Git functions.

Before we go any further, let’s take a look at some Git features:

• Frictionless context switching
• Role-based workflow
• Role-based lines of code

How to install Git on Windows 11

The first thing we have to do is to validate the availability of Git on the system. With this in mind, we will use a system token. To complete this, click on the search icon and enter the term CMD.

Once the console is displayed, please run git and verify that it is not available.

Downloading and installing Git.

The first thing you have to do is to go to the official Git page. Once there, please select the Windows version.

After downloading the file, you have to run it to start the installation. With this in mind, approve the system warning signal. Next, the installation process will begin. Please click Next.

In the next window, please define the path where Git will be installed.

By clicking Next, you will choose the components to use with Git. Indeed, you can create shortcuts, associate .sh or .git files, support large LFS files and more.

The wizard also allows you to set a name for the shortcut.

Configuring the installation options

Recall that Git requires an editor. Therefore, the program assigns its default editor. In fact, the software uses the editor by Vim. However, this is an editor that can be complex to use. Consequently, we will display the available options.

Next, we will select Notepad as the default Git editor in Windows 11.

There are certainly other editors available. However, they require additional downloads. In addition, this option can be modified at a later time. Next, we define the name of the repository. By default, in the first use, the master repository will be used. However, it is possible to set a custom name.

Next, it’s time to set up the ROUTE environment. The most conservative option limits the use of Git to Git Bash only. The second option allows managing these commands from Windows terminals and third-party solutions as well. Finally, Git and the optional Unix tools can be used from the command prompt. We recommend using the default option, which is the second one.

Next, define the SSH executable. Indeed, you can use the OpenSSH packaging that comes with Git. Or use an external OpenSSH. Please use the default option.

Setting Git variables

In the next window, we will define parameters related to HTTPS. In fact, you can choose the OpenSSL library. On the other hand, you can use the native Windows security library. We recommend you to use the OpenSSL library.

Now it is time to select the line ending conversion. Please select the UNIX converter. Indeed, this allows the interaction between the systems to be much more complete.

In this window, it is time to choose the terminal to use. Accordingly, we will use the MinTTY terminal for its design and versatility.

After pressing Next, it is time to configure the behavior of git pull. This is a command created to be able to manage files in a remote repository. So, we will leave it as default.

Now it is time to set up the credential system. We will use the system managed by Git.

Subsequently, we configure some extra options, such as system cache and symbolic links.

It is also possible to enable special functions for testing. If you are not sure what you are doing, it is better not to check the boxes. Pressing Install will start the process of installing Git on Windows 11.

The Git installation process will start immediately.

Checking the operation

After the installation is complete, please check the Launch Git Bash box.

As a result, the terminal will open:

From now on, it is possible to use Linux commands: cd, mkdir, ls.

Finally, we run git –version to see the version of Git used.

Okay, so we have seen how to install Git on Windows 11. So now you have this tool for development. See you soon!

The post How to install Git on Windows 11 appeared first on Linux Windows and android Tutorials.

Brief introduction to Apache Subversion

According to the website of this program:

Subversion is an open-source version control system. Founded in 2000 by CollabNet, Inc. the Subversion project and software have seen incredible success over the past decade. Subversion has enjoyed and continues to enjoy widespread adoption in both the open-source arena and the corporate world.

With the advent of Git, it has indeed fallen in use, but it is still important to many developers and projects worldwide. That’s why learning how to install it can be quite useful.

What does Subversion pretend to be? Subversion exists to be universally recognized and adopted as an open-source, centralized version control system characterized by its reliability as a haven for valuable data; the simplicity of its model and usage; and its ability to support the needs of a wide variety of users and projects, from individuals to large-scale enterprise operations.

So now we can get started.

Install Apache Subversion on Ubuntu 20.04

So, before we start, update your entire Linux distribution as follows:

sudo apt update
sudo apt upgrade

Then, install Apache and the apache2-utils package

sudo apt install apache2 apache2-utils

Check the status of the Apache service for any errors

sudo systemctl status apache2
● apache2.service - The Apache HTTP Server
     Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/apache2.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
     Active: active (running) since Thu 2021-08-12 17:24:56 CEST; 7s ago
       Docs: https://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/
   Main PID: 1872 (apache2)
      Tasks: 55 (limit: 2286)
     Memory: 5.6M
     CGroup: /system.slice/apache2.service
             ├─1872 /usr/sbin/apache2 -k start
             ├─1873 /usr/sbin/apache2 -k start
             └─1874 /usr/sbin/apache2 -k start

Aug 12 17:24:56 osradar systemd[1]: Starting The Apache HTTP Server...
Aug 12 17:24:56 osradar apachectl[1871]: AH00558: apache2: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 127.0.1.1. Set the 'ServerName'>ug 12 17:24:56 osradar systemd[1]: Started The Apache HTTP Server.

If everything is OK, then you can install the modules required by Subversion.

sudo apt install libapache2-mod-svn subversion-tools libsvn-dev
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
The following additional packages will be installed:
  libapr1-dev libaprutil1-dev libc-dev-bin libc6-dev libcrypt-dev libexpat1-dev libldap2-dev libsctp-dev libsctp1 libserf-1-1 libsvn1 libutf8proc2 linux-libc-dev
  subversion uuid-dev
Suggested packages:
  db5.3-util python glibc-doc manpages-dev lksctp-tools libserf-dev libsvn-doc zlib1g-dev ruby-svn svn2cl
Recommended packages:
  manpages-dev default-mta | mail-transport-agent libconfig-inifiles-perl libsvn-perl liburi-perl python-subversion
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  libapache2-mod-svn libapr1-dev libaprutil1-dev libc-dev-bin libc6-dev libcrypt-dev libexpat1-dev libldap2-dev libsctp-dev libsctp1 libserf-1-1 libsvn-dev libsvn1
  libutf8proc2 linux-libc-dev subversion subversion-tools uuid-dev
0 upgraded, 18 newly installed, 0 to remove and 29 not upgraded.
Need to get 9,473 kB of archives.
After this operation, 63.0 MB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n]

And then Subversion itself:

sudo apt install subversion

After that, enable the apache modules for Subversion

sudo a2enmod dav
sudo a2enmod dav_svn

In my case, they were already enabled, but better be sure.

Configuring Subversion for the first use

Subversion is already installed and running, but it is convenient to make some previous configurations.

The first thing to do is to create a username and password to secure access from the web.

To do this, run the following command:

sudo htpasswd -cm /etc/apache2/dav_svn.passwd admin
New password:
Re-type new password:
Adding password for user admin

You can replace admin with any username you want. The above command will prompt for the password of this new user.

Apply the changes by restarting Apache

sudo systemctl restart apache2

Now, you have to modify the configuration file of one of the Subversion modules for Apache

sudo nano /etc/apache2/mods-enabled/dav_svn.conf

And replace the content with the following:

Alias /svn /var/www/svn
<Location /svn>

    DAV svn
    SVNParentPath /var/www/svn

    AuthType Basic
    AuthName "Subversion Repository"
    AuthUserFile /etc/apache2/dav_svn.passwd
    Require valid-user

</Location>

Note: It is advisable then, to make a backup before

Save the changes and close the editor.

Now create a new folder for Subversion projects.

sudo mkdir /var/www/svn

Next, it is necessary to initialize the Subversion project.

sudo sudo svnadmin create /var/www/svn/[project-name]

Remember that you have to replace [project-name] with the name of your project as this will generate a folder.

Make Apache the owner of the project folder.

sudo chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www/svn

And assign the correct permissions:

sudo chmod -R 775 /var/www/svn

Now yes, you can see the change from apache and a web browser at the address http://ip-server/svn/project, and from now on you can work with Subversion.

Conclusion

Git is the clear market dominator but Subversion is a useful tool that adapts to other needs. So it is always convenient to know how to install it.

The post How to install Apache Subversion on Ubuntu 20.04? appeared first on Linux Windows and android Tutorials.

So, Git?

If you are starting to develop applications you may not know that Git is a free, open-source version control system and that it is perhaps the best. Many developers rely on it to control the versions of their applications. By versions, we mean those in development.

Using Git you can control and separate development in each of those development branches. So the changes of one do not affect the others.

Read Introduction to the Git branches.

In this way, it is good practice to develop applications using a version control system as support.

Install Git on Debian 11 / 10

Debian 10 is one of the few distributions that have such complete package repositories. So, presumably, there is some Git in the official repositories.

However, it is also a good idea, to know how to install Git differently in case we need it. This way is compiling the source code of Git and get the latest stable version. In this tutorial, I will teach you how to do it both ways.

1) Using the official repository on Debian 11 / 10

Debian 11 / 10 include Git in the official repositories. Using this option, the installation is quite easy, and just open a terminal session and run the following command:

:~$ sudo apt install git

Or, if you do not have sudo, please read How to enable sudo on Debian 11/10?

Then, you can check the installed version.

:~$ git --version
git version 2.30.2

Now, you can use it.

2) Building the Git source code

Compiling the Git source code is the best way to get the latest version. All this in a safe way because it will not be compiled by third parties.

The process is simple but requires a few extra steps. So let us get started.

First, install the necessary programs to make the compilation:

:~$ sudo apt install build-essential make libssl-dev libghc-zlib-dev libcurl4-gnutls-dev libexpat1-dev gettext unzip

Now, we can download the source code.

:~$ cd /tmp/
:~$ wget https://mirrors.edge.kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/git-2.33.0.tar.gz

Next, decompress it and access to the folder.

:~$ tar xvfz git-2.33.0.tar.gz
:~$ cd git-2.33.0

Now, you can start the compilation by running the following commands:

:~$ sudo make prefix=/usr/local all
:~$ sudo make prefix=/usr/local install

Next, check the installed version.

:~$ git --version

And that is it. You can start to use Git.

Conclusion

Git is one of those applications that every developer must be able to manage to improve their workflow. Therefore, it is important to install it in Debian 10 and two ways have been shown to achieve this. One of them is using the package available in the official repositories and the other is compiling the source code.

Please share this post and join our Telegram channel.

The post Install GIT on Debian 11 / 10 appeared first on Linux Windows and android Tutorials.

As time goes by, the versions of the programs that come in the repositories of the Linux distributions become old. Similarly, program developers often release new versions with new features or bug fixes and we miss them.

Git is a program with quite active development and that requires to be always updated to have news and security fixes. So it is better to do it. And the best way to do it is to compile the source code of the application yourself.

Let us get started.

Installing the latest version of GIT on Fedora 34/33?

A great way to get the latest stable version of any open source program is to compile the source code. Don’t be frightened by the word compile, in fact it’s pretty easy to do.

Open a terminal session and install the necessary libraries to compile GIT. Some are SSL, CURL, ZLIB and others.

:~$ sudo dnf install curl-devel expat-devel gettext-devel openssl-devel zlib-devel

In a normal Fedora 33 installation the basic compiling tools are not incorporated. These tools are necessary to comply with our tutorial. To install them, run the following command:

:~$ sudo dnf groupinstall "Development Tools"

We will now proceed to download the GIT source code using wget. So make sure you have it installed:

:~$ sudo dnf install wget

And then download the GIT source code. At the time of this tutorial, the most recent version is 2.31.1. But surely in the future, it will change.

:~$ wget https://mirrors.edge.kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/git-2.31.1.tar.gz

Then, unzip the file using tar.

:~$ tar -zxf git-2.31.1.tar.gz

A folder named git-2.31.1 will be created. Access it and start the process.

:~$ cd git-2.31.1
:~$ make prefix=/usr/local all

Finally, install it.

:~$ sudo make prefix=/usr/local install

So, that is it. Just use GIT and check the installed version.

:~$ git --version
git version 2.31.1

Conclusion

GIT is a basic application for a developer and getting the latest stable version is a great help to enjoy this tool to the fullest. Let’s think that this trial will become more valid when recent versions start to come out and the version of the official repositories becomes obsolete.

The post How to install the latest version of GIT on Fedora 34 / 33? appeared first on Linux Windows and android Tutorials.

Git is a free and open-source distributed version control system. It is perhaps the most popular within the branch as millions of developers use it to control software versions. Ease of use, community support, and efficient version control are the main features of Git. Also, it is open-source and free, which makes it ideal for all projects.

Why should I install a program from the source code?

The answer to this question can be summed up as efficiency. When we install a program from the source code, only what is necessary to work according to our system and hardware is installed. This makes it faster and more efficient.

On the other hand, there is a security issue. When a package comes already done and we install it, at the end we won’t know who compiled it and under what parameters it was done. This is not the end of the world because we know that in Linux, the repositories are quite taken care of by the developers of the distributions, but, indeed, it is not compiled specifically for us.

Therefore, if you are thinking of using it in a company or a personal project, compiling it can assure you even more efficiency and security.

Finally, learning to compile packages is a great help for working with Linux and can also be used in other areas.

Install Git from the source code on CentOS 8

The procedure is quite simple. First, open a terminal and update CentOS 8.

dnf update

Note in this post, we will use the root user. If your user can use sudo, you can run the commands with root privileges.

After that, install the required libraries and dependencies.

dnf install gettext-devel openssl-devel perl-CPAN perl-devel perl-devel zlib-devel gcc autoconf curl-devel expat-devel gettext-devel wget tar

Next, download the source code from Git. At the time of writing this post, the latest stable version is 2.30.1.

wget https://mirrors.edge.kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/git-2.30.1.tar.gz -O git.tar.gz
--2021-02-22 20:58:12--  https://mirrors.edge.kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/git-2.30.1.tar.gz
Resolving mirrors.edge.kernel.org (mirrors.edge.kernel.org)... 2604:1380:2001:3900::1, 147.75.101.1
Connecting to mirrors.edge.kernel.org (mirrors.edge.kernel.org)|2604:1380:2001:3900::1|:443... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 9864833 (9.4M) [application/x-gzip]
Saving to: ‘git.tar.gz’

git.tar.gz                                 100%[=====================================================================================>]   9.41M  --.-KB/s    in 0.1s    

2021-02-22 20:58:12 (73.6 MB/s) - ‘git.tar.gz’ saved [9864833/9864833]

Next, decompress the archive:

tar -vzxf git.tar.gz

Go to the folder that is generated:

cd git-*

And from there configure the compilation.

make prefix=/usr/local all

And at the end, perform the installation

make prefix=/usr/local install

When the process is finished, Git will be installed. To test it, run the command git:

git --version

Output:

git version 2.30.1

This will install Git from the source code. To upgrade, you have to repeat these steps with the new version.

Conclusion

Perhaps compiling the source code of an application yourself is not the most direct way to install it, but it is the most efficient and secure. So it’s always good to do so when there are not too many complications.

The post Install Git from the source code on CentOS 8 appeared first on Linux Windows and android Tutorials.

GITEA IS A COMMUNITY MANAGED LIGHTWEIGHT CODE HOSTING SOLUTION WRITTEN IN GO. IT IS PUBLISHED UNDER THE MIT LICENSE.

So we can assume that it is a lightweight alternative to Gitlab but with many features that make it ideal for many homes.

So if you have small teams or are just starting, Gitea is for you.

Install Gitea on CentOS 8

Before we start, we have to prepare the system by upgrading it and installing some pre-installation packages.

So, open a terminal or via SSH run

dnf update
dnf install git unzip gnupg2 nano wget

Although Gitea supports several database drivers, including SQLite I think MariaDB is very convenient to use.

So, install MariaDB on CentOS 8 with our post.

1) Working with MariaDB before installing Gitea

Now we can create a new database for Gite and its respective user.

So, access the MariaDB shell

mysql -u root -p

And start creating the database and the user with the corresponding permissions:

CREATE DATABASE giteadb CHARACTER SET 'utf8mb4' COLLATE 'utf8mb4_unicode_ci';
GRANT ALL ON giteadb.* TO 'giteauser'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'giteapss';
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
exit;

After that, you have to add some parameters to the MariaDB configuration.

So, open the file:

nano /etc/my.cnf.d/server.cnf

And add the following just below the [mysqld] section

innodb_file_format = Barracuda
innodb_large_prefix = 1
innodb_default_row_format = dynamic

Save your changes and close the editor. And restart the MariaDB service to apply the changes.

systemctl restart mariadb

2) Install Gitea on CentOS

Now we can download the Gitea binary which is the easiest way to do this process.

So, as of this writing, the latest stable version of Gitea is 1.13.1 so you have to update the commands with the number of the latest stable version.

So, download it using wget

wget https://dl.gitea.io/gitea/1.13.1/gitea-1.13.1-linux-amd64

Move it to the system binaries folder:

mv gitea-1.13.1-linux-amd64 /usr/bin/gitea

And assign it to run permissions:

chmod 755 /usr/bin/gitea

It is a good idea to handle Gitea as a system service so we have to create a new entry for it

nano /etc/systemd/system/gitea.service

And add the following content

[Unit]
 Description=Gitea
 After=syslog.target
 After=network.target
 After=mysql.service

 [Service]
 RestartSec=2s
 Type=simple
 User=git
 Group=git
 WorkingDirectory=/var/lib/gitea/
 ExecStart=/usr/bin/gitea web -c /etc/gitea/app.ini
 Restart=always
 Environment=USER=git HOME=/home/git GITEA_WORK_DIR=/var/lib/gitea

 [Install]
 WantedBy=multi-user.target

Save the changes and close the editor.

To apply the changes refresh the system services cache:

systemctl daemon-reload

Now, enable and start Gitea-

systemctl enable gitea
systemctl start gitea

And check the status of it

systemctl status gitea
● gitea.service - Gitea
    Loaded: loaded (/etc/systemd/system/gitea.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
    Active: active (running) since Sat 2021-02-20 16:27:12 CET; 8s ago
  Main PID: 54969 (gitea)
     Tasks: 8 (limit: 24338)
    Memory: 153.6M
    CGroup: /system.slice/gitea.service
            └─54969 /usr/bin/gitea web -c /etc/gitea/app.ini
 Feb 20 16:27:12 osradar gitea[54969]: 2021/02/20 16:27:12 …s/storage/storage.go:145:initAvatars() [I] Initialising Avatar storage with type: 
 Feb 20 16:27:12 osradar gitea[54969]: 2021/02/20 16:27:12 …les/storage/local.go:43:NewLocalStorage() [I] Creating new Local Storage at /var/lib/gitea/data/avatars
 Feb 20 16:27:12 osradar gitea[54969]: 2021/02/20 16:27:12 …s/storage/storage.go:163:initRepoAvatars() [I] Initialising Repository Avatar storage with type: 
 Feb 20 16:27:12 osradar gitea[54969]: 2021/02/20 16:27:12 …les/storage/local.go:43:NewLocalStorage() [I] Creating new Local Storage at /var/lib/gitea/data/repo-avatars
 Feb 20 16:27:12 osradar gitea[54969]: 2021/02/20 16:27:12 …s/storage/storage.go:157:initLFS() [I] Initialising LFS storage with type: 
 Feb 20 16:27:12 osradar gitea[54969]: 2021/02/20 16:27:12 …les/storage/local.go:43:NewLocalStorage() [I] Creating new Local Storage at /var/lib/gitea/data/lfs
 Feb 20 16:27:12 osradar gitea[54969]: 2021/02/20 16:27:12 routers/init.go:174:GlobalInit() [I] SQLite3 Supported
 Feb 20 16:27:12 osradar gitea[54969]: 2021/02/20 16:27:12 routers/init.go:56:checkRunMode() [I] Run Mode: Production
 Feb 20 16:27:13 osradar gitea[54969]: 2021/02/20 16:27:13 cmd/web.go:163:runWeb() [I] Listen: http://0.0.0.0:3000
 Feb 20 16:27:13 osradar gitea[54969]: 2021/02/20 16:27:13 …s/graceful/server.go:55:NewServer() [I] Starting new server: tcp:0.0.0.0:3000 on PID: 54969

By default, Gite uses port 3000 so we have to open it in the Firewall.

firewall-cmd --permanent --zone=public --add-port=3000/tcp
firewall-cmd --reload

This will set it up, but it’s a good idea to do some more configuration.

Optional: Configuring Ngnix as the reverse proxy

To facilitate access you need to configure Nginx as a Reverse Proxy.

First, install it:

dnf install nginx

And now create the configuration file for Gitea:

nano /etc/nginx/conf.d/gitea.conf

And add the following content:

upstream gitea {
      server 127.0.0.1:3000;
  }
  server {
      listen 80;
      server_name angtest.ga;
      root /var/lib/gitea/public;
      access_log off;
      error_log off;
 location / { 
 try_files maintain.html $uri $uri/index.html @node;
 } 
 location @node {   
 client_max_body_size 0;
 proxy_pass http://localhost:3000;
 proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For
 $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
 proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
 proxy_set_header Host $http_host;
 proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme; 
 proxy_max_temp_file_size 0;
 proxy_redirect off;
 proxy_read_timeout 120;
 }
  }

From this content, you have to replace the server_name value with yours.

Save the changes and close the file.

To apply the changes, restart the Nginx service.

Optional: Enable HTTPS for Gitea

We can install certificates thanks to Let’s Encrypt using Certbot. This process is recommended to secure web access.

Certbot is not in the CentOS 8 repositories but we can install it thanks to Snap.

So, enable the EPEL repository:

dnf install epel-release

Install the snapd package:

dnf install snapd

Enable it by running the following command:

systemctl enable --now snapd.socket

And enable the installation of classics packages.

ln -s /var/lib/snapd/snapd/snap /snap

After that install the core package which is the initial Snapd package.

snap install core

Now install Certbot by running:

snap install --classic certbot

And create a symbolic link to use the snap command from anywhere in promt without any problems:

ln -s /snap/bin/certbot /usr/bin/certbot

Finally, download and install the certificates by running

certbot --redirect --hsts --staple-ocsp --agree-tos --email admin@osradar.com --nginx -d angtest.ga

In this command you have to replace the values of --email and -d with your own.

Testing Gitea installation

You can now open your web browser and go to https://your-domain/install to complete the installation.

First, enter the database credentials we defined earlier.

On the bottom section, we have some other settings that we can change. The most important thing here is the BaseURL which you have to replace with your domain and the creation of the admin user and password.

When finished, you can complete the installation and the installer will redirect you to the dashboard. From there you can start working.

Conclusion

Gitea aims to be a solid alternative to Gitlab for hosting code in private workgroups. Gitea is lighter but has the capabilities to become a powerful and compliant software.

The post Install Gitea on CentOS 8 appeared first on Linux Windows and android Tutorials.

Gitea Gitea is a community managed lightweight code hosting solution written in Go. It is published under the MIT license.

So we can assume that it is a lightweight alternative to Gitlab but with many features that make it ideal for many homes.

So if you have small teams or are just starting, Gitea is for you.

Install Gitea on Ubuntu 20.04

Preparing the system

Before we start with the installation, we need to make a few adjustments so that we can get it right.

First, open a terminal or an SSH session and update Ubuntu

sudo apt update
sudo apt upgrade

Next, install some packages needed for the installation:

sudo apt install git unzip gnupg2

After that, install and configure MariaDB. With this post, you will have no problems with that:

How to install MariaDB 10.5 on Ubuntu 20.04 / Ubuntu 18.04?

Then we can continue

Configuring MariaDB for Gitea

Now we need to configure MariaDB to work with Gitea.

First, create a new database, user for Gitea.

sudo mysql -u root -p

CREATE DATABASE giteadb CHARACTER SET 'utf8mb4' COLLATE 'utf8mb4_unicode_ci';
GRANT ALL ON giteadb.* TO 'giteauser'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'giteapss';
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
exit;

You can replace the database name, username, and password with whatever you want.

Next, you need to add some parameters to the MariaDB configuration file.

sudo nano /etc/mysql/mariadb.conf.d/50-server.cnf

In short, you have to add the following values inside the [mysqld] section

innodb_file_format = Barracuda
innodb_large_prefix = 1
innodb_default_row_format = dynamic

Save the changes and exit the editor.

Now to apply these changes to the program, you have to restart the MariaDB service.

sudo systemctl restart mariadb

Install Gitea on Ubuntu 20.04

Before installing Gitea, you should create a new system user so that you can use Git without any problems.

sudo adduser --system --shell /bin/bash --gecos 'Git Version Control' --group --disabled-password --home /home/git git

Next, create the directory structure necessary for Gitea to work.

sudo mkdir -p /var/lib/gitea/{custom,data,log}

Now assign the appropriate owner and permissions.

sudo chown -R git:git /var/lib/gitea/{custom,data,log}
sudo chmod -R 750 /var/lib/gitea/{custom,data,log}

Do the same with any other configuration directory that is required:

sudo mkdir /etc/gitea
sudo chown root:git /etc/gitea
sudo chmod 770 /etc/gitea

After this, you can download the Gitea binary.

wget https://dl.gitea.io/gitea/1.13.1/gitea-1.13.1-linux-amd64
--2021-01-26 18:17:28--  https://dl.gitea.io/gitea/1.13.1/gitea-1.13.1-linux-amd64
 Resolving dl.gitea.io (dl.gitea.io)… 2604:1380:2000:c600::5, 147.75.84.81
 Connecting to dl.gitea.io (dl.gitea.io)|2604:1380:2000:c600::5|:443… connected.
 HTTP request sent, awaiting response… 200 OK
 Length: 115836856 (110M) [application/octet-stream]
 Saving to: ‘gitea-1.13.1-linux-amd64’
 gitea-1.13.1-linux-amd64                   100%[=====================================================================================>] 110.47M  66.5MB/s    in 1.7s    
 2021-01-26 18:17:30 (66.5 MB/s) - ‘gitea-1.13.1-linux-amd64’ saved [115836856/115836856]

After downloading it, copy it to the system binaries folder and assign it execution permissions

sudo cp gitea-1.13.1-linux-amd64 /usr/bin/gitea
sudo chmod 755 /usr/bin/gitea

It is recommended to manage Gitea as a system service, so let’s create a new systemd entry for Gitea.

sudo nano /etc/systemd/system/gitea.service

And add the following:

[Unit]
Description=Gitea
After=syslog.target
After=network.target
After=mysql.service

[Service]
RestartSec=2s
Type=simple
User=git
Group=git
WorkingDirectory=/var/lib/gitea/
ExecStart=/usr/bin/gitea web -c /etc/gitea/app.ini
Restart=always
Environment=USER=git HOME=/home/git GITEA_WORK_DIR=/var/lib/gitea

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

Save the changes and close the editor.

Then, refresh all system daemons.

sudo systemctl daemon-reload

Now, make Gitea start with the system and run it:

sudo systemctl enable gitea
sudo systemctl start gitea

You can check the status of the Gitea service with the command:

sudo systemctl status gitea

Gitea is available at http://localhost:3000 but it is convenient to use a reverse proxy like Nginx.

Configuring Nginx as the reverse proxy for Gitea

The best thing to do is to make Nginx the reverse proxy for Gitea. This will make access easier.

So, install it:

sudo apt install nginx

And then, create a new configuration file for Gitea.

sudo nano /etc/nginx/conf.d/gitea.conf

And add the following content:

upstream gitea {
     server 127.0.0.1:3000;
 }
 server {
     listen 80;
     server_name osradartest.ga;
     root /var/lib/gitea/public;
     access_log off;
     error_log off;
 
location / { 
try_files maintain.html $uri $uri/index.html @node;
} 

location @node {   
client_max_body_size 0;
proxy_pass http://localhost:3000;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For
$proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header Host $http_host;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme; 
proxy_max_temp_file_size 0;
proxy_redirect off;
proxy_read_timeout 120;
}
 }

Save the changes and close the editor. To apply the changes, just restart the service.

sudo systemctl restart nginx

Optionally, but recommended, you can enable HTTPS using Let’s Encrypt.

So, install it together with the Nginx plugin.

sudo apt install certbot python3-certbot-nginx

And get the certificate, by running:

sudo certbot --nginx --agree-tos --redirect --hsts --staple-ocsp --email you@example.com -d your-domain

Then restart Nginx.

Remember that certificates expire after 90 days, so you will have to renew them.

Access to Gitea

Now open a web browser and go to http://your-domain or https://your-domain.

You will see the Gitea installation screen.

At first, you will have to configure the parameters of the database we have created.

Further down you will have more options, the most relevant are the Base Url that you will have to modify for your domain. And the creation of the administrator account.

If all goes well, when you click on Install Gitea, you will be redirected to the dashboard where you can start administering Gitea.

So, enjoy it

Conclusion

Gitea aims to be a solid alternative to Gitlab for hosting code in private workgroups. Gitea is lighter but has the capabilities to become a powerful and compliant software.

The post Install Gitea on Ubuntu 20.04 appeared first on Linux Windows and android Tutorials.

It’s no secret that Git is too popular thanks to the way it revolutionized version control systems. However, it is not perfect and other developers have bet on other alternatives and now we have another one called Fossil that has been created by the same SQLite developer.

According to the Fossil website:

Fossil is a simple, high-reliability, distributed software configuration management system

Some of the features that Fossil brings to us are as follows:

• Integrated Bug Tracking, Wiki, Forum, and Technotes.
• Built-in Web Interface – Fossil has a built-in, themeable, extensible, and intuitive web interface with a rich variety of information pages (examples) promoting situational awareness.
• Self-Contained – Fossil is a single self-contained stand-alone executable. To install, simply download a precompiled binary for Linux, Mac, or Windows and put it on your $PATH
• Simple Networking. Fossil uses ordinary HTTP (or HTTPS or SSH) for network communications, so it works fine from behind restrictive firewalls, including proxies.

All these characteristics want to position it as a solid alternative to GIT. Emphasizing the presence of a web interface that helps to better visualize the state of the repository.

Install Fossil on Linux

Fossil follows the same SQLite philosophy of being lightweight and self-contained. This means that the installation is very simple.

First, we have the source code compilation and on the other hand, download the corresponding Linux binary and then add the folder to our PATH.

Then, as you can see it’s quite simple.

So, download the program from the project website:

Choose the package for Linux and download it.

Then, decompress it and place it in a safe folder that you prefer

mkdir -p /home/angelo/Documents/Fossil/
cd Downloads/
tar xvzf fossil-linux-x64-2.14-preview-20201125.tar.gz
mv fossil ../Documents/Fossil/

Next, you can add this folder to your PATH to use fossil as a command.

export PATH=$PATH:/home/angelo/Documents/Fossil/

After that, close the temrinal and you can use Fossil as a command and it is ready to be used

You can consult the help with the following command

fossil help

Output:

Usage: fossil help TOPIC
Try "fossil help help" or "fossil help -a" for more options
Frequently used commands:
add cat extras merge rm ui
addremove changes finfo mv settings undo
all clean gdiff open sql unversioned
amend clone grep pull stash update
annotate commit help push status version
bisect dbstat info rebuild sync
blame delete init remote tag
branch diff ls revert timeline

Conclusion

Git is the absolute king of its area but there is always room for the community to make and try to outdo the ready-made products. That is why Fossil is a tool that should not be missed.

More info: documentation

The post Install Fossil on Linux – An alternative to Git appeared first on Linux Windows and android Tutorials.

Git is a free and open-source distributed version control system. It is perhaps the most popular within the branch as millions of developers use it to control software versions. Ease of use, community support, and efficient version control are the main features of Git. In addition, it is open-source and free, which makes it ideal for all projects.

Why should I install a program from the source code?

The answer to this question can be summed up as efficiency. When we install a program from the source code, only what is necessary to work according to our system and hardware is installed. This makes it faster and more efficient.

On the other hand, there is a security issue. When a package comes already done and we install it, at the end we won’t know who compiled it and under what parameters it was done. This is not the end of the world because we know that in Linux, the repositories are quite taken care of by the developers of the distributions, but, indeed, it is not compiled specifically for us.

Therefore, if you are thinking of using it in a company or a personal project, compiling it can assure you even more efficiency and security.

Finally, learning to compile packages is a great help for working with Linux and can also be used in other areas.

Installing Git from the source code

First, you have to install all the packages needed to compile code in Ubuntu 20.04

To do this, open a terminal and run the following command:

:~$ sudo apt install build-essential
Reading package lists… Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information… Done
The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required:
git-man libcurl3-gnutls liberror-perl
Use 'sudo apt autoremove' to remove them.
The following additional packages will be installed:
binutils binutils-common binutils-x86-64-linux-gnu cpp cpp-9 dpkg-dev fakeroot g++ g++-9 gcc gcc-9 gcc-9-base libalgorithm-diff-perl libalgorithm-diff-xs-perl
libalgorithm-merge-perl libasan5 libatomic1 libbinutils libc-dev-bin libc6-dev libcc1-0 libcrypt-dev libctf-nobfd0 libctf0 libdpkg-perl libfakeroot
libfile-fcntllock-perl libgcc-9-dev libisl22 libitm1 liblsan0 libmpc3 libquadmath0 libstdc++-9-dev libtsan0 libubsan1 linux-libc-dev make manpages-dev
Suggested packages:
binutils-doc cpp-doc gcc-9-locales debian-keyring g++-multilib g++-9-multilib gcc-9-doc gcc-multilib autoconf automake libtool flex bison gdb gcc-doc gcc-9-multilib
glibc-doc git bzr libstdc++-9-doc make-doc
The following NEW packages will be installed:
binutils binutils-common binutils-x86-64-linux-gnu build-essential cpp cpp-9 dpkg-dev fakeroot g++ g++-9 gcc gcc-9 gcc-9-base libalgorithm-diff-perl
libalgorithm-diff-xs-perl libalgorithm-merge-perl libasan5 libatomic1 libbinutils libc-dev-bin libc6-dev libcc1-0 libcrypt-dev libctf-nobfd0 libctf0 libdpkg-perl
libfakeroot libfile-fcntllock-perl libgcc-9-dev libisl22 libitm1 liblsan0 libmpc3 libquadmath0 libstdc++-9-dev libtsan0 libubsan1 linux-libc-dev make manpages-dev
0 upgraded, 40 newly installed, 0 to remove and 22 not upgraded.
Need to get 39.8 MB of archives.
After this operation, 174 MB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n]

Then, install the packages that will allow you to build the application once it is compiled for our system:

:~$ sudo apt install make libssl-dev libghc-zlib-dev libcurl4-gnutls-dev libexpat1-dev gettext unzip

Also included in the above command is the unzip package that will help decompress the Git source code file.

Then, you proceed to download the Git source code from the /tmp/ folder

:~$ cd/tmp
:~$ wget -c https://github.com/git/git/archive/v2.26.2.zip -O git.zip

When the download is finished, proceed to decompress the file.

:~$ unzip git.zip

This will create a folder called git-2.26.2 and you’ll need to access it.

:~$ cd git-2.26.2

And then start compiling from there:

:~$ sudo make prefix=/usr/local all

And then, the installation:

:~$ sudo make prefix=/usr/local install

This process will take a little while according to your computer.

Now we have to prove that everything works properly. To do this, display the version of Git using that same command:

:~$ git --version
git version 2.26.2

This indicates that the git command is being recognized by the system. So, it’s ready to be used.

Conclusion

Perhaps compiling the source code of an application yourself is not the most direct way to install it, but it is the most efficient and secure. So it’s always good to do so when there are not too many complications.

So, share this post, join our Telegram channel and if you can, buy us a coffee. 🙂

The post How to install Git from the source code on Ubuntu 20.04? appeared first on Linux Windows and android Tutorials.

Git is a free and open source distributed version control system. It is perhaps the most popular within the branch as millions of developers use it to control software versions. Ease of use, community support, and efficient version control are the main features of Git. In addition, it is open source and free, which makes it ideal for all projects.

Of course, Git is available for almost any Linux distribution. It also has versions for Windows or MacOS. So no matter what platform you develop on, you will always have the advantages of using Git.

Install Git on Ubuntu 20.04

As we already know the official Ubuntu repositories host a lot of different packages. Most of these are open source and very important for the Linux ecosystem like Firefox.

On the other hand, they also host third party software such as Git. Yes, Git is available from the official Ubuntu 20.04 repositories.

So, to install it, just open a terminal and refresh your APT cache.

:~$ sudo apt update

Then, proceed with the installation:

:~$ sudo apt install git
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
The following additional packages will be installed:
  git-man libcurl3-gnutls liberror-perl
Suggested packages:
  git-daemon-run | git-daemon-sysvinit git-doc git-el git-email git-gui gitk gitweb git-cvs git-mediawiki git-svn
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  git git-man libcurl3-gnutls liberror-perl
0 upgraded, 4 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
Need to get 5695 kB of archives.
After this operation, 39.1 MB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n]

Enter the password and accept the installation proposal and it will start.

Then, check the installed version with the following command:

:~$ git --version
git version 2.25.1

Install Git on Ubuntu 20.04 using the official PPA

Installing an application from the official repositories is a guarantee of ease, compatibility, and reliability. However, likely, the last stable version of that program is not available, and sometimes it is necessary.

One proof of this is that Git improves with each version and incorporates security measures to make it even more secure. For example, in the official repositories, there is version 2.25 but as of this writing, the latest stable version is 2.26 and will continue to grow.

So, an alternative is to use the official Git PPA for Ubuntu.

To add the Git PPA repository, run the following command:

:~$ sudo add-apt-repository ppa:git-core/ppa
The most current stable version of Git for Ubuntu.
For release candidates, go to https://launchpad.net/~git-core/+archive/candidate .
More info: https://launchpad.net/~git-core/+archive/ubuntu/ppa
Press [ENTER] to continue or Ctrl-c to cancel adding it.

This same command will refresh the APT cache so when it’s done, just run it:

:~$ sudo apt install git

And if you’ve used the first method, just do a system upgrade:

:~$ sudo apt upgrade

Then, check the installed version:

:~$ git --version
git version 2.26.2

As you can see it has been updated to the latest stable version. Maybe at this moment, an update is not so necessary, but remember that Ubuntu will stay with us for 5 years and will become necessary with time.

Now, you’re ready. You can use Git now.

We’ll take this opportunity to show you which Git Linux clients we recommend.

Conclusion

Having the necessary tools makes any work easier and in the development of applications, it is clear that this mantra is fulfilled. So, Git is one of those applications that help control the development cycle of an application. It also helps developers control contributions and code changes.

So, now that you know how to install it on Ubuntu 20.04 it’s your turn to work.

Please share this post and join our Telegram channel.

The post How to install Git on Ubuntu 20.04? appeared first on Linux Windows and android Tutorials.