0. What we need

First of all, we need two Debian 10 teams. Both must have a static IP address and a defined hostname. Also, they have a partition defined for replication of the same size. Then, be connected to the same network and that the Firewall allows connections through the DRBD network port. In short, this will be our environment.

Node 1:

• IP address: 192.168.250.100
• Hostname: osradar1
• OS: Debian 10
• Disk: /dev/sda
• Partition to replicate: /dev/sda2

Node 2:

• IP address: 192.168.250.110
• Hostname: osradar2
• OS: Debian 10
• Disk: /dev/sda
• Partition to replicate: /dev/sda2

Each node must have a /dev/sda2/ partition of at least several GB in size.

1) Install DRBD on Debian 10

DRBD is available in the official repositories of the distribution. So the installation is not complicated.

On both nodes, run the following command:

:~$ sudo apt install drbd-utils

Of course, DRBD incorporates a module that has to be loaded into the kernel. In both nodes, it has to be loaded. To do this, run the following command:

:~$ sudo modprobe drbd

Then, check the module was added.

:~$ lsmod | grep drbd

2) Configure DRBD

The package is already installed and the module loaded to the kernel. Now it remains to make the appropriate settings for the replication to be a success.

DRBD has the particularity of being flexible, that is, the configuration file has many options that we can manipulate and adapt to our needs.

However, it is recommended to make a backup of the configuration file before starting to work on it.

:~$ sudo cp /etc/drbd.conf /etc/drbd.conf.bak

Then, erase the entire file.

:~$ sudo cat /dev/null > /etc/drbd.conf

Now, you need to edit the configuration file:

:~$ sudo nano /etc/drbd.conf

And add the following:

global { usage-count no; }
common { syncer { rate 100M; } }
resource r0 {
        protocol C;
        startup {
                wfc-timeout  15;
                degr-wfc-timeout 60;
        }
        net {
                cram-hmac-alg sha1;
                shared-secret "secret";
        }
        on osradar1 {
                device /dev/drbd0;
                disk /dev/sda2;
                address 192.168.250.100:7788;
                meta-disk internal;
        }
        on osradar2 {
                device /dev/drbd0;
                disk /dev/sda2;
                address 192.168.0.110:7788;
                meta-disk internal;
        }
}

The truth is that I think that many of the options are very explicit but I will briefly explain the most important ones.

In global and common some global configurations are defined to both nodes and resources.

Then, in the resource section, we define the name. In this case r0, of course, you can modify it. Next, in protocol, startup, and net, specific configurations to the resource.

Then, there is the configuration in each node identified by the hostname. In each of them, we define the DRBD device and the partition we are going to replicate (disk). Also, the IP address of the node as well as the communication port.

As you can see it is not very complex or long to understand.

3) Start DRBD on Debian 10

Remember this same file must be on both nodes. Then, in both nodes run the following commands to start the DRBD service.

:~$ sudo systemctl stop drbd
:~$ sudo drbdadm create-md r0
:~$ sudo drbdadm attach r0

Remember that isr0 the name of the resource. You can change it in the configuration file.

After that, you can start the service.

:~$ sudo systemctl start drbd

And set which node will be the master. In this case, the node1 will be the master. So, in the node1 run this command:

:~$ sudo drbdadm -- --overwrite-data-of-peer primary all

With that, we should have an effective replication. It would be enough to create a new file system and mount it.

:~$ sudo mkfs.ext4 /dev/drbd0
:~$ sudo mkdir /testdata
:~$ sudo mount /dev/drbd0 /testdata

There, you can create new files. And that is it.

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GlusterFS is a multi-scalable file system for NAS initially developed by Gluster Inc. A Gluster would allow us to connect two machines that will write simultaneously on the same disc, agreeing on the writer.

Most of the GlusterFS functionalities are implemented as translators, including:

• Mirroring and file replication.
• Fragmentation of the files or Data striping.
• Load balancing for reading and writing files.
• Fault-tolerant volumes.
• I/O planning and disk caching.
• The storage quotas.

So, in this post, we will use two nodes, one server, and one client.

0. What do we need?

For this tutorial, we will use two nodes. The first one will do the server functions. Here is the partition we want to replicate. The other will be the client and will contain the partition where the data will be replicated.

On Node 1 (Server):

• Hostname: gluster1.osradar.local
• O.S:  Debian 10
• Memory: 1gb
• Ip Address: 192.168.250.200
• Disk: 8gb /dev/sda

On Node 2:

• Hostname: gluster2.osradar.local
• O.S:  Debian 10
• Memory: 1gb
• Ip Address: 192.168.250.210
• Disk: 8gb /dev/sda

So, let us start.

1) Configure DNS on both nodes

In both nodes, it is necessary to edit the hosts file to indicate them that they will work with nodes in network communicated with an IP address and a hostname.

Open the terminal on both nodes and run the following:

:~$ su
:~# nano /etc/hosts

And add the following:

192.168.250.200 gluster1.osradar.local gluster1
192.168.250.210 gluster2.osradar.local gluster2

Save the changes and exit the text editor.

2) Install GlusterFS on Debian (Both nodes)

Then install GlusterFS on both nodes. The good thing is that it’s in the official Debian repositories, so it’s pretty easy to do.

On the terminal, run the following:

:~# apt install glusterfs-server

Then, start and check the service status.

:~# systemctl start glusterd
:~# systemctl status glusterd
● glusterd.service - GlusterFS, a clustered file-system server
Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/glusterd.service; disabled; vendor preset: enabled)
Active: active (running) since Thu 2019-08-08 15:22:29 EDT; 27s ago
Docs: man:glusterd(8)
Process: 8708 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/glusterd -p /run/glusterd.pid --log-level $LOG_LEVEL $GLUSTERD_OPTIONS (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Main PID: 8709 (glusterd)
Tasks: 8 (limit: 893)
Memory: 2.8M
CGroup: /system.slice/glusterd.service
└─8709 /usr/sbin/glusterd -p /run/glusterd.pid --log-level INFO

Aug 08 15:22:26 osradar systemd[1]: Starting GlusterFS, a clustered file-system server...
Aug 08 15:22:29 osradar systemd[1]: Started GlusterFS, a clustered file-system server.

So, GLusterFS is running.

3) Add storage on both nodes

In this post, we are assuming that both nodes have a secondary hard disk in /dev/sdb of 8Gb. However, you have to create a partition and format it with a file system.

For this, I will use fdisk and its commands to make the partition.

:~# exit
:~$ sudo fdisk /dev/sda

Write these options to create the partition.

Command (m for help): n
Select (default p): p
Partition number (1-4, default 1): 1
press enter
press enter
Command (m for help): p
Command (m for help): w

Remember replace /dev/sdb by your disk.

Then, format the partition. After that, create a folder and mount the partition on it.

:~$ sudo mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda1
:~$ sudo mkdir -p /data/glusterfs
:~$ sudo mount /dev/sdb1 /data/glusterfs

It is recommended to make the partition automate at the beginning of the system. So for that, add this line to fstab.

:~$ echo "/dev/sdb1 /data/glusterfs ext4 defaults 0 0" | sudo tee --append /etc/fstab

4) Creating a GlusterFS volume on Debian 10

Now it is necessary to create a new GlusterFS volume. But first, tell node 1 that node 2 is reliable. Simply put, add it to the cluster.

On node 1:

:~$ sudo gluster peer probe gluster2.osradar.local
peer probe: success.

Now check that it has been added correctly.

:~$ sudo gluster peer status
:~$ sudo gluster pool list

Then on both node create the folder and the volume.

:~$ sudo mkdir -p /data/glusterfs/glustervolume

On Node 1 create the volume:

:~$ sudo gluster volume create glusterfsvolume replica 2 gluster1.osradar.local:/data/glusterfs/glustervolume gluster2.osradar.local:/data/glusterfs/glustervolume
volume create: glusterfsvolume: success: please start the volume to access data

Now start the new volume:

:~$ sudo gluster volume start glusterfsvolume
volume start: glusterfsvolume: success

The configuration on the server is ready.

5) Install GlusterFS on Debian 10 (Client)

On the server-side everything is done, just do a little configuration on the client.

First, install the glusterfs package.

:~# apt install glusterfs-client

Then, create a folder to locate the GlusterFS volume data. After this, mount the volume.

:~# mkdir -p /mnt/glusterfsvolume
:~# mount -t glusterfs gluster1.osradar.local:/glusterfsvolume /mnt/glusterfsvolume

Remember open the right ports and incoming host.

It is recommended to have it automatically mounted to have immediate availability. You can do it with the following command:

:~# echo "gluster1.osradar.local:/glusterfsvolume /mnt/glusterfsvolume/ glusterfs  defaults,_netdev 0 0" | tee --append /etc/fstab

And that is it. You can start to replicate. To test it, just create some files in the volume folders and see how they replicate on the other server and on the client.

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