We recently installed Nim programming language on Debian 10. Now it is FreeBSD 12’s turn.

Nowadays, almost everything is done with the help of a computer and a program. And the programs are made through a programming language. That is why it must be efficient languages with new technical features that can be brought to the program and the end-user. Today we will teach you how to install Nim programming language on FreeBSD 12.

To quote the website of this programming language:

Nim is a statically typed compiled systems programming language. It combines successful concepts from mature languages like Python, Ada, and Modula.

This gives us a pretty good idea that the language meets everything needed to create modern applications.

Like all modern languages, it has versions for Windows, Linux, macOS, and BSD. This makes it possible to run on almost all current systems. This also makes it possible for the programmer to choose the environment where he feels best.

Nim is an object-oriented language with a syntax similar to Python‘s with even similar characteristics.

So, let us get to work.

Installing Nim programming language on FreeBSD 12

Nim is available in the official FreeBSD 12 repositories, but the latest stable version is not available. So it is recommended that you download the source code and compile it.

However, if you want to install it without any problems, just run the following command:

:~$ sudo pkg install nim

And now you can start working.

However, in this tutorial, what we are looking for is to install the latest stable version. So to do this, you have to download the source code of the language.

To do this, I will use a tool called wget. Then, the first step is to install it.

:~$ sudo pkg install wget
Password:
Updating FreeBSD repository catalogue...
FreeBSD repository is up to date.
All repositories are up to date.
The following 3 package(s) will be affected (of 0 checked):

New packages to be INSTALLED:
libidn2: 2.3.0_1
libunistring: 0.9.10_1
wget: 1.20.3

Number of packages to be installed: 3

The process will require 6 MiB more space.
1 MiB to be downloaded.

Proceed with this action? [y/N]:

When the installation is finished, we can start the download using it. At the time of writing this post, the latest stable version of Nim is 1.2.0.

:~$ wget -c https://nim-lang.org/download/nim-1.2.0.tar.xz
--2020-04-10 06:47:52--  https://nim-lang.org/download/nim-1.2.0.tar.xz
Resolving nim-lang.org (nim-lang.org)... 104.28.18.79, 104.28.19.79, 2606:4700:3036::681c:134f, ...
Connecting to nim-lang.org (nim-lang.org)|104.28.18.79|:443... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 5869428 (5.6M) [application/octet-stream]
Saving to: 'nim-1.2.0.tar.xz'
nim-1.2.0.tar.xz                           100%[=====================================================================================>]   5.60M  84.4KB/s    in 50s
2020-04-10 06:48:43 (115 KB/s) - 'nim-1.2.0.tar.xz' saved [5869428/5869428]

After the download, we have to decompress the file.

:~$ tar xvfj nim-1.2.0.tar.xz

This will generate a folder called nim-1.2.0. Access it and start compiling Nim.

Access it and start compiling Nim.

:~$ cd nim-1.2.0
:~$ sh build.sh

Then, the Nim package must be further built to generate the binary for FreeBSD 12.

:~$ bin/nim c koch

So, finish the creation of the package with this last command:

~$ ./koch tools

Now yes, Nim is installed on FreeBSD 12.

The compiler and tool binaries live inside the bin directory. To test it, access the folder and display the current version.

:~$ cd nim-1.2.0/bin/
:~$ ./nim -version

Testing Nim programming language on FreeBSD 12

Before testing the installation, make Nim available as a command from any location.

To do this, it is advisable to first rename the folder to a simpler one.

:~$ cd ~
:~$ mv nim-1.2.0 nim

If you want you can move it to a more discreet directory. In my case, I’ll leave it right here.

Now to make it available as a command, edit the user profile file.

:~$ nano ~/.profile

And add the following content:

export PATH=/home/angelo/nim/bin:$PATH

Remember to modify the route where Nim is located. In this case, that’s the way it looks to me.

Then log out and log back in.

Now, create a new test file called hello.nim and add the following code:

:~$ nano hello.nim
echo "Hi, Osradar"

Save and close the file.

Then compile it with the following command:

:~$ nim c hello.nim

And run it:

~$ ./hello

So, Nim is ready for you to use it in your system.

Conclusion

Programming is very important nowadays, so it requires programming languages to match. Today we have taught you how to install Nim on FreeBSD 12 so you can have an ideal partner to make your applications.

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The post How to install Nim programming language on FreeBSD 12? appeared first on Linux Windows and android Tutorials.

First, we have to explain what Pip is. Pip is a package management system used to install and manage software packages written in Python.

If you use a lot of Python for development, it is highly likely that you will have to use Pip. Similarly, Pip is a terminal tool, so it is also used through commands.

Also, pip is a recursive acronym that can be interpreted as Pip Package Installer or Pip Python Installer.

So, let us install it.

Install Python Pip on FreeBSD 12

First, open a terminal session and search the official FreeBSD 12 repositories on pip.

:~$ sudo pkg search pip
py37-apipkg-1.5                Namespace control and lazy-import mechanism
 py37-django-pipeline-1.6.14    Asset (css/js) packaging library for Django
 py37-iterpipes-0.4_1           Library for running shell pipelines using shell-like syntax
 py37-pip-19.1.1                Tool for installing and managing Python packages
 py37-pip-api-0.0.13            Importable pip API
 py37-pip-tools-4.3.0           Keep your pinned dependencies fresh
 py37-pipdeptree-0.13.2         Command line utility to show dependency tree of packages
 py37-pipenv-2018.11.26_1       Python Development Workflow for Humans
 py37-pipreqs-0.4.10            Generate requirements.txt file for any project based on imports
 py37-pytest-azurepipelines-0.8.0 Formatting PyTest output for Azure Pipelines UI
 py37-ufal.udpipe-1.2.0.2_1     Python bindings to UDPipe library for parsing universal treebanks
 rubygem-apipie-bindings-0.2.3  Ruby bindings for API calls that are documented with Apipie
 rubygem-apipie-params-0.0.5    DSL for describing data structures with json-schema bindings
 rubygem-aws-sdk-codepipeline-1.27.0 Official AWS Ruby gem for AWS CodePipeline (CodePipeline)
 rubygem-aws-sdk-datapipeline-1.16.0 Official AWS Ruby gem for AWS Data Pipeline
 rubygem-html-pipeline-2.12.3   GitHub HTML processing filters and utilities
 rubygem-html-pipeline27-2.7.2  GitHub HTML processing filters and utilities
 rubygem-net-http-pipeline-1.0.1 HTTP/1.1 pipelining implementation atop Net::HTTP
 socketpipe-1.10                Zero overhead remote process plumbing
 spiped-1.6.0_4                 Daemon for creating secure symmetric pipes
 vdr-plugin-osdpip-0.1.2_9      Video Disk Recorder - picture-in-picture plugin
 waypipe-0.6.1_1                Network transparency with Wayland
 xpipeman-1.0_4                 Connect the pipes to stop the leakspy37-apipkg-1.5                Namespace control and lazy-import mechanism
 py37-django-pipeline-1.6.14    Asset (css/js) packaging library for Django
 py37-iterpipes-0.4_1           Library for running shell pipelines using shell-like syntax
 py37-pip-19.1.1                Tool for installing and managing Python packages
 py37-pip-api-0.0.13            Importable pip API
 py37-pip-tools-4.3.0           Keep your pinned dependencies fresh
 py37-pipdeptree-0.13.2         Command line utility to show dependency tree of packages
 py37-pipenv-2018.11.26_1       Python Development Workflow for Humans
 py37-pipreqs-0.4.10            Generate requirements.txt file for any project based on imports
 py37-pytest-azurepipelines-0.8.0 Formatting PyTest output for Azure Pipelines UI
 py37-ufal.udpipe-1.2.0.2_1     Python bindings to UDPipe library for parsing universal treebanks
 rubygem-apipie-bindings-0.2.3  Ruby bindings for API calls that are documented with Apipie
 rubygem-apipie-params-0.0.5    DSL for describing data structures with json-schema bindings
 rubygem-aws-sdk-codepipeline-1.27.0 Official AWS Ruby gem for AWS CodePipeline (CodePipeline)
 rubygem-aws-sdk-datapipeline-1.16.0 Official AWS Ruby gem for AWS Data Pipeline
 rubygem-html-pipeline-2.12.3   GitHub HTML processing filters and utilities
 rubygem-html-pipeline27-2.7.2  GitHub HTML processing filters and utilities
 rubygem-net-http-pipeline-1.0.1 HTTP/1.1 pipelining implementation atop Net::HTTP
 socketpipe-1.10                Zero overhead remote process plumbing
 spiped-1.6.0_4                 Daemon for creating secure symmetric pipes
 vdr-plugin-osdpip-0.1.2_9      Video Disk Recorder - picture-in-picture plugin
 waypipe-0.6.1_1                Network transparency with Wayland
 xpipeman-1.0_4                 Connect the pipes to stop the leaks

As we can see we have two versions of Pip. One oriented to be used with Python 3 and the other for Python 2.

In this case, it is best to use the version for Python 3. You can install it with the following command:

:~$ sudo pkg install py37-pip
Updating FreeBSD repository catalogue…
 FreeBSD repository is up to date.
 All repositories are up to date.
 The following 4 package(s) will be affected (of 0 checked):
 New packages to be INSTALLED:
     py37-pip: 19.1.1
     python37: 3.7.6
     libffi: 3.2.1_3
     py37-setuptools: 41.4.0_1
 Number of packages to be installed: 4
 The process will require 125 MiB more space.
 18 MiB to be downloaded.
 Proceed with this action? [y/N]: 

At the end of the installation, you will get some messages from the installer.

Message from py37-pip-19.1.1:
 --
 pip MUST ONLY be used:
 With the --user flag, OR
 To install or manage Python packages in virtual environments 
 Failure to follow this warning can and will result in an inconsistent
 system-wide Python environment (LOCALBASE/lib/pythonX.Y/site-packages) and
 cause errors.
 Avoid using pip as root unless you know what you're doing.

Now Pip is ready to be used. For example, check the current version:

:~$ pip --version
pip 19.1.1 from /usr/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pip (python 3.7)

Although it is already possible to use Pip, it is convenient to upgrade to the latest stable version. This is to take better advantage of the new features and to improve its stability.

To upgrade Pip to the latest stable version, use the following command:

:~$ sudo pip install --upgrade pip --user
Successfully installed pip-20.0.2

There you go. Pip is ready to be used without a problem.

Conclusion

Programming in Python is very widespread and that is why every day there are useful tools made with this language. An easy way to manage these programs made in Python is to install Pip. As you can see it is very easy but it can be very useful to know it.

For more information I recommend you to read the user guide of the program.

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The post How to install python Pip on FreeBSD 12? appeared first on Linux Windows and android Tutorials.

We already know that Java is one of the most used programming languages in the world. Besides this, many applications need Java to run and therefore many people need it.

On the other hand, many people use FreeBSD 12 as an operating system for a server. Many dedicated server applications need Java to run as well as to serve applications.

So, let us do it.

Install Java on FreeBSD 12

For this tutorial you need to run sudo. So this program has to be enabled and working properly. For that, read our tutorial about it:

How to enable sudo on FreeBSD 12?

Once you have done it, you can continue with the post.

Next is bscar Java in the official FreeBSD 12 repositories.

:~$ sudo pkg search openjd
bootstrap-openjdk11-11.0.5.10.1 Java Development Kit 11
bootstrap-openjdk6-r450701 Java Development Kit 6
bootstrap-openjdk8-r450802 Java Development Kit 8
openjdk-7.161.01,1 Java Development Kit 7
openjdk-jre-7.161.01,1 Java Runtime Environment 7
openjdk11-11.0.5+10.1 Java Development Kit 11
openjdk12-12.0.2+10.3_1 Java Development Kit 12
openjdk13-13.0.1+9.1 Java Development Kit 13
openjdk8-8.232.09.1_1 Java Development Kit 8
openjdk8-jre-8.232.09.1_1 Java Runtime Environment 8
rxtx-openjdk8-2.2p2_4 Native interface to serial ports in Java

In the image we can see that there are several versions of Java available, but only version 8 contains both JDK and JRE. Therefore, this is the version that we will install.

:~$ sudo pkg install openjdk8
Updating FreeBSD repository catalogue...
FreeBSD repository is up to date.
All repositories are up to date.
The following 27 package(s) will be affected (of 0 checked):
New packages to be INSTALLED:
	openjdk8: 8.232.09.1_1
	libXtst: 1.2.3_2
	libXi: 1.7.10,1
	libXfixes: 5.0.3_2
	libX11: 1.6.9,1
	libxcb: 1.13.1
	libXdmcp: 1.1.3
	xorgproto: 2019.2
	libXau: 1.0.9
	libxml2: 2.9.10
	libpthread-stubs: 0.4
	libXext: 1.3.4,1
	libXrender: 0.9.10_2
	libXt: 1.2.0,1
	libSM: 1.2.3,1
	libICE: 1.0.10,1
	fontconfig: 2.12.6,1
	expat: 2.2.8
	freetype2: 2.10.1
	dejavu: 2.37_1
	mkfontscale: 1.2.1
	libfontenc: 1.1.4
	javavmwrapper: 2.7.4
	java-zoneinfo: 2019.b
	giflib: 5.2.1
	libinotify: 20180201_1
	alsa-lib: 1.1.2_2
Number of packages to be installed: 27
The process will require 234 MiB more space.
89 MiB to be downloaded.
Proceed with this action? [y/N]:

Once Java is installed a few more things need to be done to get it ready for work. Because this OpenJDK implementation requires fdescfs(5) mounted on /dev/fd and
procfs(5) mounted on /proc.

So, to do it, run these commands:

:~$ sudo mount -t fdescfs fdesc /dev/fd
:~$ sudo mount -t procfs proc /proc

This solves the problem temporarily, if we want to avoid running these commands every time we start the system, we have to edit the file /etc/fstab and add the following:

:~$ sudo nano /etc/fstab
fdesc	/dev/fd		fdescfs		rw	0	0
proc	/proc		procfs		rw	0	0

So, save the changes and close the file.

Now, you can check the Java version.

:~$ java -version

So, Java is ready for the action.

Conclusion

Java is a fairly popular platform and this makes it necessary for many FreeBSD 12 developers and users to run or serve applications of this type. Today you have learned how to install it without problems.

Please share this post and join our Telegram channel.

The post How to install Java on FreeBSD 12? appeared first on Linux Windows and android Tutorials.

Lighttpd is a “secure, fast, compatible and very flexible” web server optimized for high-performance environments. It consumes very few resources compared to other web servers and especially fast for running AJAX applications. It is also open source and uses a BSD license and works on UNIX-like systems, such as Linux or BSD.

Generally, Lighttpd is used in servers where maximum performance is needed even at the sacrifice of some features. Despite this, Lighttpd is always a good alternative to the popular Apache and Nginx.

Install Lighttpd on FreeBSD 12

For this tutorial, you need to have sudo enabled. For this, I recommend you to read our post about it:

How to enable sudo on FreeBSD 12?

Before starting with the tutorial, it is recommended to update the system completely, to do it, open a terminal emulator or connect to your server using SSH and write:

:~$ sudo pkg update

Now we can really get started with the tutorial.

1.- Install Lighttpd

Lighttpd is available from the official FreeBSD repositories. Therefore, the installation will not result in problems. So to install it, use the following command:

:~$ sudo pkg install lighttpd
Updating FreeBSD repository catalogue...
Fetching meta.txz: 100%    944 B   0.9kB/s    00:01    
Fetching packagesite.txz: 100%    6 MiB  53.0kB/s    02:02    
Processing entries: 100%
FreeBSD repository update completed. 31558 packages processed.
All repositories are up to date.
The following 4 package(s) will be affected (of 0 checked):

New packages to be INSTALLED:
lighttpd: 1.4.54
lua52: 5.2.4
libedit: 3.1.20191211,1
pcre: 8.43_2

Number of packages to be installed: 4

The process will require 10 MiB more space.
2 MiB to be downloaded.

Proceed with this action? [y/N]:

After entering the password, the download will start.

For now, we won’t start the Lighttpd service because there are some settings we have to make first.

2.- Install PHP on FreeBSD 12

Of course, if we install only Lighttpd we won’t be able to run any web application made with PHP. This brings a consequence that the functionality would decay. So let’s install it:

:~$ sudo pkg install php74 mod_php74 php74-mbstring php74-zlib php74-curl php74-gd php74-json

I took the opportunity to install some extra modules.

Now we have to make some modifications to PHP so that it can work without problems with Lighttpd.

First open the file /usr/local/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf and make these changes.

Find the line:

listen = 127.0.0.1:9000

And exchange it for this one:

listen = /var/run/php-fpm.sock

Then, locate the following lines and decomment them:

;listen.owner = www
;listen.group = www
;listen.mode = 0660

Looking like this in the picture:

So, save the changes and close the file.

Now it is necessary to create a new php.ini file. During the installation, two example files are created that we have to use depending on the function of our computer. These files are php.ini-production and php.ini-development.

So we have to choose one, in my case, I will assume that FreeBSD 12 is for production, so that will be my choice.

Note: it is likely that if you choose the other one this tutorial will work as well.

So, we copy the example file as php.ini:

:~$ sudo cp /usr/local/etc/php.ini-production /usr/local/etc/php.ini

And we edited the file in question:

:~$ sudo nano /usr/local/etc/php.ini

And locate the line:

;cgi.fix_pathinfo=1

And exchange it for this one:

cgi.fix_pathinfo=0

Again, save the changes and close the file.

Now we can start and enable the PHP-fpm service.

:~$ sudo sysrc php_fpm_enable=yes
php_fpm_enable: -> yes
:~$ sudo service php-fpm start
Performing sanity check on php-fpm configuration:
[20-Feb-2020 14:50:21] NOTICE: configuration file /usr/local/etc/php-fpm.conf test is successful
Starting php_fpm.

3.- Configuring Lighttpd on FreeBSD 12

In this section of the tutorial, we have to make some configurations to Lighttpd so that it can work with PHP.

So, open the file /usr/local/etc/lighttpd/modules.conf

:~$ sudo nano /usr/local/etc/lighttpd/modules.conf

And uncomment the line:

include "conf.d/fastcgi.conf"

What this does is to include the fastcgi module which is the one we will use for Lighttpd to process PHP.

At the end of that same file, add the following:

fastcgi.server += ( ".php" =>
        ((
                "socket" => "/var/run/php-fpm.sock",
                "broken-scriptfilename" => "enable"
        ))
)

Save the changes and close the editor.

Before starting the service, edit the main Lighttpd configuration file and uncomment the line:

:~$ sudo nano /usr/local/etc/lighttpd/lighttpd.conf

server.bind = "localhost"

So, you can save the changes and close the file.

If your server uses IPv6, you have to locate this line as well and leave it as it is:

server.use-ipv6 = "enable"

And at the end of the file comment on this line:

$SERVER["socket"] == "0.0.0.0:80" { }

Remember, this is only if your server uses IPv6, if not omit this.

Now, enable and start the Lighttpd service:

:~$ sudo sysrc lighttpd_enable=yes
lighttpd_enable: -> yes

:~$ sudo service lighttpd start

So, we are going to test it.

4.- Testing Lighttpd and PHP on FreeBSD 12

Now we’re going to try everything we’ve done. The best way is to create a PHP file for the server to run.

First, create the folder where Lighttpd will look for the web files. In other words, the root directory.

:~$ sudo mkdir -p /usr/local/www/data

And now create a PHP file called test.php and add the following:

:~$ sudo nano /usr/local/www/data/test.php
<?php
phpinfo();
?>

Save the changes and close the file.

Now open your favorite web browser and go to http://server-ip/test.php and you will see the following:

So, that is it. If you want to use a database management program in FreeBSD 12, you can check these posts:

How to install PostgreSQL on FreeBSD 12?

How to install SQLite on FreeBSD 12?

So, enjoy it.

Conclusion

Lighttpd is less popular than Apache and Nginx, that’s for sure, but it’s quite useful on small servers or when we want maximum performance in a web application. Today thanks to this post, you have learned how to install it on FreeBSD 12.

Please share this post and join our Telegram channel.

The post How to install lighttpd on FreeBSD 12? appeared first on Linux Windows and android Tutorials.

Git?

If you are starting to develop applications you may not know that Git is a free, open-source version control system and that it is perhaps the best. Many developers rely on it to control the versions of their applications. By versions, we mean those in development.

Using Git you can control and separate development in each of those development branches. So the changes of one do not affect the others.

Read Introduction to the Git branches.

In this way, it is good practice to develop applications using a version control system as support.

So, let us start.

Install Git on FreeBSD 12

Git is a popular open-source application that is available on many Linux and FreeBSD distributions. So before we work, let’s do some research into the official repositories.

:~$ sudo pkg search git
git-2.24.1                     Distributed source code management tool
git-absorb-0.5.0_4             Git command for automating fixup/autosquash commits
git-bzr-ng-git20140423_1       Bi-directional git to bzr bridge
git-cinnabar-0.5.2_4           Git remote helper to interact with Mercurial repositories
git-codereview-0.0.0.2016030201_1 Command-line tool for working with Gerrit
git-cola-3.5                   Sleek and powerful Git GUI
git-crypt-0.6.0_1              Transparent file encryption in git
git-cvs-0.1.0_1                Tool to incrementally import changesets from CVS into Git
git-delta-0.0.14_1             Syntax-highlighting pager for git/diff
git-extras-5.1.0               Sub-commands for repo summary, repl, changelog population, and more
git-gui-2.24.1                 Distributed source code management tool (GUI enabled)
git-lfs-2.9.1                  Git extension for versioning large files
git-lite-2.24.1                Distributed source code management tool (lite package)
git-merge-changelog-20140202   Git "merge" driver for GNU style ChangeLog files
git-modes-emacs26-1.2.8_2,1    GNU Emacs modes for Git-related files
git-modes-emacs26_canna-1.2.8_2,1 GNU Emacs modes for Git-related files
git-modes-emacs26_nox-1.2.8_2,1 GNU Emacs modes for Git-related files
git-modes-emacs27-1.2.8_2,1    GNU Emacs modes for Git-related files
git-modes-emacs27_nox-1.2.8_2,1 GNU Emacs modes for Git-related files
git-prompt.zsh-2.2.1           Fast, customizable, pure-shell, asynchronous Git prompt for Zsh
git-remote-gcrypt-1.2          PGP-encrypt git remotes
git-remote-hg-1.0.0            Transparent bidirectional bridge between Git and Mercurial for Git
git-review-1.28.0              Allow to push code to review and interact with a Gerrit server
git-review-py27-1.28.0         Allow to push code to review and interact with a Gerrit server
git-secret-0.2.5               Bash tool to store your private data inside a git repository
git-subrepo-0.4.0              Git command for managing subrepositories
git-town-7.3.0_1               Git extension for generic, high-level git workflow support
gitaly-1.77.0_1                Smart reverse proxy for GitLab
gitblit-1.8.0_2                Open-source servlet for Git repositories
gitea-1.10.3                   Compact self-hosted Git service
gitflow-1.12.3                 Git extensions to provide high-level repository operations
gitg-3.32.1                    GTK-based git repository viewer
gitg0-0.0.8_2                  GTK-based git repository viewer (gtk2 version)
github-backup-utils-2.8.3_1    GitHub Enterprise Backup Utilities

As you can notice, I have used the sudo command, if you don’t have it enabled, I invite you to read our post so you can enable it without problems.

How to enable sudo on FreeBSD 12?

However, in the image, we can see many packages related to git and of course, the git package. So, since we’re in the official repositories, just run the following command:

:~$ sudo pkg install git
Updating FreeBSD repository catalogue...
FreeBSD repository is up to date.
All repositories are up to date.
The following 29 package(s) will be affected (of 0 checked):
New packages to be INSTALLED:
	git: 2.24.1
	p5-CGI: 4.44
	p5-HTML-Parser: 3.72
	p5-HTML-Tagset: 3.20_1
	perl5: 5.30.1
	expat: 2.2.8
	p5-IO-Socket-SSL: 2.066
	p5-Mozilla-CA: 20180117
	p5-Net-SSLeay: 1.85
	p5-IO-Socket-INET6: 2.72_1
	p5-Socket6: 0.29
	p5-Authen-SASL: 2.16_1
	p5-GSSAPI: 0.28_1
	p5-Digest-HMAC: 1.03_1
	python37: 3.7.6
	p5-Error: 0.17028
	curl: 7.67.0
	ca_root_nss: 3.50
	pcre: 8.43_2
	p5-subversion: 1.13.0
	utf8proc: 2.4.0
	subversion: 1.13.0
	serf: 1.3.9_4
	apr: 1.7.0.1.6.1
	gdbm: 1.18.1_1
	db5: 5.3.28_7
	liblz4: 1.9.2,1
	p5-Term-ReadKey: 2.38_1
	cvsps: 2.1_2
Number of packages to be installed: 29
The process will require 294 MiB more space.
56 MiB to be downloaded.
Proceed with this action? [y/N]:

When the installation is complete, you can run the Git command to test the operation.

:~$ git --version
git version 2.24.1

Now you can start working with Git.

Conclusion

Git is one of those applications that every developer must be able to manage to improve their workflow. So, you know how to install it on FreeBSD 12.

Please share this post and join our Telegram channel.

The post How to install GIT on FreeBSD 12? appeared first on Linux Windows and android Tutorials.

What is NodeJS

If you are an expert developer or already have some experience with it, you will know it is NodeJS. However, in case you are starting with it, it is a good idea to know what NodeJS is first.

NodeJS is a technology that allows running Javascript on the server-side using Google’s V8 engine. It is a real revolution in the way web applications are developed because it reduces the asymmetry of client and server performance.

Many important forms such as Linkedin or eBay were created using this technology. This shows us the power of NodeJS.

An advantage of NodeJS is that its syntax is similar to that of Javascript and therefore its learning curve decreases a lot.

So, let us start.

Install NodeJS on FreeBSD 12

First of all, all the commands we will use require you to be root. So it is a good idea to have sudo enabled and not work directly with the root user.

How to enable sudo on FreeBSD 12?

Now it is also convenient to do a system upgrade. Not only to install security patches but also to refresh the repositories.

:~$ sudo pkg update

The official FreeBSD repositories include NodeJS. So first we’ll search for them.

:~$ sudo pkg search node
bitcoinnodestats-g20171121_1   Basic Bitcoin node status and statistics web application
gstreamer-plugins-annodex-0.10.31_2,3 Gstreamer annodex CMML plugin
kadnode-2.2.5_1                P2P name resolution daemon
leafnode-1.11.11               NNTP package for offline news caching and reading
monodevelop-7.6.11.7_2         IDE for the .NET platform
munin-node-2.0.52              Node-specific part of Munin
node-13.3.0                    V8 JavaScript for client and server
node-thrift-0.11.0             Node.js bindings for the Apache Thrift RPC system
node10-10.17.0                 V8 JavaScript for client and server
node12-12.13.1                 V8 JavaScript for client and server
node8-8.16.2                   V8 JavaScript for client and server (8.x LTS)
node_exporter-0.18.1           Prometheus exporter for machine metrics
npm-node10-6.12.1              Node package manager
npm-node12-6.12.1              Node package manager
npm-node8-6.12.1               Node package manager
p5-Tree-DAG_Node-1.31          Super class for representing nodes in a tree
p5-Tree-Node-0.08_2            Memory-efficient tree nodes in Perl
p5-WebService-Linode-0.29      Perl Interface to the Linode.com API
p5-XML-Node-0.11_1             Perl5 module to extend and simplify XML::Parser
p5-XML-NodeFilter-0.01_1       XML::NodeFilter is an object that know how to "filter out" nodes
py27-certbot-dns-linode-1.0.0  Linode DNS Authenticator plugin for Certbot
py27-nodeenv-1.3.3             Node.js virtual environment builder
py37-certbot-dns-linode-1.0.0  Linode DNS Authenticator plugin for Certbot
py37-nodeenv-1.3.3             Node.js virtual environment builder
yarn-node10-1.19.1             Package manager for node, alternative to npm
yarn-node12-1.19.1             Package manager for node, alternative to npm
yarn-node8-1.19.1              Package manager for node, alternative to npm

As you can see from the screen output, there are several versions of NodeJS in the official repositories. At the time of writing this post, series 12 is the latest LTS and therefore the most reliable option.

So let’s install NodeJS with the following command:

:~$ sudo pkg install node12
Updating FreeBSD repository catalogue...
FreeBSD repository is up to date.
All repositories are up to date.
The following 5 package(s) will be affected (of 0 checked):
New packages to be INSTALLED:
	node12: 12.13.1
	libnghttp2: 1.40.0
	c-ares: 1.15.0_1
	libuv: 1.34.0
	icu: 65.1,1
Number of packages to be installed: 5
The process will require 86 MiB more space.
18 MiB to be downloaded.
Proceed with this action? [y/N]:

Now check the version of NodeJS installed with the following command:

:~$ node --version
v12.13.1

It is now convenient to install NPM.

Again, search for the package NPM.

:~$ sudo pkg search npm
Password:
npm-6.12.1                     Node package manager
npm-node10-6.12.1              Node package manager
npm-node12-6.12.1              Node package manager
npm-node8-6.12.1               Node package manager

As you can see in the image, there are several versions of NPM. Each of them depends on a specific version of NodeJS. Since we have installed NodeJS version 12, then we have to install NPM for that version.

:~$ sudo pkg install npm-node12
Updating FreeBSD repository catalogue...
FreeBSD repository is up to date.
All repositories are up to date.
The following 4 package(s) will be affected (of 0 checked):

New packages to be INSTALLED:
	npm-node12: 6.12.1
	python27: 2.7.17_1
	libffi: 3.2.1_3
	gmake: 4.2.1_3

Number of packages to be installed: 4

The process will require 90 MiB more space.
15 MiB to be downloaded.

Proceed with this action? [y/N]:

And that is it. Now you can use NodeJS without problems.

Conclusion

NodeJS is a rather interesting technology that is becoming increasingly popular in large web projects. So it’s always good to have it in our system. Today you have learned that installing it on FreeBSD 12 is quite simple.

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The post How to install NodeJS on FreeBSD 12? appeared first on Linux Windows and android Tutorials.

SQLite is a small, reliable and very fast database engine. It is one of the most efficient database engines in the world. In part, thanks to that made in C Language which makes it very efficient in managing the resources of the system.

In like manner, the development of SQLite is so important that many major companies participate in it. This is done through the SQLite Consortium. In addition, all the code is available to be downloaded, viewed and reused for being open source.

So, let us start.

Install SQLite on FreeBSD 12

First of all, the system must be upgraded, so to do this, execute the following command:

:~$ sudo pkg update

As you can see, I’m using sudo. If you don’t have sudo enabled, you can read our post:

How to enable sudo on FreeBSD 12?

SQLite is available in the FreeBSD 12 repositories. To make sure of this, we will search the repositories:

:~$ sudo pkg search sqlite

And we’ll get the next result:

R-cran-RSQLite-1.0.0_4         Database Interface R driver for SQLite
R-cran-RSQLite.extfuns-0.0.1_11 SQLite extension functions for RSQLite
bogofilter-sqlite-1.2.5_2      Fast, teachable, learning spam detector
exim-sqlite-4.92.3             High performance MTA for Unix systems on the Internet
fpc-sqlite-3.0.4_3             Free Pascal interface to SQLite
linux-c7-sqlite-3.7.17_1       Library that implements an embeddable SQL database engine (Linux CentOS 7.7.1908)
lua52-lsqlite3-0.9.5           LuaSQLite3 - a Lua 5.1 to 5.3 wrapper for the SQLite3 library
luasql-sqlite3-2.5.0           Lua interface to SQLite3
ocaml-sqlite3-4.0.5            OCaml bindings to sqlite3 library
opensmtpd-extras-table-sqlite-6.6.0,1 SQLite table support for OpenSMTPD
p5-Apache-Session-SQLite3-0.03_1 Use DBD::SQLite 1.x for Apache::Session storage
p5-CPAN-SQLite-0.199_2         Search CPAN using a SQLite database
p5-Class-DBI-SQLite-0.11_2     Extension to Class::DBI for sqlite
p5-DBD-SQLite-1.64             Provides access to SQLite3 databases through the DBI
p5-DBD-SQLite2-0.38            Provides access to SQLite2 databases through the DBI
p5-DBIx-SQLite-Simple-0.35     Easy access to SQLite databases using objects
p5-DateTime-Format-SQLite-0.11_1 Parse and format SQLite dates and times
p5-Email-Sender-Transport-SQLite-0.092002_1 Deliver mail to an SQLite db for testing
p5-SQLite-Work-0.16.01_1       Report on and update an SQLite database
php72-pdo_sqlite-7.2.27        The pdo_sqlite shared extension for php
php72-pear-DB_Sqlite_Tools-0.1.7 an object oriented interface to backup Sqlite databases
php72-sqlite3-7.2.27           The sqlite3 shared extension for php
php73-pdo_sqlite-7.3.14        The pdo_sqlite shared extension for php
php73-pear-DB_Sqlite_Tools-0.1.7 an object oriented interface to backup Sqlite databases
php73-sqlite3-7.3.14           The sqlite3 shared extension for php
php74-pdo_sqlite-7.4.2         The pdo_sqlite shared extension for php
php74-pear-DB_Sqlite_Tools-0.1.7 an object oriented interface to backup Sqlite databases
php74-sqlite3-7.4.2            The sqlite3 shared extension for php
proftpd-mod_sql_sqlite-1.3.6b_3 SQLite ProFTPD module
py27-sqlite3-2.7.17_7          Standard Python binding to the SQLite3 library (Python 2.7)
py27-sqlite3dbm-0.1.4_1        Sqlite-backed dictionary
py35-sqlite3-3.5.9_7           Standard Python binding to the SQLite3 library (Python 3.5)
py36-sqlite3-3.6.9_7           Standard Python binding to the SQLite3 library (Python 3.6)
py37-sqlite3-3.7.6_7           Standard Python binding to the SQLite3 library (Python 3.7)
py38-sqlite3-3.8.1_7           Standard Python binding to the SQLite3 library (Python 3.8)
pypy-sqlite3-6.0.0_1           Standard PyPy binding to the SQLite3 library
pypy3-sqlite3-6.0.0_1          Standard PyPy binding to the SQLite3 library
qt5-sqldrivers-sqlite2-5.13.2  Qt SQLite 2 database plugin
qt5-sqldrivers-sqlite3-5.13.2  Qt SQLite 3 database plugin
rubygem-dbd-sqlite3-1.2.5_1    SQLite3 driver for DBI-for-Ruby
rubygem-do_sqlite3-0.10.17     Ruby DataObjects driver to the SQLite DB engine version 3
rubygem-sqlite3-1.4.2          Ruby interface to the SQLite DB engine version 3
rubygem-sqlite3-ruby-1.3.3_1   Ruby interface to the SQLite DB engine version 3
sqlite-2.8.17_5                SQL database engine in a C library
sqlite-ext-miscfuncs-1.1_2     Math, string, and aggregate function library for SQLite
sqlite-ext-pcre-20100208_2     Regexp function for SQLite based on PCRE library
sqlite-ext-regexp-3.8.11.1_1   Regular-expression matcher using NFA engine for SQLite
sqlite-ext-spellfix-3.8.11.1_1 Search large vocabulary for close matches for SQLite
sqlite3-3.30.1                 SQL database engine in a C library
sqlitebrowser-3.11.2_1         Visual tool to manage SQLite databases
sqliteconvert-0.1.2            Tools to convert SQLite3 schema files into documentation
sqlitejdbc-056_2               Java JDBC driver for SQLite
sqlitemanager-1.2.4            Multilingual web based tool to manage SQLite database
sqliteodbc-0.9996              ODBC driver for SQLite 3
sqliteodbc-sqlite2-0.9996      ODBC driver for SQLite 2
sqlitestudio-3.2.1_8           SQLite database GUI manager
tcl-sqlite3-3.30.1             SQLite extension for Tcl using the Tcl Extension Architecture (TEA)
vsqlite-0.3.13_17              Well designed and portable SQLite3 Wrapper for C++

As we can see in the image and in the screen output of the command, SQLite versions 2 and 3 are available. In this case, we will install version 3.

:~$ sudo pkg install sqlite3
Updating FreeBSD repository catalogue...
FreeBSD repository is up to date.
All repositories are up to date.
The following 2 package(s) will be affected (of 0 checked):

New packages to be INSTALLED:
sqlite3: 3.30.1
readline: 8.0.1

Number of packages to be installed: 2

The process will require 8 MiB more space.
2 MiB to be downloaded.

Proceed with this action? [y/N]:

Once the installation is finished, we proceed to show the version of the program.

:~$ sqlite3 --version

Now let’s use it a little.

Using SQLite

Now that it is installed, we can create a new database in the following way:

:~$ sqlite3 example.db

In this case, it’s called example.db but you can give it another name.

Inside it, we’ll be able to create a table with several fields.

For example:

CREATE TABLE Student
(
Go VARCHAR(25) NOT NULL,
Name VARCHAR(25) NOT NULL,
Last_Name VARCHAR(25) NOT NULL,
Age INTEGER(2) NOT NULL,
CONSTRAINT pk_Student PRIMARY KEY (Id)
);

Of course, you can modify these values as you wish. Even add more.

Also, we’ll add some example data:

INSERT INTO Student (Id, Name, Last_Name, Age) VALUES ('Xy01','peter','bees',18);

And finally, we show them:

SELECT * FROM Student;

And that is it.

Remember that you can install SQLite Browse from the official repositories of almost all Linux distributions as well as on FreeBSD.

Conclusion

SQLite is a great database application and if we learn to use it, it would be a great help for our projects. Installing it is very easy and gives us a lot of work possibilities. In addition, the SQLite Browser makes the workflow too easy.

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Set up vsftpd on FreeBSD 12

Before starting with this installation, it is convenient to have sudo enabled for your regular user. It is not mandatory, but this will avoid working directly with the root user.

So, read our post about it:

How to enable sudo on FreeBSD 12?

We will also have to install the nano text editor to make file editing easier:

:~$ sudo pkg install nano

With this, we’ll be able to work quietly.

1.- Install vsftpd on FreeBSD 12

First, you need to install vvsftpd on FreeBSD 12.

So, open the terminal and navigate to the folder where the port is.

:~$ cd /usr/ports/ftp/vsftp

Then, install it with the following command:

:~$ sudo make install clean

During the installation process, you will see a screen as in the image above. You can leave everything as it is.

At the end of the installation, you will see an image similar to this:

Now install another port to increase the security of vsftpd.

:~$ cd /usr/ports/security/pam_pwdfile
:~$ sudo make install clean
===>  Staging for pam_pwdfile-1.0
===>   Generating temporary packing list
install  -s -o root -g wheel -m 444   -S  pam_pwdfile.so /usr/ports/security/pam_pwdfile/work/stage/usr/local/lib/
====> Compressing man pages (compress-man)
===>  Installing for pam_pwdfile-1.0
===>  Checking if pam_pwdfile is already installed
===>   Registering installation for pam_pwdfile-1.0
Installing pam_pwdfile-1.0...
===>  Cleaning for pam_pwdfile-1.0

As in the vsftpd installation, you will see an image where you can add a feature or not. Just keep it as it is.

To authenticate vsftpd users correctly, we have to add some lines to a pam.d configuration file

:~$ sudo nano /etc/pam.d/vsftpd
auth required /usr/local/lib/pam_pwdfile.so pwdfile /usr/local/etc/vsftpd_login.db
account required /usr/lib/pam_permit.so

Save the changes and close the file.

2.- Configuring vsftpd to work properly

Once vsftpd is installed, you have to make settings so you can start and work properly.

First of all, you have to create a new user on the system so you can use the server.

:~$ sudo adduser -v

And then, complete the information with the values you want.

Username: angeloftp
Full name: angelo
Uid (Leave empty for default): 
Login group [angeloftp]: 
Login group is angeloftp. Invite angeloftp into other groups? []: 
Login class [default]: 
Shell (sh csh tcsh nologin) [sh]: nologin
Home directory [/home/angeloftp]: 
Home directory permissions (Leave empty for default): 
Use password-based authentication? [yes]: 
Use an empty password? (yes/no) [no]: 
Use a random password? (yes/no) [no]: 
Enter password: 
Enter password again: 
Lock out the account after creation? [no]: 
Username   : angeloftp
Password   : *****
Full Name  : angelo
Uid        : 1003
Class      : 
Groups     : angeloftp 
Home       : /home/angeloftp
Home Mode  : 
Shell      : /usr/sbin/nologin
Locked     : no
OK? (yes/no): yes
adduser: INFO: Successfully added (angeloftp) to the user database.
Add another user? (yes/no): no
Goodbye!

So, you can modify the user and password parameters. The rest you can keep the same.

Now, let’s modify the vsftpd configuration file. In this file are all the settings we can have. Before modifying it, let’s make a backup of it:

:~$ sudo mv /usr/local/etc/vsftpd.conf /usr/local/etc/vsftpd.conf.bak

And now, yes, you proceed to modify it:

:~$ sudo nano /usr/local/etc/vsftpd.conf

In my case, the configuration that works for me without problems is the following:

anonymous_enable=NO
anon_upload_enable=NO
anon_mkdir_write_enable=NO
local_enable=YES
write_enable=YES
listen_port=21
dirmessage_enable=YES
xferlog_enable=YES
connect_from_port_20=YES
xferlog_file=/var/log/vsftpd.log
xferlog_std_format=YES
secure_chroot_dir=/usr/local/share/vsftpd/empty
max_clients=200
max_per_ip=100
chroot_local_user=YES
text_userdb_names=YES
force_dot_files=NO
anon_root=/home/ftp
async_abor_enable=YES
use_localtime=YES
listen=YES
background=YES
allow_writeable_chroot=YES

Of course, this is an example. You can always explore other options and for that we refer you to the vsftp official documentation.

Again, save the changes and close the file.

Now you have to add users to vsftpd, but first you have to create the file where the users and their passwords will be. To do this, we’ll use a tool called htpasswd. And use this command:

:~$ sudo htpasswd -c -b /usr/local/etc/vsftpd_login.db [username] [password]

Changes the permissions of the created file:

:~$ sudo chmod 0600 /usr/local/etc/vsftpd_login.db

In username and password replace it with the user we created earlier.

In case htpasswd is not available, you can get it by installing the apache web server.

:~$ sudo pkg install apache24
Updating FreeBSD repository catalogue...
FreeBSD repository is up to date.
All repositories are up to date.
The following 8 package(s) will be affected (of 0 checked):

New packages to be INSTALLED:
	apache24: 2.4.41
	libnghttp2: 1.40.0
	libxml2: 2.9.10
	expat: 2.2.8
	pcre: 8.43_2
	apr: 1.7.0.1.6.1
	gdbm: 1.18.1_1
	db5: 5.3.28_7

Number of packages to be installed: 8

The process will require 92 MiB more space.
20 MiB to be downloaded.

Proceed with this action? [y/N]:

If you want to add new users, you can do it with the following command:

:~$ sudo htpasswd -b /usr/local/etc/vsftpd_login.db USERNAME PASSWORD

Configure vsftpd to start with the system by editing the following file

:~$ sudo nano /etc/rc.conf

And in it he adds the following:

vsftpd_enable="YES"

Finally, the vsftpd service starts.

:~$ sudo /usr/local/etc/rc.d/vsftpd start

Now the creature is alive.

Access to the FTP server

Now that the service is working, we have to test it. Open your favorite web browser and go to ftp://server-ip.

First you will need to enter your username and password and then you will see the following:

You can also use a graphic client on your computer like Filezilla.

Add a new connection and type in your credentials:

After accepting the connection and entering the password, it will connect. And as you can see, everything has been successful:

So, everything’s in order.

Conclusion

An FTP server on FreeBSD can be a secure alternative for sharing files on a network. It is as easy to set up as you have seen it today.

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The post How to set up vsftpd on FreeBSD 12? appeared first on Linux Windows and android Tutorials.