How to use Windows 10 terminal help.

In particular, the help allows you to obtain the complete list of available commands. Don’t worry, there are actually not many. This is something we can do from the command prompt. Additionally, there is no distinction between a normal user and an administrator. Please note that the terminal is not case-sensitive, so it makes no difference whether we use lower case or upper case. With this in mind, we will use the following command:

HELP

Consequently, we will be able to develop the help of each particular command. Specifically, help shows the function of the command as such. However, it does not display the complete help for a command. I mean, all the commands we saw in the previous list have their help section. This applies even to the command prompt itself. In effect, the help opens another instance of the terminal. l. To use the help in a command, type the command followed by /? Using this syntax:

BREAK /?

CD /?

The information may be more extensive than what is shown in the window. Consequently, it is offered to press some keys to move to the next information screen. Another way to do this is to use the command:

HELP DIR

How to clean the terminal screen.

After executing and executing commands, the screen will logically fill up with characters. Consequently, it is likely that at some point we will want to clean them up. With this in mind, we will use the following command:

CLS

How to force the termination of a command.

Occasionally, we run a command, and it is taking a long time to finish. Or we simply run it accidentally. Consequently, if you want to finish it in a forced way, then you must press the combination Ctrl + C, and it will finish:

How to view the command history and use them again.

The Windows terminal has a buffer where it stores the last executed commands, whether correct or erroneous. This serves to speed up the tasks we do. Consequently, we will be able to reuse them if we press the Up or Down arrow keys on the Prompt. Additionally, we can write the last command by pressing the Right directional key. We can also display the complete list of commands. To accomplish this, just press F7.

Using directory navigation.

One of the most used functions of the CMD is to be able to navigate through the file directories. To display the directory where you are currently located, please use the following command:

DIR

Note that you can expand the information by using the help command shown above.

On the other hand, we can show the content of any directory even if we are not inside it. To achieve this, just type DIR and then the full or relative path:

DIR <directory path>

Directories in the operating system have a tree-like composition. Consequently, we will go up as we go deeper into folders and subfolders. On the contrary, we will go down if we go out of them.

CD <directory path>

CD..

How to create directories with the Windows terminal.

Next we will see another command related to directory navigation. Specifically, we will see how to create folders, with or without additional properties. The command will be as follows:

MKDIR <path where the new directory will be created>

Let’s learn to erase as well

We have seen how to create directories and files. Well, we can also delete them via commands. Specifically, we will use the DEL command to delete files and the RD command to delete directories.

DEL <file path>

RD <directory path>

It is also possible to copy and paste.

This Windows classic could not be missed. Yes, the Windows terminal also allows copy and paste. Let’s see the syntax:

XCOPY <path of file or directory to copy> <path of the location where to paste>

You only have to select the origin and after a space to add the destination. In addition, there are arguments to recursively copy the entire contents of a directory, to overwrite the contents already existing in the destination and others. It even works with shared drives over the network, as if we do it graphically.

Complete files and view files on the go.

This option is intended to speed up navigation. All commands that take paths or filenames as arguments allow auto-completion of the filename. For this purpose, just start typing the name of the folder or file. Then press TAB and the name will be completed. Note that the path is enclosed in quotes to allow for spaces, accents and other characters.

Running simultaneous or conditional commands in Windows terminal

In some cases, the Windows terminal behaves like the GNU/Linux terminal. Indeed, it can execute multiple commands succeeding or under certain conditions. This option becomes relevant for scripts that are executed line by line and small programs created by the user. Check the characters to be added:

[…] & […] 

Let’s see how they are used. With the symbol & we will be indicating to the terminal to run the second command when it finishes running the first one. Independently of the result of the first command. To clarify, it is an AND function. For example:

ipconfig /release & ipconfig /renew

In this case, the status of the network connections will be checked first. Then the IP address and the configuration of all of them will be renewed.

Let’s look at another use:

[…] && […]

We are talking about a classic if conditional. In effect, the second command will only be executed if the first one has shown a successful result or has concluded correctly. If the first command fails, the second command will not be executed either. Let’s see:

cd Documents\folder && mkdir Documents\folder\docs

We will only create the docs directory if we have been able to access Documents first. Let’s look at another use:

[…] || […]

In this case, the second command will only be executed if the first one has not been executed successfully. In fact, it is just the opposite of the previous command. Specifically, it is an if-but-no command:

cd Documents\folder || mkdir Documents\folder

For this condition, we will only create the folder directory if we have not been able to access it because it did not previously exist. These are certainly simple examples, but they can be very useful when executing more complex tasks.

Conclusion

Very well, in last instance we have seen how to use the terminal of Windows 10. I hope to have clarified your doubts, if you want some topic in particular, let us know in the comments. Bye!

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How to restart Windows Server 2022

The first thing you have to do is to open a CMD as administrator. Then use the following syntax:

shutdown /r /t time

Please replace Time with the time you want to wait for the server to restart.

This means that after 200 seconds, the server will be restarted. On the other hand, it is possible to add a message at restart time. For this purpose, just add the -c parameter:

shutdown /r /t time -c  message

The server will restart after the timeout period has elapsed. On the other hand, sometimes there are open programs that prevent a restart. In such a case it is possible to force a shutdown using the following command:

shutdown /r /f

It is even possible to schedule this task for a remote computer. With this in mind, use the following syntax:

shutdown /r /f /m \\Computer

How to shutdown Windows Server 2022 with commands

The commands for shutting down the server are very similar to that for restarting it. In fact, only the first element changes. So use the following syntax:

shutdown /s /t time

To add a message we use the -c parameter as follows:

shutdown /s /t time -c message

To force applications to close we run:

shutdown /s /f

It is also possible to use it with remote computers:

shutdown /s /f /m \\COMPUTER

Ultimately, we have seen how to shutdown and reboot Windows Server 2022 with commands. Consequently, we have an expeditious way to manage these tasks on the server. Bye!

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Use CMD to delete folders and files

The idea of a terminal is traditionally associated with Linux operating systems. However, Windows also has its own terminal inherited from MS-DOS. This is known as Command Prompt. You will probably have used the PING command to check internet connectivity or cd to go to the hard drive directories. However, we will see how to delete folders and files using the CMD. Although it is more comfortable to use the graphical interface, it is always convenient to have this method. Because, sometimes the search button is broken. With this in mind we will use the DEL command. Next, please use the CD command to enter the directory. The syntax is as follows:

 DEL /F /A file.extension

Please remember to replace the file name with its respective extension. To enter the cmd, just press the Win+Q combination and type CMD.

The /F switch allows you to force the file to be deleted. While the /A allows to delete only the files marked as ready for archiving by Windows.

How to delete folders with CMD

To delete folders, the process is similar to that of deleting files. However, the change is to use the RD command. Similarly, use the CD command to enter the directory where the folder to be deleted is located. To delete folders, the process is similar to that of deleting files. However, the change is to use the RD command. Similarly, use the CD command to enter the directory where the folder to be deleted is located. The syntax is as follows:

 RD /S folder

Please remember to replace folder with the name of the folder to be deleted.

The /S parameter indicates that we will also delete all subfolders within the folder. If it is not used and there is a folder inside, it will not delete the main folder.

What to do if there is an error message that prevents you from deleting the folder

It is likely that when you use the DEl or RD command, the system will throw an error message that prevents you from doing the task. This usually happens because of a permission problem. Specifically, when you try to delete a folder you don’t own. Or when trying to delete a system folder. In those cases, CMD will not allow you to delete the folder or file. To solve this problem, just open CMD with administrator privileges:

In this way, it is possible to delete any type of folder or file. The exception is if you try to delete a protected system file.

Conclusion

In the final analysis, we saw how to delete files and folders from the CMD in Windows 10. If you like to manage your computer with the terminal, then this is your option. Before saying goodbye, I invite you to our post about an alternative dock for Windows 10. Bye!

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Chocolatey. A package manager for Windows.

This is a concept traditionally associated with Linux operating systems and away from the Windows ecosystem. In simple terms, it consists in that when installing a program, not only the main package is downloaded, but also the packages on which the program depends. It seems like a complex process, but in reality what it does is simplify the process. Well, Chocolatey what it does is bring this philosophy to Windows. Consequently, it is possible to install apps with a command line command. On the other hand, by installing apps in the traditional way, you run the risk of downloading PUPs or even malware.

Chocolatey makes sure to download the programs from their verified and reliable source. Specifically, there are more than 7,500 packages available to be installed. In the list, there are such well-known options as Google Chrome, Skype, Adobe Acrobat Reader. But there are also free and open source software available, such as 7-Zip, VLC or Mozilla Firefox. First, let’s install the package manager. This requires running a PowerShell with administrative privileges. With this intention, press the Win+X combination and execute the console:

Once the console is open, please execute the following command:

Set-ExecutionPolicy Bypass -Scope Process -Force; [System.Net.ServicePointManager]::SecurityProtocol = [System.Net.ServicePointManager]::SecurityProtocol -bor 3072; iex ((New-Object System.Net.WebClient).DownloadString('https://chocolatey.org/install.ps1'))

It can be seen that the installation route is in C:\ProgramData\chocolatey In the same way, the subdirectory lib is used for the packages.

Install and uninstall apps with Chocolatey.

Once downloaded and installed, you are ready for the first steps with Chocolatey. First, to access help, please run this command from the PowerShell:

 choco /?  

To see if a package is available, use the search command::

search

To install it, just run this command:

choco install winrar

Please note that you always have to confirm the installation.

To uninstall the program just use the command:

uninstall

Other useful commands from Chocolatey.

Once you have several programs installed using Chocolatey, it is possible to update them all using the update command:

choco update

To install several programs at once, use the install command followed by the names of all the packages. Example:

choco Install firefox 7zip vlc skype 

In this example four popular apps will be installed. These are the Firefox browser, the 7zip file uncompressor, the VLC media player and the Skype video calling and messaging app. On the other hand, to install the Chocolatey graphic manager, run this command:

 choco install chocolateygui 

Besides, to see a list of all available packages, use this command:

choco list

Conclusion

Ultimately, we’ve seen how to install apps on Windows 10 using the command line. Consequently, you have another interesting option to install programs quickly and safely. Likewise, you can see the programs available and their respective command from the Chocolatey website. All right, that’s it for now. Before saying goodbye I invite you to see our post about the next Windows 10 update. See you soon!

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There are very simple commands to use and others not so simple, for now we will focus on two very simple but useful commands when performing tasks in the terminal, especially if you are a system administrator, the ZCAT and CAT commands.

First we go with zcat!!

Actually both commands are simple and similar to use, first we will deal with zcat.

zcat is a command for unix systems such as GNU/LINUX that allows us to view the contents of compressed files from the command line.

Its use from the terminal is simple and uses this syntax:

zcat [OPTION]… [FILE]…

Using the help of zcat in the terminal we visualize the available options:

Its use is simple. First we will create 4.txt files and then we will compress them for our example.

:~$ mkdir zcat_command
:~$ cd zcat_command
:~$ touch r{1..3}.txt
:~$ nano r1.txt // we add some text
:~$ gzip r1.txt r2.txt r3.txt

the result of this is the creation of 3 compressed text files with extension.txt.gz

Now we’re ready to go.

• Display the contents of a compressed text file with gz

:~$ zcat r1.txt.gz

• Displaying the contents of multiple files at the same time

We can display the contents of several files at once:

:~$ zcat file1 file2
:~$ zcat r1.txt.gz r2.txt.gz

We will get the contents of each file successively:

• Enabling pagination

To enable pagination we can do it with less or more

:~$ zcat file | more
:~$ zcat file | less
:~$ zcat r1.txt.gz | more
:~$ zcat r1.txt.gz | less

• Force Mode

By default zcat only works with.gz compressed files but it can be used with uncompressed files by forcing them to run.

:~$ zcat -f file
:~$ nano t1.txt // add hello
:~$ zcat -f t1.txt

• Showing compressed file properties

It is also possible to show the properties of a file by using the option -l

:~$ zcat -l file.gz
:~$ zcat -l r1.txt.gz

Now it’s cat’s turn

The cat command is very similar in its use and functionality to zcat, but this time we will work with uncompressed text files. But it also serves to concatenate the output of several files by the standard output of the terminal. We will also have a new feature, which is that cat allows us to concatenate text files to be displayed in a single output by the terminal.

First we’ll examine the help the command gives us from your terminal:

We will examine several examples to demonstrate how to use this command:

• Display the contents of a text file

This is the most basic way to use the cat command:

:~$ cat path_of_the_file
:~$ cat file1

• Display the contents of multiple files

It is also possible to display several files at once, for this purpose:

:~$ cat path_of_the_file1 path_of_the_file2 ...
:~$ cat file1.txt file2.txt

• Identify Specific File Content

If, as in the previous example, we need to show the contents of several files, it is very useful to identify when one line is finished and the other starts. Using the -e option we can do that, because at the end of the line’s content display it places the $ sign

:~$ cat -e file1.txt file2.txt

• Add Number of Lines in Output

However, showing the lines that a file has is very easy and its use is highly recommended to better examine the file.

:~$ cat -n file1.txt

• Copy Contents of One file to Another

cat comes from “concatenate” so we can pass the content from one file to another.

:~$ cat file1.txt > file2.txt
:~$ cat file2.txt

With this > cat operator, it reads the contents of the first file and overwrites the second file.

• Combine or Append the Content of One File to Another

Now if we want to “combine” the contents of one file with another we must use the >> operator.

:~$ cat file1.txt >> file2.txt
:~$ cat file2.txt

As you can see cat reads the content of the first file and combines it with the second one.

As a result, we can say that these very similar commands in their use are of great help to get a taste for the terminal of any Unix system, or in this case, of GNU/LINUX. Both are simple to use, and their usefulness is very diverse according to what we need.

Try using these and other commands, please share this article through your social networks.

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Please note: This process will not work if you do not have the Admin account credentials.

Assuming that you do have the credentials, this is how you can add/remove user accounts in Windows 10 with a command line.

• Right click on the “Start Menu” button and select “Command Prompt (Admin)” option from the menu or Press “Windows + X” buttons and then select “Command Prompt (Admin)” from the menu.
• If prompted for confirmation, click “Yes”.
• This will open the “Command Window”.

New User Account Creation

You can use this window to both add and/or remove user accounts. If you wish to add a user, use this command:

“net user UserName Password /add”

Where

UserName = The username of the new account you wish to create.

Password = The password for the new user account.

For instance, if I need to create a new account with the name “Joe” and the password “joehatescandy”, I’ll use the code:

“net user Joe joehatescandy /add” 

After you press enter, the Command Window will display the message: “The command completed successfully” signifying the successful creation of the desired user account.

Please note: In the above mentioned code the space between the Password and ‘/add’ is part of the syntax. If not used, the code will not execute correctly.

Tip: If you do not wish for the account password to be displayed, then you can use the following code:

“net user UserName * /add” 

After you press “Enter”, the Command Window will ask you to type in the password twice and it will not be displayed on the screen.

Existing User Account Deletion

The deletion process is similar to the above mentioned addition process. In order to delete an existing user account, you need to know the name of the user account (case-sensitive). Assuming that you know the name of the user account, this is the code you’ll need to use to delete it:

“net user UserName /delete” 

Where

UserName = The name of the existing user account.

For instance, if I wish to delete the earlier created user account “Joe”, I’ll use the code:

“net user Joe /delete” 

After typing the code press “Enter”. Once the process is completed the Command Window will display the message: “The command completed successfully” signifying the successful deletion of the user account.

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