Step 1: Update Your System

First of all update your system to have the latest updates installed.

sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y

Step 2: Allow Firewall Access

If you have not already installed firewall, type the below command to install it.

sudo apt install ufw

Once, installed enable SSH port.

sudo ufw allow "OpenSSH"

Then enable the firewall to start on boot.

Now, allow the port 8080 that is being used by the calibre server.

sudo ufw allow 8080

Verify the firewall status by typing

sudo ufw status
Status: active
To Action From
-- ------ ----
OpenSSH ALLOW Anywhere
8080 ALLOW Anywhere
OpenSSH (v6) ALLOW Anywhere (v6)
8080 (v6) ALLOW Anywhere (v6)

Step 3: Download & Install Calibre Server

Calibre is available on Ubuntu 20.04 but here we’ll use their official site to download the latest version of it instead of downloading it from Ubuntu repository.

Run the below command to install the required dependencies.

sudo apt install libfontconfig libgl1-mesa-glx

And then type the below command to get the calibre server installer.

wget https://download.calibre-ebook.com/linux-installer.sh

Now, make the script exceutable

chmod +x ./linux-installer.sh

And finally hit the below command to install the Calibre.

sudo ./linux-installer.sh

If you face any warning ignore them because it will give you warning as you are using desktop Ubuntu version instead of Ubuntu server.

Step 4: Create Your Ebook Library

Here we’ll download a book to show you how it works. You can download many books from Project Gutenberg as they provide free public domain books. Hit the below command to download one book.

wget http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/209.kindle.noimages -O turnofthescrew.mobi

Then create a new folder for you calibre library.

sudo mkdir calibre-library

And, then add the pre-downloaded book into this folder.

calibredb add *.mobi --with-library calibre-library/

That’s it your book was added.

Step 5: Running the Calibre Server on Ubuntu 20.04

Fire the following command in your terminal in order to run the calibre server on ubuntu 20.04.

calibre-server calibre-library

The above command consists of two parts. calibre-server refers to start the server & the calibre-library indicates the folder used by the server.

Output:

You’ll see the similar output.

calibre server listening on 0.0.0.0:8080
OPDS feeds advertised via BonJour at: your_server_ip port: 8080

Step 6: Access Calibre Server Via Web

Now, open your favourite browser and type your IP along with calibre port like http://IP:8080 to access the calibre on web page.

Click on the shown folder & you’ll see the downloaded book here. Similarly you can add many books here.

To stop the server simply press Ctrl+C in the terminal.

In order to change the default port of calibre type

calibre-server calibre-library --port 7530

Make sure to allow this port through firewall.

Step 7: Creating A Service For Calibre Server

To start calibre server on every boot, simply add the service for calibre. Create a new file /etc/systemd/system/calibre-server.service.

sudo nano /etc/systemd/system/calibre-server.service

Then paste the below content into the file.

### startup service
[Unit]
Description=calibre content server
After=network.target
[Service]
Type=simple
User=<username>
Group=<username>
ExecStart=/opt/calibre/calibre-server /home/<username>/calibre-library --enable-local-write
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
Note: Replace username with your system user.

Finally save & close the file.

To start calibre server, type

sudo systemctl start calibre-server

To start on boot hit

sudo systemctl enable calibre-server

Step 8: Add User Authentication

In order to add user authentication, stop calibre server.

sudo systemctl stop calibre-server

And then start the script by typing

sudo calibre-server --userdb /home/<username>/.config/calibre/server-users.sqlite --manage-users

1) Add a new user
2) Edit an existing user
3) Remove a user
4) Cancel
What do you want to do? [1-4]: 1
Enter the username: osradar
Enter the new password for osradar:
Re-enter the new password for osradar, to verify:
User osradar added successfully!

Provide details as required to setup user authentication.

Then edit the service file.

sudo nano /etc/systemd/system/calibre-server.service

Now, type –-enable-auth to the end of ExectStart line.

. . .
ExecStart=/opt/calibre/calibre-server "/home/<username>/calibre-library" --userdb "/home/<username>/.config/calibre/server-users.sqlite" --enable-local-write --enable-auth
. . .

Save & exit the file.

Then reload the daemon by

sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl start calibre-server

User authentication enabled now you’ve to provide username and password while accessing on web page.

So, this is how you can install Calibre Ebook Server on Ubutnu 20.04

The post How To Install Calibre Ebook Server On Ubuntu 20.04 appeared first on Linux Windows and android Tutorials.

Step 1: Update your Ubuntu System

To install any package on our system, first update it to the latest packages. Run the below command in your terminal.

sudo apt -y update

Step 2: Installing Node.js on Ubuntu 20.04

Node.js can be installed on our Ubuntu 20.04 system using different methods. Here I listed the three methods to install Node.js on our Ubuntu system.

• By Node Source Repository
• With the help of NVM (I recommend to install using NVM)
• By Ubuntu Repository

You can select your desired option but I recommend to install Node.js using the NVM second method listed above. Here we’ll see all the methods.

Step 3: Install Node.js with Node Source

To install Node.js with the help of Node Source, add the node source repository by firing the below command in your terminal.

Node.js 12 (LTS)

curl -sL https://deb.nodesource.com/setup_12.x | sudo -E bash -

Node.js 14 (Current Version)

curl -sL https://deb.nodesource.com/setup_14.x | sudo -E bash -

After adding the repository simply hit the below command to install the Node.js. There will be also an additional package installed on your system called NPM. NPM is the Node Package Manager used for the purpose of Java language.

sudo apt -y install nodejs

Verify the version of installed Node.js by running the below command.

node -v

Output:

You’ll see the similar results

sabir@Ubuntu20:~$ node -v
v12.18.0

Also, you can find the NPM version by typing the given command in your terminal.

npm -v

Output:

sabir@Ubuntu20:~$ npm -v
6.14.4

Step 4: Installing Node.js by NVM

NVM stands for Node Version Manager helps us to switch between the different versions of Node.js. So, you can install the desired one with the help of NVM. To install Node.js using NVM, first install the NVM by typing the below command.

wget -qO- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nvm-sh/nvm/v0.35.3/install.sh | bash

Now, close the terminal and then open it again to make sure that nvm is loaded.

Then install the Node.js with the help of below command.

Node.js 12 (LTS)

nvm install --lts

Node.js 14

nvm install node

Verify the version by

sabir@Ubuntu20:~$ node -v
v14.4.0
sabir@Ubuntu20:~$ npm -v
6.14.5
sabir@Ubuntu20:~$

Some NVM Commands

You can list the available versions of Node.js with the help of below command.

nvm ls-remote

For installing the specific version just type the name of the version in front of the nvm install command like below.

nvm install 12.18.0

To get list of all installed versions of Node.js on our system hit

nvm ls

Output:

sabir@Ubuntu20:~$ nvm ls
v12.18.0
-> v14.4.0
system
default -> lts/* (-> v12.18.0)
node -> stable (-> v14.4.0) (default)
stable -> 14.4 (-> v14.4.0) (default)
iojs -> N/A (default)
unstable -> N/A (default)
lts/* -> lts/erbium (-> v12.18.0)
lts/argon -> v4.9.1 (-> N/A)
lts/boron -> v6.17.1 (-> N/A)
lts/carbon -> v8.17.0 (-> N/A)
lts/dubnium -> v10.21.0 (-> N/A)
lts/erbium -> v12.18.0

If you want to use different version from installed hit

nvm use 14.4.0

For removing any version hit

nvm uninstall 12.18.0

Step 5: Install Node.js by Ubuntu Repository

As this is available on Ubuntu repository, so its fast and easy to install hit the below command.

sudo apt update

sudo apt install -y nodejs

Verify the version by

node -v

So, this is how you can install Node.js on Ubuntu 20.04 using different methods.

The post How To Install Node.js on Ubuntu 20.04 appeared first on Linux Windows and android Tutorials.

Lighttpd is a “secure, fast, compatible and very flexible” web server optimized for high-performance environments. It consumes very few resources compared to other web servers and especially fast for running AJAX applications. It is also open source and uses a BSD license and works on UNIX-like systems, such as Linux or BSD.

Combining Ubuntu 18.04 with Lighttpd is a safe bet if you want a fast, efficient and secure web server. Go for it.

0. Prerequisites

The idea is to install a complete web server using Lighttpd, PHP, and MariaDB in Ubuntu 18.04. It’s not complicated but you should keep in mind the following:

• It is advisable to have some knowledge about the use of the terminal.
• Have root access to perform the commands.
• Have a computer with Ubuntu 18.04.

1.- Upgrade the system

It’s a good idea to start these tutorials by updating the system, making sure you have the latest security patches for your system. Open a terminal and run:

:~$ sudo -i

After entering the password you will be the root user. Next:

:~# apt update && apt upgrade

With this, you will have updated your system.

2.- Install MariaDB

MariaDB is a fork of Mysql. It is fully compatible with the former and is the most recommended for its experience of use. However, despite this, it is very powerful and reliable.

To install it, run:

:~# apt install mariadb-server

Now you have to perform a configuration process. This is best done with mysql_secure_installation script.

:~# mysql_secure_installation

After setting the root password, you will be asked some configuration questions. I will answer Y, N, Y, Y.

3.- Install Lighttpd

The easiest and most direct way to install Lighttpd on Ubuntu 18.04 is to do it from the official repositories.

:~# apt install lighttpd

And then you enable the service to start with the system.

:~# systemctl enable lighttpd
:~# systemctl start lighttpd

In order to avoid problems between Lightppd and the firewall, run:

:~# ufw allow 80/tcp
:~# ufw reload
:~# ufw enable

To check the installation, go to your web browser and try to access to http://IP_SERVER. If you see this then everything is OK.

4.- Install PHP

A web server needs a programming language to interpret and execute the applications built, so install PHP.

:~# apt install php7.2 php7.2-fpm php7.2-mysql php7.2-cli php7.2-curl php7.2-xml

Next, edit the file /etc/php/7.2/fpm/pool.d/www.conf

:~# nano /etc/php/7.2/pool.d/www.conf

Change the line”listen” to 127.0.0.1:9000.

Next, edit the file /etc/lighttpd/conf-available/15-fastcgi-php.conf too.

:~# nano /etc/lighttpd/conf-available/15-fastcgi-php.conf

And change:

"bin-path" => "/usr/bin/php-cgi",
"socket" => "/var/run/lighttpd/php.socket",

To:

"host" => "127.0.0.1",
"port" => "9000",

Finally, enable the FastCGI and FastCGI-PHP modules:

:~# lighty-enable-mod fastcgi
:~# lighty-enable-mod fastcgi-php

Restart Lighttpd:

:~# systemctl restart lighttpd

5. Testing the installation

To verify that everything is working, make a .php file in the root directory of the server, i.e. in /var/www/html. I’ll call it t.php. Put on it this:

<?php
phpinfo();
?>

Change the permissions:

:~# chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www/html/
:~# chown -R 755 /var/www/html/

Finally, open your web browser and go to http://IP_SERVER/t.php. If you see this, everything is working.

Conclusion

To install Lighttpd only basic knowledge about the use of the terminal and configuration files is required because it is really simple. Being this a web server oriented to simplicity and speed we find simple files to configure.

We want to know about you, have you used this program before? you have been using the tutorial? what about your experience with PHP and Lighttpd? Let us know in the comments.

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The post How to install lighttpd web server on Ubuntu 18.04? appeared first on Linux Windows and android Tutorials.