we’ve done. The best way is to create a PHP file for the server to run.

First, create the folder where Lighttpd will look for the web files. In other words, the root directory.

:~$ sudo mkdir -p /usr/local/www/data

And now create a PHP file called test.php and add the following:

:~$ sudo nano /usr/local/www/data/test.php
<?php
phpinfo();
?>

Save the changes and close the file.

Now open your favorite web browser and go to http://server-ip/test.php and you will see the following:

So, that is it. If you want to use a database management program in FreeBSD 12, you can check these posts:

How to install PostgreSQL on FreeBSD 12?

How to install SQLite on FreeBSD 12?

So, enjoy it.

Conclusion

Lighttpd is less popular than Apache and Nginx, that’s for sure, but it’s quite useful on small servers or when we want maximum performance in a web application. Today thanks to this post, you have learned how to install it on FreeBSD 12.

Please share this post and join our Telegram channel.

The post How to install lighttpd on FreeBSD 12? appeared first on Linux Windows and android Tutorials.

PostgreSQL

PostgreSQL is one of the most advanced and modern relational database managers out there. It is always shown as the immediate competitor of MySQL and MariaDB in the segment of open source and community database managers.

One of the main advantages of using PostgreSQL is that it has extensive documentation and supports powerful features. All this in an open-source and free application.

And recently version 12 has been released. If you want to know more about it read our post about it.

PostgreSQL 12.0 is available

This new version includes security improvements and interesting new features so it’s a good idea to install it.

So, let us start.

Install PostgreSQL on FreeBSD 12

In this guide, we will use commands that require you to be root. In this case, we will choose a user with privileges to use sudo. In case your user can’t do it, you can read our post.

How to enable sudo on FreeBSD 12.

If you are already the root user, you can simply remove the word sudo from the following commands.

The first step is to upgrade the system completely. To do this, open your FreeBSD terminal and run the following command:

:~$ sudo pkg update

After this, the system will be ready for work.

The goal of this post is to install PostgreSQL 12 on FreeBSD but in the official repositories, we have several versions of PostgeSQL.

:~$ sudo pkg search ^postgresql |grep -i server
postgresql10-server-10.11      PostgreSQL is the most advanced open-source database available anywhere
postgresql11-server-11.6       PostgreSQL is the most advanced open-source database available anywhere
postgresql12-server-12.1       PostgreSQL is the most advanced open-source database available anywhere
postgresql94-server-9.4.25     PostgreSQL is the most advanced open-source database available anywhere
postgresql95-server-9.5.20     PostgreSQL is the most advanced open-source database available anywhere
postgresql96-server-9.6.16     PostgreSQL is the most advanced open-source database available anywhere

The above command performs a search of the PostgreSQL package repositories but refines the search to server.

As you can see, versions 9.4, 9.5, 9.6,10,11 and 12 are available. Let’s install the version 12. To do so, run the following:

:~$ sudo pkg install postgresql12-server
Updating FreeBSD repository catalogue...
FreeBSD repository is up to date.
All repositories are up to date.
The following 5 package(s) will be affected (of 0 checked):

New packages to be INSTALLED:
	postgresql12-server: 12.1
	icu: 65.1,1
	postgresql12-client: 12.1
	perl5: 5.30.1
	readline: 8.0.1

Number of packages to be installed: 5

The process will require 141 MiB more space.
31 MiB to be downloaded.

Proceed with this action? [y/N]:

Then, the installation will start normally.

Once the installation is complete, the first thing to do is to get PostgreSQL started with the system. This is not mandatory but it is convenient in many cases.

So to do this, edit the /etc/rc.conf file

:~$ sudo nano /etc/rc.conf

Now add the following:

postgresql_enable="YES"

Save the changes and close the file. In case you don’t have nano installed, you can do it with the following command:

:~$ sudo pkg install nano

Before starting the PostgreSQL service the default database must be initialized. To do this, run the following command:

:~$ sudo service postgresql initdb
The files belonging to this database system will be owned by user "postgres".
This user must also own the server process.

The database cluster will be initialized with locale "C".
The default text search configuration will be set to "english".

Data page checksums are disabled.

creating directory /var/db/postgres/data12 ... ok
creating subdirectories ... ok
selecting dynamic shared memory implementation ... posix
selecting default max_connections ... 100
selecting default shared_buffers ... 128MB
selecting default time zone ... America/Caracas
creating configuration files ... ok
running bootstrap script ... ok
performing post-bootstrap initialization ... ok
syncing data to disk ... ok

initdb: warning: enabling "trust" authentication for local connections
You can change this by editing pg_hba.conf or using the option -A, or
--auth-local and --auth-host, the next time you run initdb.

Success. You can now start the database server using:

    /usr/local/bin/pg_ctl -D /var/db/postgres/data12 -l logfile start

And now you can start the PostgreSQL service with the following command:

:~$ sudo service postgresql start
2020-02-05 14:52:37.731 -04 [869] LOG:  starting PostgreSQL 12.1 on amd64-portbld-freebsd12.0, compiled by FreeBSD clang version 6.0.1 (tags/RELEASE_601/final 335540) (based on LLVM 6.0.1), 64-bit
2020-02-05 14:52:37.732 -04 [869] LOG:  listening on IPv6 address "::1", port 5432
2020-02-05 14:52:37.732 -04 [869] LOG:  listening on IPv4 address "127.0.0.1", port 5432
2020-02-05 14:52:37.735 -04 [869] LOG:  listening on Unix socket "/tmp/.s.PGSQL.5432"
2020-02-05 14:52:37.749 -04 [869] LOG:  ending log output to stderr
2020-02-05 14:52:37.749 -04 [869] HINT:  Future log output will go to log destination "syslog".

Finally, access the PostgreSQL console with the following command:

:~$ sudo -u postgres psql

As you can see you can already use PostgreSQL 12 on FreeBSD without problems.

Conclusion

PostgreSQL is perhaps the best open source database manager and this consideration has not been given away. It has been earned with many jobs and above all with extraordinary performance. Now you know how to install it on FreeBSD 12.

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The post Install PostgreSQL on FreeBSD 12 appeared first on Linux Windows and android Tutorials.

Git?

If you are starting to develop applications you may not know that Git is a free, open-source version control system and that it is perhaps the best. Many developers rely on it to control the versions of their applications. By versions, we mean those in development.

Using Git you can control and separate development in each of those development branches. So the changes of one do not affect the others.

Read Introduction to the Git branches.

In this way, it is good practice to develop applications using a version control system as support.

So, let us start.

Install Git on FreeBSD 12

Git is a popular open-source application that is available on many Linux and FreeBSD distributions. So before we work, let’s do some research into the official repositories.

:~$ sudo pkg search git
git-2.24.1                     Distributed source code management tool
git-absorb-0.5.0_4             Git command for automating fixup/autosquash commits
git-bzr-ng-git20140423_1       Bi-directional git to bzr bridge
git-cinnabar-0.5.2_4           Git remote helper to interact with Mercurial repositories
git-codereview-0.0.0.2016030201_1 Command-line tool for working with Gerrit
git-cola-3.5                   Sleek and powerful Git GUI
git-crypt-0.6.0_1              Transparent file encryption in git
git-cvs-0.1.0_1                Tool to incrementally import changesets from CVS into Git
git-delta-0.0.14_1             Syntax-highlighting pager for git/diff
git-extras-5.1.0               Sub-commands for repo summary, repl, changelog population, and more
git-gui-2.24.1                 Distributed source code management tool (GUI enabled)
git-lfs-2.9.1                  Git extension for versioning large files
git-lite-2.24.1                Distributed source code management tool (lite package)
git-merge-changelog-20140202   Git "merge" driver for GNU style ChangeLog files
git-modes-emacs26-1.2.8_2,1    GNU Emacs modes for Git-related files
git-modes-emacs26_canna-1.2.8_2,1 GNU Emacs modes for Git-related files
git-modes-emacs26_nox-1.2.8_2,1 GNU Emacs modes for Git-related files
git-modes-emacs27-1.2.8_2,1    GNU Emacs modes for Git-related files
git-modes-emacs27_nox-1.2.8_2,1 GNU Emacs modes for Git-related files
git-prompt.zsh-2.2.1           Fast, customizable, pure-shell, asynchronous Git prompt for Zsh
git-remote-gcrypt-1.2          PGP-encrypt git remotes
git-remote-hg-1.0.0            Transparent bidirectional bridge between Git and Mercurial for Git
git-review-1.28.0              Allow to push code to review and interact with a Gerrit server
git-review-py27-1.28.0         Allow to push code to review and interact with a Gerrit server
git-secret-0.2.5               Bash tool to store your private data inside a git repository
git-subrepo-0.4.0              Git command for managing subrepositories
git-town-7.3.0_1               Git extension for generic, high-level git workflow support
gitaly-1.77.0_1                Smart reverse proxy for GitLab
gitblit-1.8.0_2                Open-source servlet for Git repositories
gitea-1.10.3                   Compact self-hosted Git service
gitflow-1.12.3                 Git extensions to provide high-level repository operations
gitg-3.32.1                    GTK-based git repository viewer
gitg0-0.0.8_2                  GTK-based git repository viewer (gtk2 version)
github-backup-utils-2.8.3_1    GitHub Enterprise Backup Utilities

As you can notice, I have used the sudo command, if you don’t have it enabled, I invite you to read our post so you can enable it without problems.

How to enable sudo on FreeBSD 12?

However, in the image, we can see many packages related to git and of course, the git package. So, since we’re in the official repositories, just run the following command:

:~$ sudo pkg install git
Updating FreeBSD repository catalogue...
FreeBSD repository is up to date.
All repositories are up to date.
The following 29 package(s) will be affected (of 0 checked):
New packages to be INSTALLED:
	git: 2.24.1
	p5-CGI: 4.44
	p5-HTML-Parser: 3.72
	p5-HTML-Tagset: 3.20_1
	perl5: 5.30.1
	expat: 2.2.8
	p5-IO-Socket-SSL: 2.066
	p5-Mozilla-CA: 20180117
	p5-Net-SSLeay: 1.85
	p5-IO-Socket-INET6: 2.72_1
	p5-Socket6: 0.29
	p5-Authen-SASL: 2.16_1
	p5-GSSAPI: 0.28_1
	p5-Digest-HMAC: 1.03_1
	python37: 3.7.6
	p5-Error: 0.17028
	curl: 7.67.0
	ca_root_nss: 3.50
	pcre: 8.43_2
	p5-subversion: 1.13.0
	utf8proc: 2.4.0
	subversion: 1.13.0
	serf: 1.3.9_4
	apr: 1.7.0.1.6.1
	gdbm: 1.18.1_1
	db5: 5.3.28_7
	liblz4: 1.9.2,1
	p5-Term-ReadKey: 2.38_1
	cvsps: 2.1_2
Number of packages to be installed: 29
The process will require 294 MiB more space.
56 MiB to be downloaded.
Proceed with this action? [y/N]:

When the installation is complete, you can run the Git command to test the operation.

:~$ git --version
git version 2.24.1

Now you can start working with Git.

Conclusion

Git is one of those applications that every developer must be able to manage to improve their workflow. So, you know how to install it on FreeBSD 12.

Please share this post and join our Telegram channel.

The post How to install GIT on FreeBSD 12? appeared first on Linux Windows and android Tutorials.

What is NodeJS

If you are an expert developer or already have some experience with it, you will know it is NodeJS. However, in case you are starting with it, it is a good idea to know what NodeJS is first.

NodeJS is a technology that allows running Javascript on the server-side using Google’s V8 engine. It is a real revolution in the way web applications are developed because it reduces the asymmetry of client and server performance.

Many important forms such as Linkedin or eBay were created using this technology. This shows us the power of NodeJS.

An advantage of NodeJS is that its syntax is similar to that of Javascript and therefore its learning curve decreases a lot.

So, let us start.

Install NodeJS on FreeBSD 12

First of all, all the commands we will use require you to be root. So it is a good idea to have sudo enabled and not work directly with the root user.

How to enable sudo on FreeBSD 12?

Now it is also convenient to do a system upgrade. Not only to install security patches but also to refresh the repositories.

:~$ sudo pkg update

The official FreeBSD repositories include NodeJS. So first we’ll search for them.

:~$ sudo pkg search node
bitcoinnodestats-g20171121_1   Basic Bitcoin node status and statistics web application
gstreamer-plugins-annodex-0.10.31_2,3 Gstreamer annodex CMML plugin
kadnode-2.2.5_1                P2P name resolution daemon
leafnode-1.11.11               NNTP package for offline news caching and reading
monodevelop-7.6.11.7_2         IDE for the .NET platform
munin-node-2.0.52              Node-specific part of Munin
node-13.3.0                    V8 JavaScript for client and server
node-thrift-0.11.0             Node.js bindings for the Apache Thrift RPC system
node10-10.17.0                 V8 JavaScript for client and server
node12-12.13.1                 V8 JavaScript for client and server
node8-8.16.2                   V8 JavaScript for client and server (8.x LTS)
node_exporter-0.18.1           Prometheus exporter for machine metrics
npm-node10-6.12.1              Node package manager
npm-node12-6.12.1              Node package manager
npm-node8-6.12.1               Node package manager
p5-Tree-DAG_Node-1.31          Super class for representing nodes in a tree
p5-Tree-Node-0.08_2            Memory-efficient tree nodes in Perl
p5-WebService-Linode-0.29      Perl Interface to the Linode.com API
p5-XML-Node-0.11_1             Perl5 module to extend and simplify XML::Parser
p5-XML-NodeFilter-0.01_1       XML::NodeFilter is an object that know how to "filter out" nodes
py27-certbot-dns-linode-1.0.0  Linode DNS Authenticator plugin for Certbot
py27-nodeenv-1.3.3             Node.js virtual environment builder
py37-certbot-dns-linode-1.0.0  Linode DNS Authenticator plugin for Certbot
py37-nodeenv-1.3.3             Node.js virtual environment builder
yarn-node10-1.19.1             Package manager for node, alternative to npm
yarn-node12-1.19.1             Package manager for node, alternative to npm
yarn-node8-1.19.1              Package manager for node, alternative to npm

As you can see from the screen output, there are several versions of NodeJS in the official repositories. At the time of writing this post, series 12 is the latest LTS and therefore the most reliable option.

So let’s install NodeJS with the following command:

:~$ sudo pkg install node12
Updating FreeBSD repository catalogue...
FreeBSD repository is up to date.
All repositories are up to date.
The following 5 package(s) will be affected (of 0 checked):
New packages to be INSTALLED:
	node12: 12.13.1
	libnghttp2: 1.40.0
	c-ares: 1.15.0_1
	libuv: 1.34.0
	icu: 65.1,1
Number of packages to be installed: 5
The process will require 86 MiB more space.
18 MiB to be downloaded.
Proceed with this action? [y/N]:

Now check the version of NodeJS installed with the following command:

:~$ node --version
v12.13.1

It is now convenient to install NPM.

Again, search for the package NPM.

:~$ sudo pkg search npm
Password:
npm-6.12.1                     Node package manager
npm-node10-6.12.1              Node package manager
npm-node12-6.12.1              Node package manager
npm-node8-6.12.1               Node package manager

As you can see in the image, there are several versions of NPM. Each of them depends on a specific version of NodeJS. Since we have installed NodeJS version 12, then we have to install NPM for that version.

:~$ sudo pkg install npm-node12
Updating FreeBSD repository catalogue...
FreeBSD repository is up to date.
All repositories are up to date.
The following 4 package(s) will be affected (of 0 checked):

New packages to be INSTALLED:
	npm-node12: 6.12.1
	python27: 2.7.17_1
	libffi: 3.2.1_3
	gmake: 4.2.1_3

Number of packages to be installed: 4

The process will require 90 MiB more space.
15 MiB to be downloaded.

Proceed with this action? [y/N]:

And that is it. Now you can use NodeJS without problems.

Conclusion

NodeJS is a rather interesting technology that is becoming increasingly popular in large web projects. So it’s always good to have it in our system. Today you have learned that installing it on FreeBSD 12 is quite simple.

Please share this post with your friends and join our Telegram channel.

The post How to install NodeJS on FreeBSD 12? appeared first on Linux Windows and android Tutorials.