What is the LAMP stack?

The LAMP stack is the union of several application components that allow to have a functional web server. With LAMP it is possible to develop and deploy web applications created in PHP.

Installing the LAMP stack on Fedora 34

(L)inux

The first component is Linux. In this case, we are using Fedora as the Linux distribution. Fedora is quite stable for these purposes, but it also serves to host applications as if it were a server.

(A)pache

The second component is the HTTP server. The easiest server to use and also one of the most popular is HTTPD which is the Apache project server. Fortunately, it is found in the official repositories of the distribution, which facilitates the installation.

To do this, open a terminal and execute the following command:

:~$ sudo dnf install httpd

Before you can use the server, you must initialize the service. In other words, you have to start it. To do this, we use systemd to do it.

:~$ sudo systemctl start httpd

If you want the service to start along with the system, then run this command:

:~$ sudo systemctl enable httpd

Now each time the system is started, httpd will be started.

However, Fedora values security very much and will not allow httpd to run if port 80 and 443 are not opened in the firewall. So let’s do it.

$ sudo firewall-cmd zone=public add-service=http permanent
success
$ sudo firewall-cmd reload
success

Now, open your web browser and go to http://your-server or http://localhost depending on where you are installing LAMP. You willl see the following:

That means Apache is functioning perfectly.

Installing LAMP stack on Fedora 34 – (P)hp

Now for web applications to run smoothly, you need to install PHP. PHP is one of the most popular languages for web programming. In fact, the vast majority of web applications are created with PHP. To install it along with its main modules, you have to execute the following command:

:~$ sudo dnf install php php-common php-pecl-apcu php-cli php-pear php-pdo php-mysqlnd php-pgsql php-gd php-mbstring php-xml

Now you have to test that PHP works properly, so you have to create a file with some php code and see if you run it.

:~$ sudo nano /var/www/html/test.php

And add the following:

<?php
phpinfo();
?>

If you do not have nano installed, it is better to do it with the following command:

:~$ sudo dnf install nano

For all this to work, you have to restart the server:

:~$ sudo systemctl restart httpd

And then, open it from the web browser. http://your-server/test.php or http://localhost/test.php

This means that PHP and Apache are working correctly.

Installing LAMP stack on Fedora 34 – (M)ariaDB

MariaDB is a MySQL fork. Therefore, we are in the presence of a relational database management system. It is included in most existing Linux distributions. Also, it is perfectly compatible with MySQL and its commands as well as its engines. It is the last component of LAMP.

Keep in mind that MariaDB is used to store the data that applications require as they are being used. That is to say, no transactional system should be executed without a database manager. So it is vital to install it.

To do this, run the following command:

:~$ sudo dnf install mariadb-server

Then, at the end of the installation, start the service as with Httpd.

:~$ sudo systemctl start mariadb

And if you want it to run at system startup, just run this command:

:~$ sudo systemctl enable mariadb

Now, you have to secure the installation with the mysql_secure_installation script. With this script you will be able to define a root password and other small configurations.

:~$ sudo mysql_secure_installation

After defining the root password you will be asked other configuration questions. I answered yes to everything.

Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] Y 
Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] Y
Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] Y
Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] y

Now, you have the LAMP stack installed in Fedora 34 without problems.

Conclusion

The LAMP stack is a set of vital applications to have a basic and functional web server. It is the basis for most web applications. And it is necessary for the development of applications and to serve them. Each one of the elements of the stack can be installed without problems but its administration would give for many articles. Anyway today you have learned to deploy it in its basic form.

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As time goes by, the versions of the programs that come in the repositories of the Linux distributions become old. Similarly, program developers often release new versions with new features or bug fixes and we miss them.

Git is a program with quite active development and that requires to be always updated to have news and security fixes. So it is better to do it. And the best way to do it is to compile the source code of the application yourself.

Let us get started.

Installing the latest version of GIT on Fedora 34/33?

A great way to get the latest stable version of any open source program is to compile the source code. Don’t be frightened by the word compile, in fact it’s pretty easy to do.

Open a terminal session and install the necessary libraries to compile GIT. Some are SSL, CURL, ZLIB and others.

:~$ sudo dnf install curl-devel expat-devel gettext-devel openssl-devel zlib-devel

In a normal Fedora 33 installation the basic compiling tools are not incorporated. These tools are necessary to comply with our tutorial. To install them, run the following command:

:~$ sudo dnf groupinstall "Development Tools"

We will now proceed to download the GIT source code using wget. So make sure you have it installed:

:~$ sudo dnf install wget

And then download the GIT source code. At the time of this tutorial, the most recent version is 2.31.1. But surely in the future, it will change.

:~$ wget https://mirrors.edge.kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/git-2.31.1.tar.gz

Then, unzip the file using tar.

:~$ tar -zxf git-2.31.1.tar.gz

A folder named git-2.31.1 will be created. Access it and start the process.

:~$ cd git-2.31.1
:~$ make prefix=/usr/local all

Finally, install it.

:~$ sudo make prefix=/usr/local install

So, that is it. Just use GIT and check the installed version.

:~$ git --version
git version 2.31.1

Conclusion

GIT is a basic application for a developer and getting the latest stable version is a great help to enjoy this tool to the fullest. Let’s think that this trial will become more valid when recent versions start to come out and the version of the official repositories becomes obsolete.

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As we already know since Oracle took over MySQL many Linux distributions, they took it out of their official repositories. This resulted in the incorporation of a fork called MariaDB. In terms of compatibility everything is guaranteed but it is true that many developers still prefer to use MySQL. So, you have to use another repository for it.

Install MySQL on Fedora 34/33

Oracle provides us with a repository to install MySQL. Specifically, version 8.0 is loaded with interesting new features. So, the first step is to open a terminal session and execute the following command to add the MySQL repository.

For Fedora 34

:~$ sudo dnf install https://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql80-community-release-fc34-1.noarch.rpm

For Fedora 33:

:~$ sudo dnf install https://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql80-community-release-fc33-1.noarch.rpm

Then, once the repository is correctly added, we can install MySQL with the following command:

:~$ sudo dnf install mysql-community-server

And already, but before using it you have to make a few small configurations.

Using MySQL

MySQL is already installed, but you have to start the service to use it. So, run this command:

:~$ sudo systemctl start mysqld

If you want MySQL to start along with the system, use this other command as well:

:~$ sudo systemctl enable mysqld

For security reasons, MySQL generates a temporary root key. Please note that MySQL has even stricter security policies than MariaDB.

Then, you have to show which is the temporary password generated to be able to run the mysql_secure_installation script and be able to set a definite root key.

To do this, use the following command:

:~$ sudo cat /var/log/mysqld.log

In the image you can see, the generated key. Remember that in each case, it is different.

Then we can use the mysql_secure_installation script. In this script we will be able to set the definitive root password and make other security settings for the server.

:~$ sudo mysql_secure_installation

Enter the temporary key you previously obtained and you will immediately be able to establish yours.

MySQL has a plugin that does not allow weak passwords, so it establishes a strong one with numbers, signs and combinations of lower and uppercase letters.

Then, answer the security questions as you prefer. I said yes to all of them.

Now, you can use MySQL without problems. To do this, access the console with this command:

:~$ sudo mysql -u root -p

So, enjoy it.

Conclusion

MySQL continues to be the reference of the database relations handlers in Linux. However, as it is not present in the official repositories of Linux distributions, you have to take extra steps to install it.

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As we know Fedora 31 has recently come out and includes Firefox by default as most Linux distributions. However, there are still those who prefer to use Google Chrome. One cause could be the excellent integration with their mobile version of Android or simply because of the wide variety of extensions available. In any case, we are talking about one of the most important web browsers out there and one of the best. Of that there is no doubt.

Install Google Chrome on Fedora 31

Like almost all programs that are not open source, Google Chrome is not found in the official repositories of the distribution. However, Google provides compiled packages ready to be installed.

First of all, go to the Google Chrome website

Then click on Download Chrome.

In the next screen, we will have to choose the second option that corresponds to the RPM package for Fedora and OpenSuse.

Once the package has been downloaded, we proceed to install it. I recommend doing it from the terminal to make the process faster.

So, open the terminal and navigate to the Download folder.

:~$ cd Downloads/

To make the installation faster, I will rename the downloaded package to google.rpm.

:~$ mv google-chrome-stable_current_x86_64.rpm google.rpm

And we proceed to perform the installation with the command dnf.

:~$ sudo dnf install google.rpm

Now you can launch it from the main menu:

And that is it.

Conclusion

Google Chrome has gained its popularity step by step. This makes many users want to use it in Fedora 31. So in this post you have learned how to install it.

The post How to install Google Chrome on Fedora 31? appeared first on Linux Windows and android Tutorials.

Fedora has always been characterized by being a bold Linux distribution with quite remarkable changes. All this hand in hand with stability and robustness. This new version comes loaded with new features, being the inclusion of GNOME 3.34 one of the main ones.

Let’s see what’s new.

GNOME 3.34 on Fedora 31

GNOME 3.34 is an important version of Fedora’s favorite desktop environment. This is because its new features are very focused on the computer performance and resource consumption. So, this results in Fedora 31 is a little faster than the previous version.

Some new GNOME 3.34 features that may be contributed by Fedora 31 users are as follows:

• Improvements in the overall performance of the environment
• Boxes, the GNOME’s virtual machine manager incorporates 3D acceleration in virtual machines.
• Terminal now supports right-to-left and bi-directional languages.
• Custom icon folders which facilitate the organization of them.

And many more.

Fedora 31 available: other features

We already said that Fedora is characterized by having many new features that take time to implement in other Linux distributions. Some of them with the following ones:

• Eliminated Python 2. Because the support of this language version ends this year.
• Inclusion of Linux 5.3
• NodeJS 12 from the official repositories.
• Firefox will run natively in the GNOME Wayland session.
• Also, Wayland enabled by default in GNOME.

Other languages stand out:

• Go 1.13
• GCC 9.21
• Perl 5.20

In addition to PHP 7.3 and many server tools.

However, this version also marks the farewell of 32bits support.

Download Fedora and spins

So, Fedora by default includes GNOME but there are several spins with major desktop environments such as Plasma, XFCE, or Mate. So let’s get to work.

Download Fedora 31

Download Fedora 31 Spins

So, in case you want more information about this release, I recommend you read the release note of this new version.

So, enjoy it.

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