So, Git?

If you are starting to develop applications you may not know that Git is a free, open-source version control system and that it is perhaps the best. Many developers rely on it to control the versions of their applications. By versions, we mean those in development.

Using Git you can control and separate development in each of those development branches. So the changes of one do not affect the others.

Read Introduction to the Git branches.

In this way, it is good practice to develop applications using a version control system as support.

Install Git on Debian 11 / 10

Debian 10 is one of the few distributions that have such complete package repositories. So, presumably, there is some Git in the official repositories.

However, it is also a good idea, to know how to install Git differently in case we need it. This way is compiling the source code of Git and get the latest stable version. In this tutorial, I will teach you how to do it both ways.

1) Using the official repository on Debian 11 / 10

Debian 11 / 10 include Git in the official repositories. Using this option, the installation is quite easy, and just open a terminal session and run the following command:

:~$ sudo apt install git

Or, if you do not have sudo, please read How to enable sudo on Debian 11/10?

Then, you can check the installed version.

:~$ git --version
git version 2.30.2

Now, you can use it.

2) Building the Git source code

Compiling the Git source code is the best way to get the latest version. All this in a safe way because it will not be compiled by third parties.

The process is simple but requires a few extra steps. So let us get started.

First, install the necessary programs to make the compilation:

:~$ sudo apt install build-essential make libssl-dev libghc-zlib-dev libcurl4-gnutls-dev libexpat1-dev gettext unzip

Now, we can download the source code.

:~$ cd /tmp/
:~$ wget https://mirrors.edge.kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/git-2.33.0.tar.gz

Next, decompress it and access to the folder.

:~$ tar xvfz git-2.33.0.tar.gz
:~$ cd git-2.33.0

Now, you can start the compilation by running the following commands:

:~$ sudo make prefix=/usr/local all
:~$ sudo make prefix=/usr/local install

Next, check the installed version.

:~$ git --version

And that is it. You can start to use Git.

Conclusion

Git is one of those applications that every developer must be able to manage to improve their workflow. Therefore, it is important to install it in Debian 10 and two ways have been shown to achieve this. One of them is using the package available in the official repositories and the other is compiling the source code.

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Tele…what?

In the first place, What is Telegram? Well, Telegram is a messaging app with a focus on speed and security, it’s super-fast, simple and free. You can use Telegram on all your devices at the same time. In short, your messages sync seamlessly across any number of your phones, tablets or computers.

Some of the most powerful features that differentiate it from WhatsApp are the following:

• Telegram groups can have up to 100,000 members. It supports replies, mentions, and hashtags that help maintain order and keep communication in large communities efficient.
• If you want secrecy, try our device-specific Secret Chats with self-destructing messages, photos, and videos.
• Telegram has bots. Bots are like small programs that run right inside Telegram. They are very useful to extends Telegram functionality.
• The Telegram API is accessible. This allows anyone to develop an unofficial client. Don’t worry, security is something Telegram takes seriously.

There are many characteristics that make Telegram a perfect application. In my case, in particular, I have noticed that it is much faster and safer than WhatsApp.

Let’s install Telegram

If you want to install Telegram in any Linux distribution, I must tell you that it is something very simple. Telegram does take into account Linux users, creating an official client on a par with Windows and Mac OS. Already that speaks very well of it.

In the first place, you need to go to the official Telegram website.

Then, download the client for Linux.

When the download is complete, decompress the file. Next, open your file browser and you will see two files.

Then, assign execution permissions to the Telegram file. Right-click on it and go to Properties.

Now, you can open it. Double-click on it.

Click on Start Messaging button to add your phone number.

Then, Telegram will send you a code via SMS. When you type it, the application will start and you will use it without any problem.

And that’s it.

Conclusion

Telegram is much better than WhatsApp not only because of its features but also because its desktop customers are very good. Installing these desktop clients is simple and very useful.

Recently we talked about Franz an application to have several messaging accounts on the desktop. You might be interested so here’s the link.

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So, LibreOffice is one of the jewels of open source. We are talking about a complete office suite capable of resulting in a free, cross-platform solution available to everyone. Therefore, it already comes installed in many Linux distributions but these do not include an updated version.

Install LibreOffice 7.1 on Ubuntu 20.04 / Linux Mint 20

There are several methods to install LibreOffice 7.1 on Ubuntu 20.04 or Linux Mint 20. However, I will show you the two easiest to do, and that allows you to easily keep it updated.

Installing LibreOffice 7.1 using PPA

The LibreOffice development team provides us with a dedicated PPA for LibreOffice 7.1. This repository is compatible with Ubuntu 20.04 as it could not be otherwise. So let’s use it.

So, open a terminal and run the following command:

:~$ sudo add-apt-repository ppa:libreoffice/ppa
In general, users are advised to take a look at the changelog for the details about a package. If there is a specific bug that is intended to be addressed by an update released into the PPA, you are encouraged to test, if the update solves that problem. Packages published after the distro release are mostly such specific fixes. Critical fixes will be SRUed into the main repositories after testing anyway (later, with more testing).

To return to the LibreOffice version from the main archive, use ppa-purge. see: http://www.webupd8.org/2009/12/remove-ppa-repositories-via-command.html for details
 More info: https://launchpad.net/~libreoffice/+archive/ubuntu/ppa
Press Enter to continue or Ctrl+C to cancel

Executing: /tmp/apt-key-gpghome.VVwU2zyIO1/gpg.1.sh --keyserver hkps://keyserver.ubuntu.com:443 --recv-keys 36E81C9267FD1383FCC4490983FBA1751378B444
gpg: key 83FBA1751378B444: public key "Launchpad PPA for LibreOffice Packaging" imported
gpg: Total number processed: 1

:~$ sudo apt-get update

And then, if you already have LibreOffice installed, upgrade your system:

:~$ sudo apt upgrade

Or:

:~$ sudo apt full-upgrade

It’s that simple. Next, launch it from the main menu.

Installing LibreOffice 7.1 with Flatpak

If we read the description of the previous repository we will notice that it will only provide updates to the 7.1 branch

To avoid this, it is possible to use Flatpak. As we know, Flatpak is a technology that allows us to create self-contained and secure packages for any Linux distribution.

The Flatpak package of LibreOffice is hosted in Flathub and they give us the instructions to install it.

So, install Flatpak in case you don’t have it installed:

:~$ sudo apt install flatpak

Then, install LibreOffice 7.1 with the following command:

:~$ flatpak install flathub org.libreoffice.LibreOffice

When the download is finished you can run it from the main menu. Or by executing the following command:

:~$ flatpak run org.libreoffice.LibreOffice

So, enjoy it.

Conclusion

LibreOffice 7.1 is available for download. In this post, you’ve learned what to do to get it right now on your Ubuntu 20.04. But this tutorial works for Linux Mint 20 and all distributions that are based on Ubuntu 20.04.

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Go is a programming language created in 2007 by Google. It was initially intended to be an internal coding standard for the company’s own infrastructure, but its potential prompted it to go on the air. Go is a concurrent and compiled programming language inspired by C syntax. It has been developed by Google, and its initial designers are Robert Griesemer, Rob Pike and Ken Thompson. It is cross-platform because it has binaries for Windows, Linux, macOS, and FreeBSD.

Some of its features are:

• Go uses a syntax similar to C.
• In teh same way, Go uses statically typed and is as efficient as C.
• Go has many of the features and ease of dynamic languages like Python.
• Although it is a language designed for system programming, it provides a garbage collector, reflection and other high-level capabilities that make it a very powerful language.

Therefore we are talking about a robust, technical and efficient language. So, let us install Go language on CentOS 8.

Install GO language on Rocky Linux 8 / CentOS 8 / Fedora 34

First you have to update the system. This is always recommended for security reasons.

So open a terminal session and run the following:

:~$ su
:~# dnf update

By having the system updated, you will have the latest security patches available and your system will be more robust.

Then you have to download the corresponding binaries for our system. For this we will use a tool called wget, if you don’t have it installed, you will have to do it.

:~# dnf install wget
:~# wget https://dl.google.com/go/go1.13.1.linux-amd64.tar.gz

Versions may change over time. So check in the download section which is the latest stable version and modify the command.

Now we will have to unzip it and move it to an installation folder. In my case, I will do it in /usr/local and unzip the file there.

:~# dnf install tar
:~# tar -zxvf go1.13.1.linux-amd64.tar.gz -C /usr/local

It is now the turn to maintain the environment variables. All this so that the installation does not have problems finding the command and the compiler.

:~# echo 'export GOROOT=/usr/local/go' | tee -a /etc/profile
:~# echo 'export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/go/bin' | tee -a /etc/profile

Finally, refresh your bash profile.

:~# source /etc/profile

Now let’s test the installation. To do this we will create the typical Hello World program. First create the folders:

:~# mkdir -p project/helloworld
:~# cd project/helloworld

Then, create the new file and add the following:

:~# nano helloworld.go

package main
import "fmt"
func main() {
    fmt.Printf("Hi, I am Angelo. Welcome to osradar.com\n")
}

Then, save the changes and close the file.

Now, run the program:

:~# go run helloworld.go

Yeah, everything’s fine and working. Now you can start creating great apps with Go.

Conclusion

Go is a versatile and very efficient modern programming language sponsored by Google. This makes it quite robust with a solid community behind it. Today you have learned to install it on CentOS 8 and RHEL 8.

So, please share this post with your friends and join our Telegram channel.

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Install PostgreSQL 13 on CentOS 8 / RHEL 8 / Oracle Linux 8

Both RHEL 8 and its derivatives include PostgreSQL 10 in their repositories. However, we already have available version 13. And it is recommended to install it because thanks to it, we can enjoy interesting news and improvements in the performance of the application. Important, if we are going to store large quantities of records.

So first, open a terminal session. Or if you are using a server connect to it using ssh.

:~$ ssh [your-user]@[your-host]

Then log in as the root user.

:~$ su
:~#

The best way to install PostgreSQL 13 on CentOS 8, RHEL 8 and Oracle Linux 8 is to add the official PostgreSQL refill. Not only is it easy, but also safe and the possibility to be always up to date.

To do this, run the following command:

:~# dnf install https://download.postgresql.org/pub/repos/yum/reporpms/EL-8-x86_64/pgdg-redhat-repo-latest.noarch.rpm

Then, disable the PostgreSQL module on CentOS 8.

:~# dnf module disable postgresql

Now, install PostgreSQL 13 on CentOS 8.

:~# dnf install postgresql13-server postgresql13

After that, let us configure it.

Configure PostgreSQL on CentOS / RHEL 8 / Oracle Linux 8

Initialize PostgreSQL database and start the service

After installing it, the first thing to do is to initialize the database. To achieve this, it is necessary to execute the following command:

:~# /usr/pgsql-13/bin/postgresql-13-setup initdb
Initializing database ... OK

With this, we will have already started the initial database. At this point, the PostgreSQL service is not enable, so you can’t use it yet. Then you have to do it.

:~# systemctl enable postgresql-13

Then, if you want PostgreSQL to start along with the system run this command:

:~# systemctl start postgresql-13

To check that everything is going well, check the status of the service:

:~# systemctl status postgresql-13

As you can see, everything’s fine.

Change the password to the “postgres” user and allow the remote connections

During the installation of PostgreSQL, a new user called postgres is created. The problem is that you do not define a password, so it makes you vulnerable. To avoid problems, it is convenient to create a password.

To do this, just use the Unix passwd command.

:~# passwd postgres

There you will have to enter the password twice. If both are effective, the final change will be made.

Now, we have to allow access to remote connections. The client must be installed on each of the systems that will access PostgreSQL. It will depend on each operating system.

Then, a good security measure is to specify the hosts that can access it. Of course, if the data will be served on the Internet, then it is necessary to allow all the accesses.

:~# nano /var/lib/pgsql/13/data/postgresql.conf

then searches for the listen_addresses line and places the hosts that can access it. If you allow any access, type ‘*’.

listen_addresses = '[host/IP_adress]'
or
listen_addresses = '*'

Then, restart PostgreSQL.

:~# systemctl restart postgresql-13

Finally, you have to open the port 5432 on the firewall to allow the connections.

:~# firewall-cmd --add-port=5432/tcp --permanent
success
:~# firewall-cmd --reload
success

Now, you can access to the PostgreSQL shell.

:~# su - postgres
:~# psql

Now, you can start to work.

Conclusion

PostgreSQL is one of the best there is for databases. Thanks to its community spirit, it is possible to find a lot of documentation about it. On the other hand, installing version 13 on CentOS 8, RHEL 8 and Oracle Linux 8 is quite simple as you have seen in this post.

Also, you can read how to install Postgresql on Ubuntu 18.04?

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The post How to install PostgreSQL 13 on CentOS 8 / RHEL 8 / Oracle Linux 8? appeared first on Linux Windows and android Tutorials.

PostgreSQL 13 is the latest stable version of what is perhaps the most advanced open-source relational database manager. So many sysadmin need to have it on the different servers.

If you want to know all the news or at least the most important ones, you can read this post

PostgreSQL 13 is available

Well, PostgreSQL 13 comes with many important improvements and it’s a good time to install it. That’s what this post is about.

So let’s go for it.

Install PostgreSQL 13 on Debian

PostgreSQL is included in the official Debian repositories, but not in version 13 but in version 11.

The installation of PostgreSQL 13 is possible thanks to the repository it has for APT package managers that is used by Debian, Ubuntu, Linux Mint and derivatives.

So let’s start.

First, open a terminal session or connect to your server using SSH. Then, install some necessary packages:

:~$ sudo apt install gnupg gnupg2

At the end, the PostgreSQL 13 repository should be added to the list of Debian software sources. To do this, create the following file:

:~$ sudo nano /etc/apt/sources.list.d/pgdg.list

And in it he adds the following:

deb http://apt.postgresql.org/pub/repos/apt/ buster-pgdg main

Then save the changes by pressing CTRL + O and close the file by pressing CTRL + X.

For the repository to be accepted by the system, you need to add the gpg key to it. To do this, use the following command:

:~$ wget --quiet -O - https://www.postgresql.org/media/keys/ACCC4CF8.asc | sudo apt-key add -
OK

Once the process has been completed, simply update the APT cache.

:~$ sudo apt update

You can now view all the packages related to PostgreSQL 13 by typing

:~$ sudo apt install postgresql-13

But don’t press enter, just press the TAB key and you’ll see the following:

As you can see in the image, we have PostgreSQL 13 available. So to install it run the following command:

:~$ sudo apt install postgresql-13
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree 
Reading state information... Done
The following additional packages will be installed:
libgdbm-compat4 libjson-perl libllvm7 libperl5.28 libpq5 libxslt1.1 perl pgdg-keyring postgresql-client-13 postgresql-client-common postgresql-common ssl-cert
Suggested packages:
perl-doc libterm-readline-gnu-perl | libterm-readline-perl-perl make libb-debug-perl liblocale-codes-perl postgresql-doc-13 openssl-blacklist
Recommended packages:
libjson-xs-perl sysstat
The following NEW packages will be installed:
libgdbm-compat4 libjson-perl libllvm7 libperl5.28 libpq5 libxslt1.1 perl pgdg-keyring postgresql-13 postgresql-client-13 postgresql-client-common postgresql-common
ssl-cert
0 upgraded, 13 newly installed, 0 to remove and 10 not upgraded.
Need to get 34.5 MB of archives.
After this operation, 145 MB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n]

Now we’ll see if everything went well.

Testing the installation

By default, Debian when installing PostgreSQL starts and enables the service. Therefore, it is ready to be tested. However, if you want to stop the service, you can use this command:

:~$ sudo systemctl stop postgresql

On the other hand, the best way to know if PostgreSQL is ready for work is to execute some command from the console. So we’ll access it first:

:~$ sudo -i -u postgres

Remember that the PostgreSQL console is accessed through the postgres user.

And finally, we access with this command:

:~# psql

Once inside, we can, for example, display all the databases in the system:

:~# \l

And so we can work without problems with PostgreSQL.

Conclusion

PostgreSQL 13 is a powerful database manager that is used in many projects worldwide. This makes many people want to have the latest stable versions to take even more advantage of the tool.

Please share this post and join our Telegram channel.

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Fedora 34 is a distribution sponsored by RHEL which makes it inherit several of its security policies. Of course Fedora 34 is oriented to the average Linux user, so no major security policies are required. However, it is one of the most secure Linux distributions out there. So it is very common to see that there are Linux developers who choose it for their web projects. This is where Nginx becomes almost indispensable.

About Nginx we have talked a lot on our website, however, I will briefly explain that it is an open source web server. Its main advantage over Apache is that it is very lightweight and response times to large requests are very low. That is, it is ideal if you are going to handle a lot of simulated connections. Or yes, the web application is complex and requires many requests to the server. In any case, we are in the presence of a fantastic web server. So, let us get Nginx on Fedora 34.

Install Nginx on Fedora 34

First of all, you need to know the name of the particular package. To do this, we’ll use dnf to get it. So, open a terminal and run:

:~$ sudo dnf search nginx

As you can see in the image, there are several packages related to nginx in the Fedora 34 repositories. However, we need to install the nginx package.

:~$ sudo dnf install nginx

After confirm the process, the download and installation will begin.

Then, when the installation is finished, we must start the Nginx service in order for it to work. To do this, type the following command:

:~$ sudo systemctl start nginx

Also, if you want nginx to start with the system, run this command:

:~$ sudo systemctl enable nginx

Next, open your favorite web browser and go to http://localhost and you will see this.

So, that is it.

Conclusion

Installing Nginx is very simple but it is good to keep it in mind especially if you are new to this Linux distribution. Nginx is very powerful and makes many websites agile to the many requests made to it.

Tell us, do you like Nginx? did you find the post useful?

Please share this post with your friends.

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What is the LAMP stack?

The LAMP stack is the union of several application components that allow to have a functional web server. With LAMP it is possible to develop and deploy web applications created in PHP.

Installing the LAMP stack on Fedora 34

(L)inux

The first component is Linux. In this case, we are using Fedora as the Linux distribution. Fedora is quite stable for these purposes, but it also serves to host applications as if it were a server.

(A)pache

The second component is the HTTP server. The easiest server to use and also one of the most popular is HTTPD which is the Apache project server. Fortunately, it is found in the official repositories of the distribution, which facilitates the installation.

To do this, open a terminal and execute the following command:

:~$ sudo dnf install httpd

Before you can use the server, you must initialize the service. In other words, you have to start it. To do this, we use systemd to do it.

:~$ sudo systemctl start httpd

If you want the service to start along with the system, then run this command:

:~$ sudo systemctl enable httpd

Now each time the system is started, httpd will be started.

However, Fedora values security very much and will not allow httpd to run if port 80 and 443 are not opened in the firewall. So let’s do it.

$ sudo firewall-cmd zone=public add-service=http permanent
success
$ sudo firewall-cmd reload
success

Now, open your web browser and go to http://your-server or http://localhost depending on where you are installing LAMP. You willl see the following:

That means Apache is functioning perfectly.

Installing LAMP stack on Fedora 34 – (P)hp

Now for web applications to run smoothly, you need to install PHP. PHP is one of the most popular languages for web programming. In fact, the vast majority of web applications are created with PHP. To install it along with its main modules, you have to execute the following command:

:~$ sudo dnf install php php-common php-pecl-apcu php-cli php-pear php-pdo php-mysqlnd php-pgsql php-gd php-mbstring php-xml

Now you have to test that PHP works properly, so you have to create a file with some php code and see if you run it.

:~$ sudo nano /var/www/html/test.php

And add the following:

<?php
phpinfo();
?>

If you do not have nano installed, it is better to do it with the following command:

:~$ sudo dnf install nano

For all this to work, you have to restart the server:

:~$ sudo systemctl restart httpd

And then, open it from the web browser. http://your-server/test.php or http://localhost/test.php

This means that PHP and Apache are working correctly.

Installing LAMP stack on Fedora 34 – (M)ariaDB

MariaDB is a MySQL fork. Therefore, we are in the presence of a relational database management system. It is included in most existing Linux distributions. Also, it is perfectly compatible with MySQL and its commands as well as its engines. It is the last component of LAMP.

Keep in mind that MariaDB is used to store the data that applications require as they are being used. That is to say, no transactional system should be executed without a database manager. So it is vital to install it.

To do this, run the following command:

:~$ sudo dnf install mariadb-server

Then, at the end of the installation, start the service as with Httpd.

:~$ sudo systemctl start mariadb

And if you want it to run at system startup, just run this command:

:~$ sudo systemctl enable mariadb

Now, you have to secure the installation with the mysql_secure_installation script. With this script you will be able to define a root password and other small configurations.

:~$ sudo mysql_secure_installation

After defining the root password you will be asked other configuration questions. I answered yes to everything.

Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] Y 
Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] Y
Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] Y
Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] y

Now, you have the LAMP stack installed in Fedora 34 without problems.

Conclusion

The LAMP stack is a set of vital applications to have a basic and functional web server. It is the basis for most web applications. And it is necessary for the development of applications and to serve them. Each one of the elements of the stack can be installed without problems but its administration would give for many articles. Anyway today you have learned to deploy it in its basic form.

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As time goes by, the versions of the programs that come in the repositories of the Linux distributions become old. Similarly, program developers often release new versions with new features or bug fixes and we miss them.

Git is a program with quite active development and that requires to be always updated to have news and security fixes. So it is better to do it. And the best way to do it is to compile the source code of the application yourself.

Let us get started.

Installing the latest version of GIT on Fedora 34/33?

A great way to get the latest stable version of any open source program is to compile the source code. Don’t be frightened by the word compile, in fact it’s pretty easy to do.

Open a terminal session and install the necessary libraries to compile GIT. Some are SSL, CURL, ZLIB and others.

:~$ sudo dnf install curl-devel expat-devel gettext-devel openssl-devel zlib-devel

In a normal Fedora 33 installation the basic compiling tools are not incorporated. These tools are necessary to comply with our tutorial. To install them, run the following command:

:~$ sudo dnf groupinstall "Development Tools"

We will now proceed to download the GIT source code using wget. So make sure you have it installed:

:~$ sudo dnf install wget

And then download the GIT source code. At the time of this tutorial, the most recent version is 2.31.1. But surely in the future, it will change.

:~$ wget https://mirrors.edge.kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/git-2.31.1.tar.gz

Then, unzip the file using tar.

:~$ tar -zxf git-2.31.1.tar.gz

A folder named git-2.31.1 will be created. Access it and start the process.

:~$ cd git-2.31.1
:~$ make prefix=/usr/local all

Finally, install it.

:~$ sudo make prefix=/usr/local install

So, that is it. Just use GIT and check the installed version.

:~$ git --version
git version 2.31.1

Conclusion

GIT is a basic application for a developer and getting the latest stable version is a great help to enjoy this tool to the fullest. Let’s think that this trial will become more valid when recent versions start to come out and the version of the official repositories becomes obsolete.

The post How to install the latest version of GIT on Fedora 34 / 33? appeared first on Linux Windows and android Tutorials.

It is not necessary talk much about PostgreSQL. However, very briefly I will explain you what it is. It is a SQL database manager, open source and well known by application developers. Mainly because it has a considerably superior performance to others like MariaDB or MySQL. So we will have enterprise power in a community program. Sounds good, no?

PostgreSQL has an updated repository for Fedora. However, due to the recent release of Fedora 34, version 11 is available. So in this sense we will have no problems.

Install PostgreSQL on Fedora 34

While PostgreSQL is an application, it has many additional libraries to extend its functionality. Or, to make it work with other programming languages such as Java, Python, C++ or PHP. In addition, we can have access to other libraries of the program for development.

So, first of all, I am going to use DNF the Fedora package manager to look for all PostgreSQL related packages.

:~$ sudo dnf search postgresql

As you can see, there are many packages related to PostgreSQL. But as I said before, they refer to libraries needed to extend the functionality.

Now, let’s install it.

:~$ sudo dnf install postgresql-server

Then you have to prepare PostgreSQL for the first use. So, we have to init the database and then, start the service. After that, test it.

:~$ sudo /usr/bin/postgresql-setup --initdb

Next, enable and start the service.

:~$ sudo systemctl enable postgresql
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/postgresql.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/postgresql.service.
:~$ sudo systemctl start postgresql

Now, test the installation.

:~$ sudo su - postgres

And access to the PostgreSQL console.

:~$ psql

Then, list all databases.

:~$ \l

So, PostgreSQL is correctly installed.

Conclusion

PostgreSQL is a great database manager and today you have learned how to install it in Fedora 34. So as you can see it’s quite easy, just share this post with your friends.

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