What is a Virtual Machine

A virtual machine is a software that creates an independent layer where the operation of a real computer is emulated. Additionally, it includes all the hardware components you need to run a different operating system or a specific application. It can be run in a window as a separate computing environment. A virtual machine works like a computer within a computer. Also, it and allows end-users to use apps as they would on an actual machine. It is an excellent tool for programmers, developers and IT professionals. Indeed, this environment allows you to create, deploy and manage applications and software securely.

What is Hyper-V

Hyper-V is a hardware virtualization product from Microsoft that allows users to create, run and manage virtual machines on a host operating system. In addition, Hyper-V provides hardware virtualization. As a result, each virtual machine runs on virtual hardware. It also allows multiple operating systems to be created and run on a single physical machine. In addition, Hyper-V also allows users to perform system administration tasks such as backup, restore, and migration of virtual machines.

What are the requirements for using Hyper-V?

The first thing to know is that Hyper-V is available as an optional feature in Windows 11 Pro, Enterprise, and Education. If you don’t know what version of Windows you have, you can find out by going to Settings>System>About. Then check the Windows specifications section to find your edition of Windows. But we must not only have a compatible Windows. In fact, we must also enable hardware virtualization in BIOS. This function is usually disabled. Therefore, we must be the ones to enable it.

When should we use Hyper-V?

There are some cases in which we could use Hyper-V. In this way, not having to rely on another third-party tool such as VirtualBox or VMware Workstation.

• Run and test an older version of Windows or a non-Microsoft signature operating system.
• Test software on multiple operating systems using many virtual machines on a single host system.

Enabling hardware virtualization in BIOS

As we have told you before, for everything to work perfectly, the hardware virtualization part of the BIOS must be operational and enabled. To perform this task, you should consult the user manual. Indeed, each brand uses a different way to enable this function. For knowledge purposes, let’s assume you have a computer from a well-known brand, such as HP.

• Turn off the computer.
• Now we turn on the system and start pressing the Esc key to see the boot menu.
• It is time to press F10 to enter the BIOS Setup.
• In the BIOS Setup Utility, we use the arrow key and open the Setup tab.
• Next, we go down to the Virtualization Technology option.
• Press Enter and then click on Enable.
• Press the F10 key to save the changes and exit.
• The computer will restart, and the virtualization tool will be enabled.

Hyper-V on Windows: control panel

Now it is the turn of Windows 11 and the ways that we have to enable the Hyper-V. The first one is by using the Windows Control Panel as follows:

• Press Win + R to open the Run dialog.
• Type Control Panel and open the option that pops up.
• Now go to Programs>Programs and Features.
• In the left pane, we click to Turn Windows features on or off.
• Now, in the Windows Features dialog box, we select Hyper-V.
• We must make sure that when we expand this option, Hyper-V Management Tools and Hyper-V Platform come up as active.
• Then we click on OK.
• As these are optional features, Windows will begin to install and enable them on the computer. This process may take some time to complete.
• When it is finished, click on Restart Now.

Hyper-V on Windows: Command Prompt

Another way to perform this same action is to use the Command Prompt. DISM is used to get Hyper-V running on the computer.

• We write cmd in the task bar and when the option appears we click on Run as Administrator.
• Now that we are inside the Command Prompt, we write the following: DISM /Online /Enable-Feature /All /FeatureName:Microsoft-Hyper-V
• Once we press Enter, it will start enabling the Hyper-V feature, and we will see the progress on the screen.
• Once the operation completes successfully, you will need to reboot your PC. Then, press Y on your keyboard to confirm the action.

Hyper-V on Windows: Windows PowerShell

It is certainly a simple process with the command prompt. On the other hand, with Windows PowerShell it will be equally easy.

• In the search box of the taskbar, we write PowerShell, and we give to Run as administrator as soon as it comes out.
• Already in PowerShell, we write the following command, and we press Enter: Enable-WindowsOptionalFeature -Online -FeatureName Microsoft-Hyper-V-All
• PowerShell will start the Hyper-V enablement process. If successful, we will be prompted to restart the PC.

These are the ways we have to enable Hyper-V in Microsoft’s operating system. As you have seen, it is very simple, surely much more than you expected, to have Hyper-V fully operational in Windows 11. This way you can enjoy the benefits of virtualization on your computer. With the added bonus of not having to purchase or download additional software. See you soon!

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What is a virtual machine?

A virtual machine (VM) is a software implementation of a computer that runs on another computer. This way, allowing multiple operating systems to run on the same physical machine. It provides a virtualized environment for running applications, which are isolated from the host operating system and other VMs.

How a virtual machine works?

A virtual machine works by using a hypervisor, also known as a virtual machine monitor, to virtualize the underlying hardware of a physical computer. The hypervisor creates virtual devices and emulates their behavior. This way, it can to provide a virtual environment for the operating system and applications running within the VM. The VM communicates with the hypervisor, which in turn communicates with the physical hardware. So it allows the VM to access physical resources such as CPU, memory, and storage. This allows multiple VMs to run on the same physical machine. Also, each one with its own operating system and applications, without interfering with each other.

What are the advantages of using a virtual machine?

Some advantages of using a virtual machine include:

• Isolation: VMs provide a layer of isolation between the host operating system and applications. Therefore, reducing the risk of contamination or system instability.
• Cost-effectiveness: VMs can be a cost-effective solution for running multiple operating systems and applications on the same physical machine. This way reducing the need for multiple physical computers.
• Portability: VMs can be easily moved between physical machines, making it easier to migrate to new hardware or to recover from a failure.
• Compatibility: VMs can run older or incompatible applications, allowing them to continue to be used even on newer hardware or operating systems.
• Test environment: VMs are available to create a safe and controlled environment for testing new software or configurations without affecting the host operating system

Disadvantages of working with virtual machines

Some disadvantages of working with virtual machines include:

• Performance: VMs can have lower performance compared to running directly on physical hardware, as they must share the physical resources of the host machine.
• Resource utilization: Running multiple VMs on a single physical machine can consume a large amount of resources. Especially memory and storage.
• Complexity: Virtualization can introduce additional complexity to an IT environment, requiring specialized knowledge and skills to manage and maintain the virtual infrastructure.
• Licensing costs: Some virtualization platforms and operating systems have additional licensing costs that can add to the overall cost of implementing virtualization.
• Security: VMs can be vulnerable to security threats just like physical computers. Therefore, additional security measures may be required to secure the virtual environment.

What are the requirements for Windows to run virtual machines?

The requirements for Windows to run virtual machines are:

• A 64-bit processor with Second Level Address Translation (SLAT)
• At least 4 GB of RAM
• At least 64 GB of free hard disk space
• Hyper-V and Containers Windows features enabled
• Windows 10/11 Pro or Enterprise (64-bit) version 1909 or later
• A GPU with WDDM 2.0 driver for GPU acceleration (optional)

What is Hyper V, the virtualization module for windows?

Hyper-V is a native hypervisor from Microsoft that provides virtualization technology for creating and running virtual machines on Windows operating systems. It allows multiple operating systems to run on a single physical machine. In the same way, providing isolation and security for each virtual machine and enabling efficient utilization of hardware resources. With Hyper-V, users can create and manage virtual machines. Also configuring virtual switches, storage, and network interfaces, and monitor virtual machine performance and resource usage. It is available as a feature in Windows 10/11 Pro and Enterprise editions.

What are the most used virtualization software?

The most widely used virtualization software are:

• VMware vSphere
• Microsoft Hyper-V
• Citrix XenServer
• Oracle VirtualBox
• Red Hat Virtualization (RHV)
• Proxmox Virtual Environment
• KVM (Kernel-based Virtual Machine)
• AWS (Amazon Web Services)
• Google Compute Engine
• Alibaba Cloud Elastic Compute Service (ECS)

They are certainly the most popular. However, we will highlight those most commonly used in Windows environment. Previously, we talked about Hyper V. Therefore, we will start with Virtual Box.

Oracle Virtual Box

VirtualBox is a free and open-source virtualization software for x86 and AMD64/Intel64-based computers. It allows users to run multiple operating systems on a single physical machine. Also, each one in its own virtual environment. Moreover, providing isolation and security for each virtual machine. VirtualBox provides a user-friendly interface for creating, configuring and managing virtual machines.

In addition, including support for storage and network interfaces, and can be used for a wide range of purposes including software development, testing, and personal use. It can run on various host operating systems including Windows, macOS, Linux, and Solaris, and supports a wide range of guest operating systems including Windows, Linux, and BSD distributions.

VMware vSphere

VMware vSphere is a comprehensive enterprise-class virtualization platform. It provides a centralized management solution for virtual infrastructure. Moreover, it is used for creating, deploying and managing virtual machines, networks, and storage resources. With vSphere, IT organizations can pool and allocate shared resources to virtual machines and application. With this in mind, enabling efficient utilization of hardware resources, high availability, and disaster recovery.

vSphere includes features such as live migration of virtual machines, storage and network resource management, and multi-hypervisor support, as well as a robust security model and a powerful API for integration with other management tools. It is widely used in data centers and cloud environments for virtualizing business-critical applications, and is available as a standalone product or as part of the VMware Cloud Foundation, a unified SDDC platform for deploying and managing a hybrid cloud.

Very well, in this way we have seen what Virtual Machines are. We also check what are the advantages and disadvantages of using them. We also learned how they work. Furthermore, we saw which are the most used ones, plus what you need to run them on Windows.

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Docker is a recent technology that allows the deployment of applications and programs in the form of containers. That is, as a kind of virtual machine but contained only for that application. In this blog, we have taught you how to install some applications using this methodology.

• Deploy PHPMyAdmin using Docker Compose
• Nextcloud using Docker compose
• How to deploy Jenkins using docker-compose?
• Deploy MongoDB using Docker Compose

This is a great advantage at the time of deployment because we do not care about the dependencies they may have. On the other hand, Docker is very secure and by default isolates network processes and data between host and container. It is widely used among sysadmin and even developers.

Install Docker on Fedora 34/33?

Fedora 34 being so new, uses cgroups v2 by default and this is a problem with Docker because it doesn’t implement it yet. Then, to the steps that are indicated in the official documentation of Docker, it is necessary to add some new steps. Let’s go for it:

First let’s install Docker normally, for it opens a terminal session and executes the following command:

$ sudo dnf config-manager --add--repo https://download.docker.com/linux/fedora/docker-ce.repo 

Then, once the Docker repository is configured, we proceed to install it with the following command:

:~$ sudo dnf install docker-ce

When the installation is complete, Docker will be installed.

You can configure Docker to run without root permissions. To do this, run the following commands:

:~$ sudo groupadd docker :$ sudo groupadd docker
:~$ sudo usermod -aG docker $USER

We will now make some changes to Fedora’s grub to adapt the system to Docker.

Edit the default grub configuration file:

:~$ sudo gedit /etc/default/grub

And in the line that starts with “GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX“, the following parameter must be added: system.unified_cgroup_hierarchy=0.

Then save the changes and close the file.

To apply the changes you have to update the grub with the following command:

:~$ sudo grub2-mkconfig 

And finally, reboot the system.

When you start the system again, you can start and use docker. To start the service, just use the following command:

:~$ sudo systemctl start docker

And if you want it to start along with the system, add this other command:

:~$ sudo systemctl enable docker

And now, you can use Docker on Fedora 34/33.

Conclusion

Fedora is an excellent and innovative system, but sometimes being at the forefront means some inconvenience when installing certain programs. That is why for Docker to work perfectly, you have to take some extra steps. And you have learned that today.

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KVM stands for Kernel-based Virtual Machine and is a virtualization technology integrated into the Linux kernel. Specifically, with KVM you can turn Linux into a hypervisor that allows a host machine to run multiple, isolated virtual environments called virtual machines (VMs) or guests.

KVM is open-source software. The Kernel component of KVM is included in the Linux mainline, as of 2.6.20. So if you use Linux you already have this feature available.

Linux Kernel 5.8 Released

So in summary with KVM we can create virtual machines quickly and take advantage of all the potential and modules of the kernel.

Before we start…

While it is true that KVM is built into the kernel as a module, not all processors support it. So the first step is to verify that your processor supports this feature.

So, open a terminal and run it according to your processor:

For AMD:

:~$ cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep svm

Or for Intel processors:

:~$ cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep vmx

If you do not get any screen output, then your processor does not support KVM.

Another way to find out is to run this command:

:~$ egrep -c '(vmx|svm)' /proc/cpuinfo
4

If you get an output per screen greater than 0 then you can use KVM.

Install KVM on Debian 10 / Ubuntu 20.04

Now that we know that we will be able to use KVM on Debian 10 or Ubuntu 20.04, then it can be installed without problems.

So, to do this in the terminal, run the following command:

:~$ sudo apt install qemu-kvm libvirt-clients libvirt-daemon-system bridge-utils virtinst libvirt-daemon
Reading package lists… Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information… Done
The following additional packages will be installed:
augeas-lenses gir1.2-libosinfo-1.0 ibverbs-providers ipxe-qemu libaugeas0 libcacard0 libcapstone3 libfdt1 libgovirt-common libgovirt2 libgtk-vnc-2.0-0 libgvnc-1.0-0
libibverbs1 libnetcf1 libosinfo-1.0-0 libphodav-2.0-0 libphodav-2.0-common librdmacm1 libspice-client-glib-2.0-8 libspice-client-gtk-3.0-5 libspice-server1
libusbredirhost1 libusbredirparser1 libvdeplug2 libvirglrenderer0 libvirt-glib-1.0-0 libvirt0 libxencall1 libxendevicemodel1 libxenevtchn1 libxenforeignmemory1
libxengnttab1 libxenmisc4.11 libxenstore3.0 libxentoolcore1 libxentoollog1 osinfo-db ovmf python3-libvirt python3-libxml2 qemu-system-common qemu-system-data
qemu-system-gui qemu-system-x86 qemu-utils seabios spice-client-glib-usb-acl-helper virt-viewer
Suggested packages:
augeas-doc augeas-tools libosinfo-l10n libvirt-daemon-driver-storage-gluster libvirt-daemon-driver-storage-rbd libvirt-daemon-driver-storage-zfs numad auditd
nfs-common open-iscsi radvd systemtap zfsutils samba vde2 qemu-block-extra sgabios debootstrap
The following NEW packages will be installed:
augeas-lenses bridge-utils gir1.2-libosinfo-1.0 ibverbs-providers ipxe-qemu libaugeas0 libcacard0 libcapstone3 libfdt1 libgovirt-common libgovirt2 libgtk-vnc-2.0-0
libgvnc-1.0-0 libibverbs1 libnetcf1 libosinfo-1.0-0 libphodav-2.0-0 libphodav-2.0-common librdmacm1 libspice-client-glib-2.0-8 libspice-client-gtk-3.0-5
libspice-server1 libusbredirhost1 libusbredirparser1 libvdeplug2 libvirglrenderer0 libvirt-clients libvirt-daemon libvirt-daemon-system libvirt-glib-1.0-0 libvirt0
libxencall1 libxendevicemodel1 libxenevtchn1 libxenforeignmemory1 libxengnttab1 libxenmisc4.11 libxenstore3.0 libxentoolcore1 libxentoollog1 osinfo-db ovmf
python3-libvirt python3-libxml2 qemu-kvm qemu-system-common qemu-system-data qemu-system-gui qemu-system-x86 qemu-utils seabios spice-client-glib-usb-acl-helper
virt-viewer virtinst
0 upgraded, 54 newly installed, 0 to remove and 55 not upgraded.
Need to get 24.0 MB of archives.
After this operation, 87.1 MB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n]

And wait for the download and installation to be completed.

When the download is complete, verify that the libvirtd service is working properly.

:~$ sudo systemctl status libvirtd

By default, KVM networks are disabled. You can check this with the following command:

:~$ sudo virsh net-list --all
Name        State         Autostart     Persistent
----------------------------------------------------
default     inactive         no            yes

To activate them and make them start automatically, just run these commands:

:~$ sudo virsh net-start default
Network default started

:~$ sudo virsh net-autostart default
Network default marked as autostarted

And with this, KVM is ready to be used. Now it remains to create a new virtual machine to test the environment.

Conclusion

KVM is one of the most outstanding technologies of the Linux kernel. This technology, widely used in many data centers and cloud technologies, takes Linux management to another level. It can also be used for home use.

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Prerequisites

This method makes use of virtualization. For this reason it is necessary to have a processor that supports this technology. Additionally, it is essential to have Hyper-V enabled or to install VirtualBox.

How to download Multipass.

As mentioned above, this cloud-based installation is multi-platform. Therefore, the first thing you have to do is go to this link and download the executable file for Windows. Once you have downloaded the file, just run it as any Windows executable.

After accepting the license, it is necessary to select which hypervisor you will use. As mentioned, you can use either Hyper-V or Virtualbox.

Now the wizard offers to add Multipass to the path. This is very important because it allows you to run the instance without having to type in the full installation address.

Now select the installation location.

Then choose the components to be installed.

Once the previous step is completed, the installation will begin. Wait a few moments while the work is completed.

Running and configuring Multipass for Ubuntu.

Once the installation is complete, it is time to run Multipass for the first time. With this intention, go to the home menu and click on Multipass.

This action will launch Multipass. To launch the shell please right-click on the icon in the taskbar and click on Open Shell.

Immediately PowerShell will be displayed and the Ubuntu image will start downloading. This is an unattended process.

After retrieving the image, the wizard will ask if you wish to contribute information. Finally, the preparation of Multipass will begin.

Finally, Multipass has been successfully installed.

Some basic Multipass commands.

From now on, all that remains is to explore the new facility. First, you can update the list of available packages and their versions.

sudo apt-get update

The default password is ubuntu However, you can change it with the following command:

sudo passwd ubuntu

At the end of the day we have seen how to install Ubuntu on Windows 10 using Multipass. From now on, you can enjoy another alternative to use Ubuntu within Windows 10. I hope you enjoyed it. See you later!

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How to install Hyper-V Windows Server 2019 from Server Manager.

Hyper-V is developed as a virtualization technology which is based on hypervisor. Consequently, it uses the Windows hypervisor, which in turn requires a physical processor. It is essential that this processor has the virtualization technology. To activate and install it, from the Server Manager click on Add Roles and Features.

Press Next to continue.

On the next screen, select the Role-based or feature-bases installation:

Now it is time to select the server where the role will be installed:

Then select Hyper-V:

Then, a confirmation window is shown below with the features that will be added.

Press Next to continue:

The following window is about installation based on features. Consequently, press Next to continue.

The wizard then displays a brief overview of Hyper-V. Additionally, it is necessary to know the network device that will be used as a virtual switch.

It is then possible to select the network adapter as a network switch. Therefore, it is necessary to mark one to guarantee the connectivity of the virtual machine.

In the following screen it is possible to configure Hyper-V to support live migration of virtual machines. That is, without having to shut down the server.

Now it’s time to set the default Hyper-V routes. It is also possible to modify them according to the administrator’s taste.

Now the wizard shows a summary of the role that will be installed. Press Install to begin the task:

The installation process will begin immediately:

Finally, it is necessary to restart the server to save the changes.

After restarting the server, you will see the Hyper-V manager available from the start menu.

Clicking on it will display the administration console:

How to install Hyper-V in Windows Server 2019 from PowerShell

On the other hand, it is possible to install this role on the server using PowerShell. With this intention, open a PowerShell with administrator privileges and run the following command:

Install-WindowsFeature -Name Hyper-V -IncludeManagementTools

Installing Hyper-V using DISM

Deployment Image Servicing and Management is a tool integrated into the server with which we manage the system images. It also allows, to install Hyper-V. To use this method, you need to open a PowerShell as an administrator and run the following command:

dism /Online /Enable-Feature /FeatureName:Microsoft-Hyper-V /All

In any case, you have to restart the server to see the established changes. Ultimately we have seen how to install Hyper-V on Windows Server. In addition, we studied the graphic mode and through PowerShell. All right, that’s it for now. Bye!

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Install Docker on OpenSUSE

An essential reason for installing a docker is the handling and execution of containers. This brings as a main advantage that we can deploy applications without worrying about the dependencies or the system that runs it.

On the other hand, we will be able to create our own images of our applications and these will be able to be installed in any system with Docker.

OpenSUSE is a community operating system sponsored by SUSE. However, it is quite robust, reliable and secure and that is why it is used on many servers worldwide.

So let’s go for it.

First, open a terminal session and update the system.

:~$ sudo zypper up

This will cause all pending security patches to be installed and it is a good idea to do this before starting any installation.

Fortunately, Docker and Docker-compose are available from the official OpenSUSE repositories. While it is not the latest version, it is a fairly stable version that guarantees us functionality.

So run the following command:

:~$ sudo zypper in docker docker-compose

Accept the installation and then the process will begin.

Testing the installation

Once the installation has been successfully completed, the first thing to do is to start the Docker service.

:~$ sudo systemctl start docker

And then, you can check the status of the service to make sure it’s working properly.

:~$ sudo systemctl status docker

As you can see in the image, the service is running normally.

Also, if you want Docker to run as soon as the system starts, which is highly recommended, use this other command:

:~$ sudo systemctl enable docker

Now we can get a real example, check if Docker is ready for the job or not.

To do this we will use a test image that Docker puts at our disposal. You can execute it with the following command:

:~$ sudo docker run --rm hello-world

As you see in the image above. Docker’s installation has been successful.

To verify the current version of Docker, run the following command:

:~$ sudo docker version

However, if you want to use Docker without root privileges, just use the following command:

:~$ sudo usermod -aG docker $(whoami)

After that reboot the system and that is it. Docker is ready for the work.

Conclusion

Docker’s technology is a wonder if you work with large-scale servers. Its practicality when depleting applications makes it an alternative to virtual machines. And now you have learned to install it on OpenSUSE 15.2 / OpenSUSE 15.1.

So, you can also learn how to install Docker on other systems.

• If you are using Ubuntu: How to install Docker on Ubuntu 18.04?
• For CentOS 8: How to install Docker on CentOS 8?
• For CentOS 7: How to install Docker CE on CentOS 7?
• If you use Windows: How to install Docker in Windows 10?
• Or, if you are using Debian 10 or Ubuntu 20.04: How to install Docker on Ubuntu 20.04 / Debian 10?

So, please share this post with your friends and join our Telegram channel.

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Some advantages of VMware.

• Great 3D performance. It is compatible with DirectX 10.1 and OpenGL 3.3
• It supports huge virtual machines, with 16 virtual cores, 8 TB of storage, 64 GB of RAM, and 3 GB of graphics memory.
• Supports resolutions up to 4K UHD.
• Enables the creation of complex virtual networks.
• It allows the cloning of virtual machines.
• It allows taking snapshots to restore the virtual machine to a previous state.
• Compatible with virtual machines created in other programs.

How to download and install VMware Workstation Player

As mentioned, today we will analyze the free version of this software. With this intention, please follow this link. Currently, the most recent version is number 15.5.5. Additionally, the installation process is very simple and similar to any Windows app. However, let’s detail it. Once you have downloaded the file, double-click on it to start the installation.

You then accept the license agreement.

Then confirm the program installation path. You can also install the enhanced keyboard driver.

Now choose options to check for updates at program startup. At the same time you can join the user experience improvement program.

It then establishes aspects related to the direct access of the application.

After the preparations are done, press finish to start the installation.

After a few moments, the installation will be complete.

Creating our first virtual machine with VMware Workstation Player

All right, it’s time to create our first virtual machine. To do this, it is essential to have the ISO of the guest system. Once the program is launched, please click on Create a New Virtual Machine.

As mentioned, in this step the ISO of the operating system to be installed must be added. Additionally, the program has the option to use a DVD as installation media. Similarly, you can add the ISO later. In that case, the program will create a blank virtual hard disk.

VMware has a very intuitive wizard that determines the type of system to be virtualized. However, sometimes it is unable to do this so you must indicate it manually.

Then assign the name to the virtual machine and its location.

Then specify the size of the virtual hard disk. Please note that it has to be smaller than the size of the physical disk itself.

Finally, the virtual machine is ready to be created. Please note that the VMware wizard is very intuitive and assigns the settings automatically. In fact, it does this by taking into account the characteristics of the host and guest system. However, you can modify these values by clicking on Customize Hardware.

If you choose the option to customize hardware, then you will see the following window where you can modify the values to your liking.

Ultimately, the virtual machine is ready to be launched.

VMware Workstation Player running Linux Mint 19.3 en Windows 10

Conclusion

At the end of the day, we saw how to install and use VMware on Windows 10. This is an interesting option to virtualize other systems within Windows. Consequently, it is possible to test them without actually installing them on the computer. Well, that’s it for now. See you soon!

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Docker on the “new” world

Before Docker, the basic way to distribute applications on a server was through a virtual machine. I explain, if you developed an application that required a certain library in Debian 8 and you had to deploy it on a server, the most logical solution was to create a virtual machine with Debian 8. This was a small problem, having a virtual machine for one or two applications is not adequate. On the other hand, the server had to move several systems at once.

Now with Docker, you can “package” that application and its dependencies in the form of a container. These containers are distributed in the form of images that are interpreted by Docker on the server and can run independently of the system where it was built.

Likewise, Docker has port and volume isolation to increase security and integrity between the image and the host system.

Now, we are going to install Docker on Ubuntu 20.04 / Debian 10.

Install Docker on Ubuntu 20.04 / Debian 10

To perform this tutorial, it is necessary to have a user who has access to sudo or to have the password of the root user. Remember that we are going to do an installation.

On the other hand, the server or computer must have SSH enabled. Although if you have installed Debian 10 Buster with our tutorial, it should already be working.

1.- Add the Docker Repository

The easiest and safest way to install Docker on Ubuntu 20.04 / Debian 10 is to use the official Docker repository. This way, we will save time but we will also have Docker updated in an easy and secure way. So this is the officially recommended option.

Before adding the repository, first, you have to install some necessary packages. In a terminal session, run the following command:

:~$ sudo apt install apt-transport-https  ca-certificates curl gnupg2 software-properties-common

The next step is to add the official GPG key to the repository. This ensures that downloaded packages are not compromised.

For Debian 10:

:~$ curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/debian/gpg | sudo apt-key add -
OK

For Ubuntu 20.04:

:~$ curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg | sudo apt-key add -
Ok

Using this repository you can install the test and nightly versions. However, we will use the stable channel to perform the installation.

For Debian 10:

:~$ sudo add-apt-repository "deb [arch=amd64] https://download.docker.com/linux/debian/ $(lsb_release -cs) stable"

For Ubuntu 20.04:

:~$ sudo add-apt-repository "deb [arch=amd64] https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/ $(lsb_release -cs) stable"

2.- Install Docker CE on Ubuntu 20.04 / Debian 10

Now that the Docker repository is added correctly, we will be able to update the APT cache.

:~$ sudo apt update

Now, using the following command we can install Docker.

:~$ sudo apt install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io

Note: If you have several Docker repositories enabled APT will always choose the newest version and this is a stability problem because It would prefer a beta version to a stable one.

3.- Test the Docker installation

First, we verify that the Docker service is correctly started with this command:

:~$ sudo systemctl start docker

If you want Docker starts at the booting:

:~$ sudo systemctl enable docker

Next, check the service status:

:~$ sudo systemctl status docker

As you can see, the Docker service is working properly.

Finally, run the docker hello-world.

:~$ sudo docker run hello-world

So, Docker is ready for the action.

Conclusion

Docker’s technology is a wonder if you work with large-scale servers. Its practicality when depleting applications makes it an alternative to virtual machines. And now you have learned to install it on Ubuntu 20.04 / Debian 10.

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What is Podman?

Docker bases all its operation on a process (daemon) that manages the containers. This process is getting bigger and bigger over time and this can be a problem. So Podman uses the fork/exec model that allows it to run using a smaller amount of resources.

The main driver of the project is Red Hat that has seen how in this distribution and the derivatives like CentOS have been replaced Docker with Podman. However, the images and many commands are compatible which reduces the learning curve.

One of the main differences is the path where Podman saves the images.

So in short, Podman is a container integration engine. It allows you to manage them in much the same way as Docker. So it’s a simple transition.

Installing Podman on OpenSUSE 15.1

Podman has strong documentation where they explain, among other things, how to install it from the source code. However, let’s do a search within the official OpenSUSE repositories to see.

So, open a terminal session or connect to your server using SSH.

:~$ sudo zypper search podman
Loading repository data…
 Reading installed packages…
 S | Name              | Summary                                                               | Type   
 --+-------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+--------
   | podman            | Daemon-less container engine for managing containers, pods and images | package
   | podman-cni-config | Basic CNI configuration for podman                                    | packageLoading repository data…
 Reading installed packages…
 S | Name              | Summary                                                               | Type   
 --+-------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+--------
   | podman            | Daemon-less container engine for managing containers, pods and images | package
   | podman-cni-config | Basic CNI configuration for podman                                    | package

As we can see in the image and in the standard output, Podman is in the official OpenSUSE 15.1 repositories, so it is best to install it from there as there are no external pre-compiled binaries.

To do this, just use the following command:

:~$ sudo zypper in podman
Loading repository data…
 Reading installed packages…
 Resolving package dependencies…
 The following 16 NEW packages are going to be installed:
   catatonit cni cni-plugins criu libcontainers-common libnet9 libostree-1-1 libprotobuf-c1 libpython2_7-1_0 podman podman-cni-config python2-ipaddr python2-protobuf
   python-base runc slirp4netns
 The following 3 recommended packages were automatically selected:
   cni-plugins criu podman-cni-config
 16 new packages to install.
 Overall download size: 36,1 MiB. Already cached: 0 B. After the operation, additional 138,7 MiB will be used.
 Continue? y/n/v/…? shows all options:

At the end of the installation, Podman will be ready for work.

Testing Podman on OpenSUSE 15.1

The installation has been completed but we are going to test the operation.

To do so, I will download the image of Alpine. It is light and simple and will help us to test the operation of Podman.

:~$ sudo podman pull alpine
Trying to pull docker.io/alpine:latest…Getting image source signatures
 Copying blob c9b1b535fdd9: 2.67 MiB / 2.67 MiB [============================] 8s
 Copying config e7d92cdc71fe: 1.48 KiB / 1.48 KiB [==========================] 0s
 Writing manifest to image destination
 Storing signatures
 e7d92cdc71feacf90708cb59182d0df1b911f8ae022d29e8e95d75ca6a99776a

To check all the images that are downloaded to the system, execute the following command:

:~$ sudo podman images 
REPOSITORY                 TAG      IMAGE ID       CREATED       SIZE
 docker.io/library/alpine   latest   e7d92cdc71fe   5 weeks ago   5.86 MB

And finally, run Alpine’s image. Once inside the image, run a command to prove we’re at Alpine:

:~$ sudo podman run -it --rm docker.io/library/alpine /bin/sh
/ # cat /etc/os-release 
NAME="Alpine Linux"
ID=alpine
VERSION_ID=3.11.3
PRETTY_NAME="Alpine Linux v3.11"
HOME_URL="https://alpinelinux.org/"
BUG_REPORT_URL="https://bugs.alpinelinux.org/"
/ #

So, Podman is ready for the job.

Conclusion

Podman emerges as an alternative to Docker. As I always say, the competition only benefits the user and if Podman improves on the already excellent one made by Docker then it is welcome. So we’ll keep track of the project and now you know how to install it in OpenSUSE 15.1

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