The Google Cloud Platform provides services for building IT infrastructure entirely in the cloud as well as for development, artificial intelligence, analytics, storage, databases, and security. It can therefore be useful to deploy one in your network or learn how to work with it.

So, it is necessary to install the SDK so that we can learn how to work with this tool.

So, let’s go for it.

Install Google Cloud SDK on Ubuntu 20.04

The installation will be done using the terminal so it is recommended that you know how to work with it. So, open one and update the operating system.

sudo apt update
sudo apt upgrade

Then download the SDK for Linux using the wget command.

wget https://dl.google.com/dl/cloudsdk/channels/rapid/downloads/google-cloud-sdk-307.0.0-linux-x86_64.tar.gz

After that, you have to unzip the archive using the tar command.

tar -xvzf google-cloud-sdk-307.0.0-linux-x86_64.tar.gz

This command will generate a folder called google-cloud-sdk that you will need to access

cd google-cloud-sdk

In it, you will find the installer file that you will have to run.

./install.sh

During the execution of the script, you will see some messages. The first one asks you if you want to help Google Cloud development by sending statistics anonymously.

Then, you will see an on-screen output indicating that the components have not been installed and you will be informed how to install them. You will also be asked to confirm the installation.

If all has gone well, then you will see the following screen.

This indicates that the process was OK.

So, enjoy it.

Conclusion

In this post, you have learned how to install Google Cloud SDK on a system like Ubuntu 20.04. This will open the door to using the Google Cloud Platform that you can deploy for your business.

The post How to install Google Cloud SDK on Ubuntu 20.04? appeared first on Linux Windows and android Tutorials.

What is Laravel?

Laravel is one of the easiest open-source frameworks for PHP to assimilate. One of its advantages is that it has a much easier learning curve than other web and application development tools. It was created in 2011 and is heavily influenced by frameworks such as Ruby on Rails, Sinatra, and ASP.NET MVC.

With Laravel, we will have available other tools that together make up the power of Laravel.

• Blade: A powerful template manager where we can manage PHP variables directly in the view.
• Eloquent: Laravel’s database system, for writing and retrieving data. So we don’t have to work directly with SQL code.
• Routing: LAravel has its own routing system that helps us to set up the routing of our pages with GET or POST methods.

Besides this, Laravel is one of the best-documented frameworks that exist and with an active community willing to give support to the newbie.

So, let’s get started.

Install Laravel on Debian 11

Installing the Laravel requisites

First, you need to install PHP and some of its modules and the unzip package.

sudo apt install php php-bcmath php-json php-mbstring php-pdo php-tokenizer php-xml php-pear php-zip php-zip unzip

Install PHP Composer on Debian 11

The installation of laravel can be done without problems using PHP Composer. So we have to install it and keep it up to date.

For that, we invite you to read our post about it:

How to install PHP Composer on Debian 11?

Once it is installed and updated, we can follow the procedures.

Install Laravel on Debian 11

Now with the help of Composer, we have to install Laravel. To do this, run the following command

composer create-project --prefer-dist laravel/laravel [project_name]

Where the last value is where you have to specify the name of your project.

So, Composer will start with downloading and installing all Laravel dependencies. When finished, you will see an output screen like this

This will create a folder with the name of your project that we need to access.

cd example

And there will be all our Laravel working and ready for us to start creating code.

If you want to check how the project is running and also if you want to verify the installation, you can run

php artisan serve

Then open a web browser and go to http://localhost:8000 and you’ll see an image like this

In case Laravel has been installed on a server or another computer over the network, you can specify that it is accessible from another computer.

php artisan serve --host=0.0.0.0.0 --port=1234

This way you can access the computer and with the 1234 port you can change these values to your liking.

Conclusion

During this post, you have learned how to install laravel on Debian 11 so you can start developing cool applications that you can take to production. So, this is a powerful framework that you need to take full advantage of.

The post How to install Laravel on Debian 11? appeared first on Linux Windows and android Tutorials.

What is vnStat?

The best definition of Vnstat can be found on the project’s own website:

vnStat is a console-based network traffic monitor for Linux and BSD that keeps a log of network traffic for the selected interface(s). It uses the network interface statistics provided by the kernel as an information source. This means that vnStat won’t actually be sniffing any traffic and also ensures light use of system resources regardless of network traffic rate.

Therefore this tool is quite well known within the community and among sysadmins. It is quite simple to use and as you will see below it is easy to install.

Install vnStat on Debian 11 / 10

One of the fastest and most immediate ways to install vnStat on Debian 11 / 10 is to install it from the official repositories.

Although this is not the only way to get the program, it is the easiest method for newbies.

So, open a terminal or from an SSH session, install the security patches in the distribution:

sudo apt update
sudo apt upgrade

Next, you can install the vnStat package as follows:

sudo apt install vnstat

After it is installed, start the application service.

sudo systemctl start vnstat

This will complete the installation and you will be able to use it.

Install the latest version of vnStat on Debian 11 / 10

The previous method has a big problem and it is that the version that appears in the official repositories of Debian 11 / 10, is very outdated. So it is advisable to always install the latest version following these steps that I will describe.

First, install the packages needed to do the compilation, as well as some dependencies:

sudo apt install build-essential gcc make libsqlite3-dev

Then download the latest stable version, which at the time of writing this post, is 2.8.

wget https://humdi.net/vnstat/vnstat-2.8.tar.gz

Decompress the downloaded file

tar -xvzf vnstat-2.8.tar.gz

As a result of executing the above command, a folder called vnstat-2.8 will be generated which you will need to access and from there configure the package for compilation:

cd vnstat-2.8
./configure --prefix=/usr --sysconfdir=/etc

Now, compile the package and install it with this pair of commands:

sudo make
sudo make install

If everything went well, you will be able to run the vnstat command and display, for example, the installed version:

vnstat -v

Output:

vnStat 2.8 by Teemu Toivola <tst at iki dot fi>

Using the vnStat command

Before using the tool it is necessary to start the vnStat service. As we have installed it manually, there is no service installed so we have to create it.

Fortunately, to create it we will use the example file that comes with the code we have just compiled.

sudo cp -v examples/systemd/vnstat.service /etc/systemd/system/

Refresh the list of services

sudo systemctl daemon-reload

And now yes, enable it so it can start with the system and start the service

sudo systemctl enable vnstat
sudo systemctl start vnstat

And check the status of the service

sudo systemctl status vnstat
● vnstat.service - vnStat network traffic monitor
     Loaded: loaded (/etc/systemd/system/vnstat.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
     Active: active (running) since Sat 2021-10-02 18:24:27 CEST; 11s ago
       Docs: man:vnstatd(8)
             man:vnstat(1)
             man:vnstat.conf(5)
   Main PID: 5939 (vnstatd)
      Tasks: 1 (limit: 2276)
     Memory: 612.0K
        CPU: 20ms
     CGroup: /system.slice/vnstat.service
             └─5939 /usr/sbin/vnstatd -n

Oct 02 18:24:27 osradar systemd[1]: Started vnStat network traffic monitor.
Oct 02 18:24:27 osradar vnstatd[5939]: Info: vnStat daemon 2.8 started. (pid:5939 uid:0 gid:0 64-bit)
Oct 02 18:24:27 osradar vnstatd[5939]: Info: Monitoring (1): eth0 (1000 Mbit)

After waiting a few minutes, you can start using it.

vnstat

By default, it takes the active interface, but you can change it:

vnstat -i [interface]

When an interface is monitored, a new database with logs is created. You can delete it and reset the statistics.

sudo vnstat -i [interface] --remove --force

In this case, you have to specify the interface to monitor.

Enjoy it.

Conclusion

So now you know how to install and use vnStat on Debian 11 / 10 This command although simple allows you to find answers to the operation of a network interface and to know if the behavior is as expected…

The post Install and use vnStat on Debian 11 / 10 appeared first on Linux Windows and android Tutorials.

Let’s look at some of the most recurring errors by freshmen.

Illegal Type Assignment

Java restricts its users to assign only the same type of variables. On a simpler note, you can not assign an “Integer” type value to a “Double” type variable.

Example

Output

Solution

Replace line 5 of the above program for casting in to double. Test the output in your IDE.

Invalid Return Type

By the rules of the Java language, you can only return the type of variable specified as the return type. A void type method is not capable of returning a String if you try to do so. And hence, you will get a compile-time error.

Example

Output

Solution

Invalid Arguments Type

Let’s say you define a method passing two arguments. This method takes two integers to find their sum. Now if you try to pass two floating points in place of two integers, java will give you a compile-time error.

Example

Output

Solution

Null Pointer Exceptions

These are most redundant and tricky to handle as a novice. However, there’s no rocket science behind it if you take care of some fundamentals. A null pointer exception arises when you try to access a resource whose value is null and not initialized to a concrete value. Majorly, the null pointer is used to allocate a unique reference to a resource. If you do not have such a requirement then make sure all values are initialized properly before accessing them.

Example 1

Output 1

Solution 1

Example 2

Output 2

Solution 2

Another advanced way to resolve un-checked exceptions like null pointer exceptions is the exception handling mechanism in Java. Feel free to check out java exceptions examples for a more profound understanding.

Syntax Errors

Anything that does not comply with the Java language rules is categorized as a syntax error.
From beginners to experts, we all are guilty of it at some point. If you have just started working in Java, you must comprehend what I’m talking about. The analogy of syntax rules can be grammatical rules in the English language. The syntax is defined to maintain the standards across the board. Not following naming conventions, misplaced semicolons, un-balanced parenthesis, and misspelled method names, etc are some of the typical syntax errors.

Example

Output

Solution

Conclusion

By this point, you must be aware of the most recurring java errors of beginners. It’s okay to have loads of errors when you start learning. The key is not to get afraid of them, and rather keep improving yourself. Till then, keep growing! 🙂

The post Top 5 Java Errors with Solutions appeared first on Linux Windows and android Tutorials.

We already know that Debian 11 is a multipurpose operating system so it is not only used on servers but also on the desktop. Especially for users who need stability to develop their work on it. This is the case for many developers who see Debian as an ideal system with no surprises for their work.

So, on Linux, we are fortunate to have many different applications available. We can even install applications created by Microsoft (!) But we have to admit that Visual Studio Code is a great application and every day it is used by more and more developers.

With this powerful text editor, you can create your code and it has features similar to an IDE. It includes debugging support, integrated Git control, syntax highlighting, smart code completion, code snippets, and code refactoring. In addition to this, the editor is customizable and users can change the appearance and global settings.

But not only this, it supports a lot of extensions that make Visual Studio Code have incredible functionalities. Some of them add support for many other programming languages like C++ or YML.

So, let’s install Visual Studio Code on Debian 11

Install Visual Studio Code on Debian 11

Although this is a quite popular application, it is not in the official Debian 11 repositories. But is not a problem to install it because Microsoft provides us with a special DEB package for Debian.

So, you can download it either from the terminal or from the graphical interface.

Open your favorite web browser, and go to the Visual Studio Code download section.

Now download the Debian DEB package.

Then, open your file browser and navigate to the download folder.

Now double click on the package to install it.

Or, install it using the terminal

cd Downloads
sudo apt install ./code*.deb

Following whichever procedure you choose, now you just need to run it from the main menu.

As a repository is also added, you can then keep the application up to date from the system update manager.

Enjoy it.

Remove Visual Studio Code

If you no longer wish to use the program then it is best to uninstall it. To do so, just run this command in the terminal

sudo apt remove code

This way there will be no trace of the application on your system.

Conclusion

Visual Studio Code is one of the best text editors out there. Widely used by many developers it has become indispensable for many of them. This is due to its ease of use and the features it offers that make coding easier. What’s more, there are plugins of many types to help with the process.

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What is Rust?

Rust is a programming language that was born to allow you to write code as fast as C or C++, eliminating the drawbacks with the garbage collector to avoid the problems arising from memory management. This was all thanks to Mozilla, but it has worked so well that many people are using it for many programs.

Currently, Rust is funded by large entities such as Amazon AWS, Microsoft Azure, Google Cloud, Facebook, and, since its inception, Mozilla Firefox. But it is also supported by a large community of users who share their experiences and help those new to the language.

As we know, Rust is quite fast, supports object-oriented programming, and is multi-purpose. So all in all it is an important programming language in our time.

So, let’s go for it.

Install Rust on Debian 11

From the Rust website, we are informed of a very simple installation procedure. This is due to the presence of an installation script that makes everything very easy.

So to start the process, you have to upgrade the operating system completely.

sudo apt update
sudo apt upgrade

The download of this script will be done using curl so it has to be installed on the system.

sudo apt install curl

If you do not have the build-essential package installed, you need to do so.

sudo apt install build-essential

Now all you have to do is run the following command:

curl --proto '=https' --tlsv1.2 -sSf https://sh.rustup.rs | sh

During the installation process, you will be asked how the installation will be performed. In this case, it is wise to choose option 1 which will install Rust with the default configuration.

When the process finishes, you will be prompted to run a command to update the system environment variables. This will allow us to use Rust commands from any location in the terminal.

source $HOME/.cargo/env

And you can also check the compiler version.

rustc --version
rustc 1.54.0 (a178d0322 2021-07-26)

Testing the Rust installation

When we install Rust, we also install cargo which is the Rust package manager and provides us with the command line tools to create our project without any problems.

So, we create our project by executing the following command

cargo new [project-name]

For example

cargo new osradar
     Created binary (application) `osradar` package

This will create a new folder called osradar which will have a file called Cargo.toml where you can specify your project dependencies and manifest. Also, there will be a folder called src where the source code for the application will be. This folder comes with a file called main.rs which is the main file where we will start our coding.

Now access the folder and run the Hello World that comes with the cargo new command.

cd osradar
cargo run

Output:

    Finished dev [unoptimized + debuginfo] target(s) in 0.00s
     Running `target/debug/osradar`
Hello, world!

So, Rust is installed correctly.

Conclusion

Rust is a modern programming language that presents an alternative to C++ and can be used in many places and for many things. Installing it on Debian 11 is something we can do without much difficulty as we have explained.

The post Install Rust Programming Language on Debian 11 appeared first on Linux Windows and android Tutorials.

Introducing to Opera Web Browser

What Opera always boasts about is being a modern web browser. This is because with Opera we can gain integration with social networks like Facebook and Instagram but also with Whatsapp.

Some of the main features of Opera are:

• Integrated AdBlocker so that pages can load better.
• Opera has a VPN that will help you to be anonymous on the Internet and improve your security.
• Chat and surf at the same time with built-in messengers on the side of your browser.
• The browser supports themes, keyboard shortcuts, and your favorite bookmarks from one place. Also, Opera features cross-device synchronization so you can use it from anywhere.

In addition to this, Opera is based on a browsing engine similar to Chrome, so the speed of loading websites is guaranteed.

So, let’s get started.

Install Opera Web Browser on Debian 11

Opera is not available from the official Debian repositories as it is not open-source software. But it is possible to install it with the package provided from the project website.

So, go to the Opera website.

Then, click on Download and it will automatically recognize the operating system and present the DEB package.

Then, we can install it by opening the file browser and double-clicking on the downloaded file.

Also, we can do the process via the terminal which is faster. Open a terminal and access the folder where Opera has been downloaded which is usually Downloads.

cd Downloads

Now install Opera

sudo apt install ./opera*

This way it will install without problems. Also during the installation, you will be asked if you want to receive Opera updates along with the system. That is, you are asked if you want to add the Opera repository to the system. Answer Y.

Now run it from the main menu and it will start.

So, enjoy it

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Go is an open-source (BSD license) programming language that was born with the objective of allowing the creation of efficient and easily distributable applications. So, it has binaries for Windows, Mac OS and of course, for Linux.

So, in this post, I will install it and create a “Hello World” file for the test.

Download and install Go Language on Debian 11 /10

Go Language is cross-platform which makes it available for Linux. However, first you have to download the binaries from the project website. But we will use the terminal that is faster and more efficient.

First, make sure you have wget installed on your computer.

:~$ sudo apt install wget

Then proceed to download Go Language. At the time of writing this post, the latest stable version is 1.17

:~$ wget -c https://golang.org/dl/go1.17.linux-amd64.tar.gz -O go.tar.gz

Then, decompress it.

:~$ tar xvf go.tar.gz

Now you have to change the folder permissions. Besides moving it to another location like /usr/local/.

:~$ sudo chown -R root:root go
:~$ sudo mv go /usr/local

Then, it is necessary to make some modifications to the user’s bash profile in order to use Go. Open the configuration file and add the following:

:~$ sudo nano ~/.profile

export GOROOT=/usr/local/go    
export GOPATH=$HOME/work/
export PATH=$GOPATH/bin:$GOROOT/bin:$PATH

Save the changes (CTRL + O) and close the file (CTRL + X).

With this, Go is ready for work. You can check it by showing the version of the program.

:~$ go version

Now with a “hello world” we’ll see that everything works.

Testing the installation

As I said before, the best way to test the installation is to run a real code. For this, we will use the typical “Hello World”.

First, we’ll create the directory structure. In our Home, we will create a folder for the project called work. Inside a folder called src where the source code files will go. In it, a folder called hello and inside the file hello.go. Something like this is the directory structure. The folders work and hello can be called differently.

:~$ mkdir -p $HOME/work/src/hello

Now, create the Go file and add the following:

:~$ nano ~/work/src/hello/hello.go

package main 
 import "fmt"
 func main() {
 fmt.Printf("hello, world\n")
 }

Again, save the changes and close the file.

:~$ go build hello
:~$ go install hello
:~$ hello

So, enjoy it.

Conclusion

GO is a very popular language and every day it is more and more popular. It’s simple but very powerful, besides being open source. As you have seen, its installation is really simple.

The post How to install Go Language on Debian 11 / 10? appeared first on Linux Windows and android Tutorials.

So, Git?

If you are starting to develop applications you may not know that Git is a free, open-source version control system and that it is perhaps the best. Many developers rely on it to control the versions of their applications. By versions, we mean those in development.

Using Git you can control and separate development in each of those development branches. So the changes of one do not affect the others.

Read Introduction to the Git branches.

In this way, it is good practice to develop applications using a version control system as support.

Install Git on Debian 11 / 10

Debian 10 is one of the few distributions that have such complete package repositories. So, presumably, there is some Git in the official repositories.

However, it is also a good idea, to know how to install Git differently in case we need it. This way is compiling the source code of Git and get the latest stable version. In this tutorial, I will teach you how to do it both ways.

1) Using the official repository on Debian 11 / 10

Debian 11 / 10 include Git in the official repositories. Using this option, the installation is quite easy, and just open a terminal session and run the following command:

:~$ sudo apt install git

Or, if you do not have sudo, please read How to enable sudo on Debian 11/10?

Then, you can check the installed version.

:~$ git --version
git version 2.30.2

Now, you can use it.

2) Building the Git source code

Compiling the Git source code is the best way to get the latest version. All this in a safe way because it will not be compiled by third parties.

The process is simple but requires a few extra steps. So let us get started.

First, install the necessary programs to make the compilation:

:~$ sudo apt install build-essential make libssl-dev libghc-zlib-dev libcurl4-gnutls-dev libexpat1-dev gettext unzip

Now, we can download the source code.

:~$ cd /tmp/
:~$ wget https://mirrors.edge.kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/git-2.33.0.tar.gz

Next, decompress it and access to the folder.

:~$ tar xvfz git-2.33.0.tar.gz
:~$ cd git-2.33.0

Now, you can start the compilation by running the following commands:

:~$ sudo make prefix=/usr/local all
:~$ sudo make prefix=/usr/local install

Next, check the installed version.

:~$ git --version

And that is it. You can start to use Git.

Conclusion

Git is one of those applications that every developer must be able to manage to improve their workflow. Therefore, it is important to install it in Debian 10 and two ways have been shown to achieve this. One of them is using the package available in the official repositories and the other is compiling the source code.

Please share this post and join our Telegram channel.

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Tele…what?

In the first place, What is Telegram? Well, Telegram is a messaging app with a focus on speed and security, it’s super-fast, simple and free. You can use Telegram on all your devices at the same time. In short, your messages sync seamlessly across any number of your phones, tablets or computers.

Some of the most powerful features that differentiate it from WhatsApp are the following:

• Telegram groups can have up to 100,000 members. It supports replies, mentions, and hashtags that help maintain order and keep communication in large communities efficient.
• If you want secrecy, try our device-specific Secret Chats with self-destructing messages, photos, and videos.
• Telegram has bots. Bots are like small programs that run right inside Telegram. They are very useful to extends Telegram functionality.
• The Telegram API is accessible. This allows anyone to develop an unofficial client. Don’t worry, security is something Telegram takes seriously.

There are many characteristics that make Telegram a perfect application. In my case, in particular, I have noticed that it is much faster and safer than WhatsApp.

Let’s install Telegram

If you want to install Telegram in any Linux distribution, I must tell you that it is something very simple. Telegram does take into account Linux users, creating an official client on a par with Windows and Mac OS. Already that speaks very well of it.

In the first place, you need to go to the official Telegram website.

Then, download the client for Linux.

When the download is complete, decompress the file. Next, open your file browser and you will see two files.

Then, assign execution permissions to the Telegram file. Right-click on it and go to Properties.

Now, you can open it. Double-click on it.

Click on Start Messaging button to add your phone number.

Then, Telegram will send you a code via SMS. When you type it, the application will start and you will use it without any problem.

And that’s it.

Conclusion

Telegram is much better than WhatsApp not only because of its features but also because its desktop customers are very good. Installing these desktop clients is simple and very useful.

Recently we talked about Franz an application to have several messaging accounts on the desktop. You might be interested so here’s the link.

Please share this article through your social networks.

The post How to install Telegram desktop on Debian 11 | And any Linux distribution? appeared first on Linux Windows and android Tutorials.