Apache Tomcat

Java and its multipurpose language and that make it so good and useful to learn. Well, after coding your web application, it gets to the point where you have to deploy it. To do this, it requires a server that can interpret that Java code. Remember that we are talking about web applications. And to deploy and serve it, nothing like Apache Tomcat.

Estricatemente speaking Tomcat is not a server but transforms the caught JPS into servlets that can serve the application in question.

On the other hand, Apache Tomcat is open source and can be installed on any system running Java.

Install Apache Tomcat on Ubuntu 20.04 / Debian 10

1) Install and configure Java on Ubuntu 20.04 / Debian 10

Apache Tomcat is an application made with Java. Therefore, the first step is to install Java on Debian 10.

Open a terminal session and run the following:

:~$ sudo apt install default-jre default-jdk

Then, check the java version.

:~$ java --version
openjdk 11.0.3 2019-04-16
OpenJDK Runtime Environment (build 11.0.3+7-post-Debian-5)
OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM (build 11.0.3+7-post-Debian-5, mixed mode, sharing)

As you can see, Java version 11 has been installed. It is one of the most recent and with very good support.

Now, you have to modify the /etc/environment file and add the Java path.

:~$ sudo nano /etc/environment

And add the following:

JAVA_HOME="/usr/lib/jvm/java-11-openjdk-amd64/"

Save the changes and close the file.

The next step is to edit the .bashrc file and add the following:

:~$ sudo nano .bashrc

export JAVA_HOME="/usr/lib/jvm/java-11-openjdk-amd64/"
export PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH

Again, save the changes and close the file.

Next, refresh the bash.

:~$ source .bashrc

Now, type this command to test the Java path.

:~$ echo $JAVA_HOME
/usr/lib/jvm/java-11-openjdk-amd64/bin/java

So, if you got the Java path from your computer, everything is correct.

2) Install Apache Tomcat on Ubunut 20.04 / Debian 10

For security reasons, it is convenient to create a new user for Tomcat. Also, add it to a group called tomcat.

:~$ sudo -i
:~# groupadd tomcat
:~# useradd -s /bin/false -g tomcat -d /opt/tomcat tomcat

Now we can install Apache Tomcat. To do this, go to the /opt/ folder and download with wget.

:~# cd /opt/
:~# wget -c https://downloads.apache.org/tomcat/tomcat-9/v9.0.39/bin/apache-tomcat-9.0.39.tar.gz
--2020-10-28 19:23:24-- https://downloads.apache.org/tomcat/tomcat-9/v9.0.39/bin/apache-tomcat-9.0.39.tar.gz
Resolving downloads.apache.org (downloads.apache.org)... 88.99.95.219, 2a01:4f8:10a:201a::2
Connecting to downloads.apache.org (downloads.apache.org)|88.99.95.219|:443... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 11282879 (11M) [application/x-gzip]
Saving to: ‘apache-tomcat-9.0.39.tar.gz’
apache-tomcat-9.0.39.tar.gz 100%[=====================================================================================>] 10.76M 157KB/s in 1m 49s
2020-10-28 19:25:15 (101 KB/s) - ‘apache-tomcat-9.0.39.tar.gz’ saved [11282879/11282879]

Then, decompress it and rename the folder.

:~# tar -xzvf apache-tomcat-9.0.39.tar.gz
:~# mv apache-tomcat-9.0.39 tomcat

After that, you need to change the owner of the folder and assign the required permissions so that it can run smoothly. Remember that now, we are using the root user.

:~# chown -R tomcat:tomcat /opt/tomcat/
:~# chmod +x /opt/tomcat/bin/*

Now, on the .bashrc file add the CATALINA_HOME path.

:~# nano ~/.bashrc
export CATALINA_HOME=/opt/tomcat

Save the changes and close the file.

Then, refresh bash.

:~# source ~/.bashrc

After that, we can run Apache Tomcat. To do it, just type this command:

:~# /opt/tomcat/bin/startup.sh

Next, open your web browser ad go http://your-server:8080. And you will see this.

If you want to set a password to improve security of the manager web app. So, open the tomcat-users.xml

:~# nano /opt/tomcat/conf/tomcat-users.xml

In the tomcat-user section, you have to add the username and password.

<role rolename="manager-gui"/>
<user username="XXXXXX" password="XXXXXXX" roles="manager-gui,admin-gui"/>

Of course, replace the password for yours.

Then, restart Tomcat.

:~# ./shutdown.sh
:~# ./startup.sh

And go to the web browser again. Next, refresh the page. And that is it.

Conclusion

Apache Tomcat is the best solution to deploy and serve web applications made with Java. So if you program in Java, you should learn how to manipulate Tomcat. As you have learned in this post, it is not very complex to learn how to install it in  Ubuntu 20.04 / Debian 10.

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Prerequisites. Install Java Development Kit JDK.

As we have mentioned, Tomcat is a software developed in Java. For that reason, it is mandatory to download and install JDK in order to run it. With that in mind please go to the download page. You need to have an Oracle account, but don’t worry it’s a fast and free process.

Once you have downloaded the installer, please double click on it to start the process.

Adding environment variables.

To ensure the proper functioning of the server, it is necessary to add Java to the Windows environment variables. If you don’t know how to do this, please check out our article on Wget in Windows 10. First, create a variable with the name JAVA_HOME and use the address where JDK was installed: C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_231

Then create another environment variable with the name JAVA_JRE. In this case, use the following address: C:\Program Files\Java\jre1.8.0_231

Installing Apache Tomcat

Once JDK is installed and configured, it is time to install Tomcat. With that intention go to the program page and download the latest Windows Service installer. At the time of publication of this article, the version is 9.0.27.

After downloading the installer, proceed to run it. Press Next to continue.

Then choose the components to install. You can select the ones you want, but I recommend that you do a full installation.

In the next window, you will see the configuration options. You can leave almost everything by default. Just keep in mind that the ports must be free. In addition, add a username and password.

Now select the path where JDK is installed.

Now set the installation path for Apache Tomcat.

Once all the configurations have been completed, the installation process will begin.

Finally, the wizard will have finished its work, and we will have Tomcat installed in the system.

Now, to test that the server is properly installed and running, please open a web browser. Then go to this address: http://localhost:8080/ If you’ve done everything right, the page should look like this:

Conclusion.

Ultimately we have seen how to install Tomcat on Windows 10/Server. The procedure with the installer is very intuitive and easy to use. In addition, the wizard installs Tomcat as a Windows service. So no additional configuration is required. You only need to have installed and preconfigured Java Development Kit. This is all for now, see you soon.

The post How to install Apache Tomcat on Windows 10/Server. appeared first on Linux Windows and android Tutorials.

Installing XAMMP on Windows 10

To start, we must go to XAMMP site in order to download the last package ( 7.3.7 / PHP 7.3.7).

Next, we have to run the executable file. If the User Account Control (UAC) has been activated, then a warning sign will appear. In this case, all we have to do is not to install the program into C:\Program File, or simply deactivate UAC.

Obviously, all of the conscious users have an antivirus program running in his PCs, but maybe it can slow down or interfere with the software´s installation. We recommend deactivating antivirus until setup finishes its work.

Now we are ready to start the installation

In the next window, we have to select all the components to install, it is very recommendable to choose it all. Please select Next to continue.

Select the destination folder to install. Regarding UAC issue, is highly recommend to install on C unit. Please select Next to continue.

The following screen provides information about the application installers for XAMPP created by Bitnami. Please select Next to continue.

Once prerequisites have been satisfied, setup finally will begin to unpack and install XAMPP.

During the installation, a Windows firewall notice will be displayed to authorize Apache to communicate on private or public networks. Mark private network and click Next to continue.

Finally, the setup has completed the installation and we can start de Control Panel

XAMPP first running

Choose the software´s language.

The XAMPP icon will appear in the lower right corner of the screen. We double click on it to open the Control Panel.

By default, only the tomcat module will start, and the rest will remain stopped. In the panel, we need to press start to activate it and authorize the connection through the firewall.

Testing XAMPP on Windows Server

Once we have the Apache server running, we can test the XAMPP dashboard, typing localhost in the browser bar.

Finally, XAMPP has been successfully installed in the system. From now on if we want to start it, we just have to access the installation path, C: \ xampp and click on xampp-control. For convenience, we can create a shortcut to the desktop, and start it from there

Well, this has been everything for today, as we can see the installation process is very simple. So, you know how to install Xampp on Windows server. Enjoy it.

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In short, Apache Tomcat executes Java servlets and renders Web pages that include Java Server Page coding. It constitutes a base element for the development with Java. It is very popular and it is open source.

This time I will install using CentOS 7, which is a Red Hat-based Linux distribution for use on Servers.

What you need

The process is very simple and you should not take long to do it, but it is good that you know that there are some small requirements to successfully complete this tutorial.

• A server with CentOS 7 installed and allowing access via ssh.
• A basic knowledge about the use of commands in the terminal.
• A user who allows commands to be run as root. Or root access.

I think this will be enough for you to do everything without problems.

Let’s get to work.

1. Upgrade the system

In order to have the latest security patches, it is necessary to update the system completely. Also with this, you will have a more secure server and in many cases faster. Run as root user:

:~# yum update

That’s enough.

2.- Install Java

To install Apache Tomcat you first need to install Java because it is a dependency. To do this, type the following:

:~# yum install java-1.8.0-openjdk.x86_64 java-1.8.0-openjdk-devel.x86_64

Next, check the installed Java version.

:~# java -version

As you can see, Java was correctly installed. This was done because Apache Tomcat 9 requires at least Java 8.

3. Install Apache Tomcat 9

Go to the official Apache Tomcat site and download the latest stable version.

Of course, you are working on a server, the best is to get the link directly and run:

:~# cd /opt/
:~# wget http://ftp.wayne.edu/apache/tomcat/tomcat-9/v9.0.12/bin/apache-tomcat-9.0.12.zip

Now proceed to decompress it.

:~# unzip apache-tomcat-9.0.12.zip

Then, rename the decompressed file to a simpler one.

:~# mv apache-tomcat-9.0.12 tomcat

Next, you have to set the CATALINA_HOME environment variable.

:~# echo "export CATALINA_HOME='/opt/tomcat/'" >> ~/.bashrc
:~# source ~/.bashrc

If you are going to install Apache Tomcat on a public server, then it is preferable to create a new system user to run it.

:~# useradd -r tomcat --shell /bin/false

Then, it changes the ownership of the folder to that of the new user. I named it to tomcat.

:~# chown -R tomcat:tomcat /opt/tomcat/

4. Making Apache Tomcat as a service

To properly handle Apache Tomcat, it is a good idea to create a file that is made by a system service. This way you can start it, restart it or stop it in a simpler way. Run:

:~# nano /etc/systemd/system/tomcat.service

And put the following:

[Unit]
Description=Apache Tomcat 9
After=syslog.target network.target

[Service]
User=tomcat
Group=tomcat
Type=forking
Environment=CATALINA_PID=/opt/tomcat/tomcat.pid
Environment=CATALINA_HOME=/opt/tomcat
Environment=CATALINA_BASE=/opt/tomcat
ExecStart=/opt/tomcat/bin/startup.sh
ExecStop=/opt/tomcat/bin/shutdown.sh
Restart=on-failure

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

Save and close the file. Now run:

:~# systemctl daemon-reload

5. Create an Apache Tomcat user account

To access Tomcat Manager, you have to create a new user. The process is simple, you have to edit the file /opt/tomcat/conf/tomcat-users.xml.

:~# nano /opt/tomcat/conf/tomcat-users.xml

And add the following:

<role rolename="admin-gui"/>
<user username="admin" password="PASSWORD" roles="manager-gui,admin-gui"/>
</tomcat-users>

Remember to change “PASSWORD” for your real password.

6. Starting the service and accessing through a web browser

Now you can start the Apache Tomcat service. Then check its status and finally access it from the web browser.

Now, you can start Apache Tomcat either using systemctl or from its own script.

:~# sh /opt/tomcat/bin/startup.sh

Now go to http://IP_SERVER/manage/html and log in with your username and your password.

Conclusion

Apache Tomcat is a vital tool for Java development and its installation is really simple on Linux and CentOS 7.

Let us know about you, Java programs? what is your experience with Tomcat? Did you find the tutorial easy?

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At the same time, Tomcat also implements JavaServer Pages, Java Expression Language, and Java WebSocket technologies. The Java Servlet, JavaServer Pages, Java Expression Language, and Java WebSocket specifications are developed under the Java Community Process. The Apache Tomcat software is developed in an open and participatory environment and released under the Apache License version 2.

Recently was published version 9.0.12, it is a revision and maintenance version. For this reason, the most notable changes are:

• Fix multiple issues associated with using the asynchronous Servlet API in combination with HTTP/2.
• Add recursion to rewrite substitution parsing.
• Expand the information in the documentation web application regarding the use of CATALINA_HOME and CATALINA_BASE. Patch provided by Marek Czernek.

Today I will show you how to install Tomcat in Ubuntu 18.04.

1.- Install and Configure Java

In the first place, you must install Java. For this, you need a user with administrator privileges. Open a terminal and run:

:~$ sudo apt install openjdk-8-jdk

After installing it, it is necessary to configure the system to run a Java version by default.

:~$ sudo update-alternatives --config java

You should pay attention to the directory where Java is installed. In this case /usr/lib/jvm/java-8-openjdk-amd64/jre/bin/java for OpenJDK 8.

Now you must configure the Java environment. With this in mind, edit the file /etc/environment

:~$ sudo nano /etc/environment

And add the following:

JAVA_HOME="/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-openjdk-amd64/jre/bin/java"

Remember to edit correctly the location of Java, on the contrary, will not work the new configuration.

Next you have to edit the ~/.bashrc file.

:~$ nano ~/.bashrc

At the end of the file add the following:

export JAVA_HOME="/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-openjdk-amd64/jre/bin/java"
export PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH

Again, don’t forget to edit the Java location for yours.

When finished, recharge the bash.

:~$ source ~/.bashrc

Finally, it shows the JAVA_HOME directory to check that everything went well.

2. It’s time: install Tomcat

To install Tomcat in a good way, it is a good idea to do it with a separate group and user. For that reason, run as root:

:~$ sudo -i
:~# groupadd tomcat
:~# useradd -s /bin/false -g tomcat -d /opt/tomcat tomcat

Now, download Tomcat binaries in the /opt/ directory:

:~$ cd /opt/
:~$ wget http://www-us.apache.org/dist/tomcat/tomcat-9/v9.0.12/bin/apache-tomcat-9.0.12.tar.gz

Then decompress the file. Then rename the downloaded folder for convenience.

:~#  tar -xzvf apache-tomcat-9.0.12.tar.gz
:~#  mv apache-tomcat-9.0.12 tomcat

Remember that you are working as a root user, for this reason, the folders will not have permissions for the rest of the users and this will cause problems. Change the owner of the folder and give it appropriate permissions to all binaries files:

:~# chown -R $tomcat:$tomcat /opt/tomcat/
:~# chmod +x /opt/tomcat/bin/*

Then you must configure the Catalina tomcat servlet container environment by editing the ~/.bashrc file.

:~# nano ~/.bashrc

And add the following:

export CATALINA_HOME=/opt/tomcat

However, for all these changes to work, you must reload the bash:

:~# source ~/.bashrc

The moment of truth has come. Run Tomcat.

:~# /opt/tomcat/bin/startup.sh

Now you can go to your web browser and access from the server’s IP address and port 8080.

3.Set a password for the user

You already have Tomcat installed, but to access the web manager you must configure the user’s password. To do this, you must modify the file tomcat-users.xml.

:~# nano /opt/tomcat/conf/tomcat-users.xml

And in the section tomcat-users adds the following:

<role rolename="manager-gui"/>
<user username="XXXXXX" password="XXXXXXX" roles="manager-gui,admin-gui"/>

Of course, change your username and password for yours.

Now, shutdown the server and start it again:

:~# ./shutdown.sh
:~# ./startup.sh

And go to http://IP_SERVER:8080/manager/html, where you will be asked for a username and password.

And finally, you’ll access the Tomcat server management application.

As you can see, the installation is complete and you can start using the Tomcat for your needs.

The installation is really simple but you should have a little knowledge about the use of the terminal.

Tell us, what do you think about Tomcat? Have you used it?

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