Prerequisites

In our scenario following will be basic settings:

Disk capacity: 30 G

RAM: 2 G

Domain Name: wwww.rajdemo.com

Server IP Address: 172.16.10.222

Forwarder zone file name: forward.rajdemo.com

Reverse Zone file name : reverse.rajdemo.com

Configuration of DNS Server

Check IP address of Server first.

Change hostname for server. Edit /etc/hostname file

# echo /etc/hostname 

To run dns service, lets install required packaged.

# yum install bind bind-utils -y

First, configure /etc/named.conf file. Here, in this file we require to define acls. forward and reverse zone files also indicated in the same file. Lets have a look.

Define ACLs, Bind services work batter if acl is defined for desired network.

Provide your Server IP address details on listening port i.e. port 53.

Enable allow-query as allowed.

Denote where your forward zone file will be.

zone "forward.rajdemo.com" IN {
type master;
file "/var/named/forward.rajdemo.com";
allow-update { none; };
};

Lets BIND know where will be your reverse zone file.

zone "10.16.172.in-addr.arpa" IN {
type master;
file "/var/named/reverse.rajdemo.com";
allow-update { none; };
};

Have a final look on conf file.

Configure Forward zone file first.

# vim /var/named/forward.rajdemo.com

Amend configuration settings as below.

$TTL 86400
@ IN SOA www.rajdemo.com. admin.rajdemo.com. (
2021062301 ; serial
3600 ; refresh
1800 ; retry
604800 ; expire
86400 ) ; minimum TTL
;
; nameservers
IN NS www.rajdemo.com.
;
; DNS Server IP addresses and hostnames
@ IN A 172.16.10.222

Similarly, amend the reverse zone configuration file as well. Make sure to change settings as per your requirements. In reverse configuration files don’t forget to point IP address as PTR record.

#vim /var/named/reverse.rajdemo.com

$TTL 86400
@ IN SOA www.rajdemo.com. admin.rajdemo.com. (
2021062302 ; serial
3600 ; refresh
1800 ; retry
604800 ; expire
86400 ) ; minimum TTL
;
;nameservers
IN NS www.rajdemo.com.
;
;nameserver IP addresses
IN A 172.16.10.222
;
; nameserver PTR records
222 IN PTR www.rajdemo.com.
;

Now, all of our configuration settings are up to the mark. Time to test our settings. First of all, we will run a configuration check utility. If all configurations as tunes, this command will show no output. Let’s try.

 # named-checkconf  

Lets check all our zone files one by one, check forward zone file first.

#named-checkzone www.rajdemo.com /var/named/forward.rajdemo.com

Check reverse zone, if that’s working fine or not.

#named-checkzone 10.16.172.in-addr.arpa /var/named/reverse.rajdemo.com

Output

All configurations, seems good to go. Enable bind service on firewall.

systemctl enable --now named

firewall-cmd --add-service=dns --permanent

Conclusion

You can expect more articles based on Rocky Linux. We will cover all possible services soon.

The post setup DNS Server with Rocky Linux appeared first on Linux Windows and android Tutorials.

Installation and Features

Key features are:

1. Web-based application, easy to manage and configure.
2. GUI-based easy configuration setup, where you can schedule services quickly.
3. Available for Windows, Mac, and almost all of the Linux derivatives.
4. Maximum of the cloud platform work here.
5. GUI Schedular, plan backups per your time.
6. Secured access, require auth id to access.
7. Data can be restored in few steps.
8. Detailed documentation available, if looking for support.
9. You can pause backups if something wrong happens.

I will be using MS Windows and Linux (Mint) for installation demo purposes. Download Duplicati for Windows first.

After installation, browser based app will open.

Schedule your first backup. Click to add backup and move ahead.

Define backup destination, where data will be stored.

Google Drive access requires auth id. Click on the link to get your id. Google service will ask for authorization. Login with your google drive id.

Authorize to access desired google account. Click to allow.

Choose which accounts will keep backup, make sure it have enough storage space.

After successful integration with Google drive, authID generated. You can test connection, if required.

Looks like all settings are working fine.

Time scheduling for your backups.

Here, keep things as default. Backup splits up into multiple files called volume. Save to schedule your data backup.

Now, lets see how to restore data backup. Have a look on created backup.

Restore data, click on demo backup (Demo is the name we provided for our testing). Click on run now to stark backing up immediately. You can see data backing up. After process is complete, 100% progress is visible.

Restore back, again it will ask for google drive authentication id, simply follow step as mentioned in previous steps.

Provided with required settings, now you can restore data.

Conclusion

You can manage quick backups with Duplicati. It’s a simple yet reliable utility that does not require any expertise to manage. Multiple OS support makes it an even more reliable platfrom.

The post Backing up your data with Duplicati appeared first on Linux Windows and android Tutorials.

Installation and Features

Download Garuda OS from this link. Here, I have used Virtual environment for demonstration purpose.

1. Boot distro. As per official recommendations you must have at least 30 G of storage and 4 G of RAM. Click to install.

2. Select Location.

3. IT would show Indian Keyboard and standard, opt default keyboard layout.

4. Define partitions as per your requirements.

5. Define username and password.

6. Have a look on settings and allow to being the installation.

7. After Installation is over, reboot when all done.

8. Login Garuda Machine, to reveal its beauty.

Features of Garuda Linux

Garuda Linux is a derivative of Arch Linux. It comes with 15 different variants. BTRFS is used as the default file system, Its neon GUI makes you feel like working with a futuristic Operating System.

When we talk about GUI, it’s out of this world. The vibrant neon look makes it really attractive. Icons are sleek and sophisticated.

Attractive tweaks, makes things really smart and out of the box.

Few unique feature which you will not see in any other operating system also make Garuda as different breed.

With Assistant you can manage things in an easy way, beyond your expectations.

Timeshift keeping snapshots of the operating system will never let your system down, keep time to time snapshots. You can keep 5 previous timestamps.

A very lightweight File System manager, with sleek appearance keep performance on the top.

For Garuda, the final verdict is that it’s a decent, one of the world’s most beautiful and futuristic operating system. The way it has been built and its reliability appear to be, soon that gonna grab a big market chunk.

The post World’s Most Beautiful Linux Garuda appeared first on Linux Windows and android Tutorials.

Features

The key features of Freedombox are following.

Reliable platform:

It’s an open-source software platform and an official partner of Debian. So, we can expert long-term support, stability, and trust as well.

File Sharing:

Provide file sharing service with Dropbox, you can share items with Friends and family.

Secured VPN connection:

Comes with OpenVPN, access you resources whenever required.

Proxy Server:

proxy server provided, can be used to distributed internet among your family members or team mated.

Chat Service:

You can communicate with team without bothering security and privacy concerns.

Data backup and Data Storage:

Inbuilt Network Accessible storage can be utilized to have centralized backups and storage.

Organize your hours

With FreedomBox you can organize and sync calendars and contacts.

Install and setup Server

While installing services, make sure that this server is a fresh installation. After this installation is over no GUI will be visible anymore. Recommended to use this server as dedicated for freedombox only.

Update server.

$ sudo apt-get update 

Install package.

$sudo apt-get install -y freedombox-setup

Provide administrator password.

Ensure LDAP url access is per your need, have a look.

Define DNS services.

Define LDAP lookup service. Click next.

Mail service, if required. Click next.

When installation is almost complete, you will get following message. A secret key will be gnerated which you have to keep safe.

                                                                                                                                                                                                      FreedomBox first wizard secret - sv706mkDyRFUJVXM                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Please note down the above secret. You will be asked to enter this in the first screen after you launch the FreedomBox web interface. In case you lose it, you can retrieve it by running the following   │  command:                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              $ sudo cat /var/lib/plinth/firstboot-wizard-secret        

Browse service, when installation is over.

The provide the secret key, click next.

Setup adminsitartion account, provide username and password of your choice.

What type of internet you have ? provide details and proceed.

Define router settings and move ahead.

Congratulations, your setup in complete. Just configure service per your needs.

Conclusion

Freedombox is a decent server. You require a Debian-based derivate to install the server. Installation might be lengthy, so be careful with each and every step.

The post FreedomBox your personal home server appeared first on Linux Windows and android Tutorials.

Key features of Proxmox

A open source KVM (Kernel based virtual machine platform), which is 100% free and open source.

• Web-based management makes it easy to manage all resources.
• Easy and quick backup of all running instances.
• Flexible storage option.
• In build, a firewall helps to protect infrastructure.

Step by step installation

Pre-requites

Download the ISO image of Proxmox from this link. RAID-enabled 02 drive (1 TB each) drives, 16 G RAM, and are the minimum recommendation for server setup.

Install

Burn cd and boot server, select install Proxmox VE option.

Accept EULA and proceed.

Here, select target installation media and proceed, make sure to opt appropriate drive.

Define your default time zone to proceed.

Provide login credentials. These are root credentials for web login, root will be the user name.

Provide IP address details along with gateway and DNS. This ip address will be used to manager server. Click next.

Here, review all of your opted settings. Now you can begin to install Proxmox OS.

Installation may take a while, all partitions and other defined settings will occur automatically.

An IP address will be visible when the installation process is complete, that IP address belongs to the Proxmox management console.

Login and see if thigs are up to the mark or not, have a look.

Web access.

Login, provide root as username.

You will be able to see all required settings and configurations.

Create VM provide required OS details and ISO images.

For demonstration purpose, I have installed Ubuntu OS. Have a look.

Proxmox can be used for SMB level organizations. Its easy backups and deployment can save lots of time and money.

The post Enterprise virtualization with Proxmox appeared first on Linux Windows and android Tutorials.

Prerequisites to install sshfs

Here, for the demonstration I will be using Mint OS for Server and a client Mint machine.

My Server IP – 192.168.135.128/24

Client IP – 192.168.135.129/24

User with similar name should similar with both of the parties (server and client).

Install sshfs Services

Install services

$ sudo apt-get update 

$ sudo apt-get install sshfs

Mount File System over remote

Here, we require to create a demonstration directory, required to get share over sshfs remotely. First, confirm that you are able to connect to remote sessions. Make sure ssh ports are allowed over the firewall. You can refer to this article to see how to allow or block ports on a Linux system.

Start firewall service, first.

$ sudo ufw enable

Enable ssh on the firewall.

$ sudo ufw allow ssh

Have a look, whether service is up or not ? Repeat same for both server and client.

$ ufw status numbered

Output

Status: active
To Action From
-- ------ ----
[ 1] 22/tcp ALLOW IN Anywhere
[ 2] 22/tcp (v6) ALLOW IN Anywhere (v6)

Create a directoy on 192.168.135.129, this directory will be used as mount.

$ mkdir sshmount

Now mount that directory to remote i.e. 192.168.135.128. Let’s mount drive.

$ sshfs mint@192.168.135.129:/home/mint/sshmount /tmp/

But, I got following error.

fuse: mountpoint is not empty
fuse: if you are sure this is safe, use the 'nonempty' mount option

Now you

To avoid this error, we will use -o option with ‘nonempty’ argument.

$ sshfs -o nonempty mint@192.168.135.129:/home/mint/sshmount /tmp/

It will be mounted successfully now.

Now, cd to /tmp directory and try to create text file, we will see whether text is visible in original directory as well or not.

Create text file in mounted /tmp directory.

$ cd /tmp && touch example.txt 

Lets switch to other machine and see, if that created file is visible here or not.

Login to 192.168.135.129

$ cd /home/mint/sshmount 

$ ls 

Conclusion

To mount file system securely on a remote desktop, sshfs can be a quick method. Some time it might show some errors while mounting, use -o option with required argument.

The post Mount remote directory using sshfs appeared first on Linux Windows and android Tutorials.

For the last few days, I was looking for some chat app for my office. Suddenly, I notice a new chat app i.e. PUMBLE.

I can guarantee that Pumble is a newly emerging team chat app. Though, a lot of big players are already in the market. But, when I went through the features of that chat app, I immediately started deploying it for my organization. Let’s discuss the features, pros, and cons of Pumble.

What is Pumble?

During this pandemic situation, maximum of the organization are preferring work from home. Lots of paid applications are there already. Pumble can give a really tough competition to its competitors. And, the reason is the flowless ness and features of that product

1. Familiar interface.

I would just say, the user interface almost looks like MS Teams ^R. So, new users will not face any difficulty while using it. Very sleek icons, quick to set up, and lightweight application.

2. Personalized channels

Teams can easily collaborate by creating team level channels. Users can chat and share data quickly.

3. Multiple themes

Themes can be preferred. Dark or light themes are available.

3. Easy to setup

A very simple to install application, sign up, download and start using it.

4. Multiple platform support.

Application is for MS Windows, Mac, Android, and Linux. Which makes that platform even more effective and easy to use.

5. Centralized control via admin panel.

A very rich admin panel, where you can manage, edit, or remove users. You can invite team members via admin panel.

Pros and Cons

I would personally recommend to use that tool, based upon pros of Pumble. As per my personal following are

pros:

• Quick to set up, even no techie can set up Pumble quickly.
• Free of cost application.
• Easy data sharing, users can quickly share data.
• Quick customer support, I personally drop an email to the support team and got a response within 5 min.
• Standard interface, no experiments are done with application and straight interface.

Cons:

• No calling and video features. Though Pumble is claiming to start call and video chat features soon.
• Lagging at first time installation. Users may face challenges while installing that application first time. The screen got freeze and can remain idle for a while.
• Every time when you log in to a desktop application, it always sends an email to get a login. It should not be there and the application must get login via providing creds.

The post IS PUMBLE A EMERGING TEAM CHAT APP appeared first on Linux Windows and android Tutorials.

Features.

Zentyal comes with very rick features, required for day to day IT infra management. Some of the primary features are as below.

Directory and domains.

• Support Active directories.
• File sharing possible with MS windows Environment.
• OU (organization units), GPO (group policy objects) features are available.
• You can manage domains and directories centrally.
• Single sign-on Features.

IT Infrastructure

• Quick deployment of DNS and DHCP Server.
• Instant VPN and FTP.
• Virtualization Manager.

Email and Gateway

• It supports multiple email protocols like POP3, SMTP, IMAP, and CalDAV.
• A number of email clients are supported like- Thunderbird and Webmail.
• To avoid spamming and phishing features like Mail filter and Antivirus.
• It has one of the best and easy to deploy firewall, routing, and gateway features.

Here, we will use Zentyal 7.0 for demonstration purpose. It is recommended to have at least two LAN Cards. Let’s go step by step.

Installation

1. Download server iso from this link.
2. Boot server with Zentyal bootable device.
3. Select preferred language.

4. After selecting language, let it process automatically.

5. Here, define primary network card.

6. You can define your hostname.

7. Define an username for server.

8. Password is required for user.

9. Define time zone here.

10. Define your time zone here.

11. Let the server get installed, login and provide credentials.

12. Complete your server setup.

13. Choose service required for your environment, here you can select multiple services.

14. Server is ready to use, congratulations.

Conclusion

The error might occur sometime, after the installation process complete and you will not be able to see services in the browser. To get rid of this simply remove the internet connection while installing the server. Zentyal provides paid services. For testing purposes, you can use the community version as well. I have used the Zentyal community edition for a few SMB environments and it works well.

The post Setup Zentyal Server Step by Step appeared first on Linux Windows and android Tutorials.

Prerequisites and installation.

I would be using Ubuntu as demo OS here, Most of the Linux OS comes with that features by default.

Check status of firewall.

$ ufw status

Enable firewall.

$ ufw enable

Reload firewall. SSH may stope when you enable firewall. If you are working in virtual environment, connection may lost.

Allow and deny rules.

Allow ssh port

$ sudo ufw allow 22

Rule applied, check status.

Like port number, we can allow to open for a particular IP address.

$ sudo ufw allow from 192.168.42.142 && sudo ufw status.

What if you wants to allow a particular port for specific IP Addr.

$ sudo sfw allow from 192.168.100.100 to any port 22

Status check.

Deny a particular port for a specific IP addr.

$ sudo ufw deny from 192.168.100.100 to any port 80

Now, delete created rule, there are two methods and first option with rule number.

 $ sudo ufw status numbered

Here, I want to delete rule number 5.

$ sudo ufw delete 5

Let’s use another way to delete any rule.

$ sudo ufw delete deny from 192.168.100.100 to any port 22

Lets reset all firewall rules to default.

$ sudo ufw reset

You can manage incoming and outgoing rules as well, have a look.

GUI Tool for UFW

Install GUI application for the firewall.

$ sudo apt-get install gufw

With basic understanding of security, a moderate user can manage items as well.

Conclusion

UFW can be used by that user, which is having not so deep knowledge of IPTables. but still wants to manage securities of their server and services. With very quick deployment ports or IP addresses, level restrictions can be managed to have a similar impact as it was supposed to be with IPTables.

The post Hardening Ubuntu Security with UFW Firewall appeared first on Linux Windows and android Tutorials.

Features:

• Interactive GUI

The interface is very attractive, responsive, and easy to use for both mobile and desktop users.

• Personalized Dashboard.

Here, you can navigate, current, and old curriculums.

• Progress reports.

You can keep track of the curriculum, based on the course and student level.

• File management.

A very convenient interface connected with Onedrive,  Dropbox, or any other famous cloud storage service.

• Calendar and Notifications

A teacher can keep track of course deadlines, scheduled programs.  Forum and personalized messages can be shared.

Installation:

Here, we will see how to set moodle with Ubuntu 20.04.

Update OS

$ sudo apt-get update

Install PHP/MySql/PHP

Here, we would require PHP7, add the repo.

$  sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ondrej/php

Update System

$ sudo apt-get update

Get required packages.

  $ apt install apache2 mysql-client mysql-server php libapache2-mod-php

Setup root password

$ sudo mysql_secure_installation

Install other required tools.

$ sudo apt install graphviz aspell ghostscript clamav php7.4-pspell php7.4-curl php7.4-gd php7.4-intl php7.4-mysql php7.4-xml php7.4-xmlrpc php7.4-ldap php7.4-zip php7.4-soap php7.4-mbstring

Install git

$ sudo apt-get install git

Download Moodle package, change to /opt directory.

$ sudo git clone git://git.moodle.org/moodle.git

Move local repo to /var/www/html

Create new directory ‘moodledata’ in /var/

$ sudo mv /opt/moodle /var/www/html/moodle

$ sudo mkdir /var/moodledata 

Define required set of permissions.

$ sudo chown -R www-data /var/moodledata/
$ sudo chmod -R 755 /var/moodledata/
$ sudo chown www-data /var/moodledata
$ chmod -R 775 /var/www/html/moodledata

Moodle database user for MySQL required.

CREATE DATABASE moodle;

create user 'moodleuser'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'P@ssw0rd';

GRANT ALL ON moodle.* TO 'moodleuser'@'localhost';

Once all of the settings are done, restart apache service.

Open browser and type IP_Addr/moodle. In my scenario IP address is 172.16.16.81

Click next, change directory to /var/moodledata

Choose default Database type, provide credentials.

Database name: localhost

Database user: moodleuser

Database Password: P@ssw0rd

Copy all content to /var/www/html/moodle/config.php, you require to create that file.

$ vim /var/www/html/moodle/config.php

<?php  // Moodle configuration file
 unset($CFG);
 global $CFG;
 $CFG = new stdClass();
 $CFG->dbtype    = 'mysqli';
 $CFG->dblibrary = 'native';
 $CFG->dbhost    = 'localhost';
 $CFG->dbname    = 'moodle';
 $CFG->dbuser    = 'moodleuser';
 $CFG->dbpass    = 'P@ssw0rd';
 $CFG->prefix    = 'mdl_';
 $CFG->dboptions = array (
   'dbpersist' => 0,
   'dbport' => '',
   'dbsocket' => '',
   'dbcollation' => 'utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci',
 );
 $CFG->wwwroot   = 'http://172.16.16.81/moodle';
 $CFG->dataroot  = '/var/moodledata';
 $CFG->admin     = 'admin';
 $CFG->directorypermissions = 0777;
 require_once(DIR . '/lib/setup.php');
 // There is no php closing tag in this file,
 // it is intentional because it prevents trailing whitespace problems!
 ~

Accept conditions and move next.

Here, Moodle will go through, whether all required application are installed proper or not.

Get installation steps complete.

Assign credentials to admin, assign email id.

Move to next screen.

Save all changes and move next.

Save changes and finish setup, congratulations!! you have working Moodle EMS system ready to use.

Conclusion

Here, the config.php file may not be available as default. Make sure to create and save that file. Sometimes web server may show errors, restart server and apache service to get rid of this.

The post How to install Moodle with Ubuntu 20.04 LTS. appeared first on Linux Windows and android Tutorials.